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MS Thesis Kapil Raghuraman.pdf (2.18 MB)

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Synthesis and Evaluation of a Zn-Bioactive Glass Series to Prevent Post-Operative Infections in Craniofacial Applications

Raghuraman, Kapil
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525241500626456

Abstract Details

2018, Master of Science, University of Toledo, Bioengineering.
The clinical incidence of large-scale bone defects has increased over the past few decades to both an increasingly aging population and an associated rise in the number of traumatic injuries. These defects require surgical intervention and can be complicated by post-operative surgical site infections; while these infections were originally managed with intravenous antibiotics, overuse of antibiotic drugs in both livestock and hospital environments has contributed to the creation of antibiotic resistant pathogens such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In craniofacial applications, especially, the lack of a synthetic, biocompatible and osteoconductive graft material that could address infections via a non-pharmaceutical approach provided a niche for exploration. The objective of this study was to synthesize a novel glass series, characterize the series to determine whether it would be biologically feasible and if so, identify the antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility of the material. A novel Zn-based bioactive glass series was created, as Zn has proven antibacterial capacity in previous studies. Molten mixtures of SiO2, Na2O, SrO, CaO and ZnO with varying CaO and ZnO concentrations, from 0-30% Zn, were quenched in room temperature water and ground to dental cement standards of sub-45 microns. X-ray diffraction revealed broad humps for each composition indicating that each was an amorphous solid. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and particle size analyses validated that the particle size of each composition was 45 microns, containing a uniform distribution of both large and small particles of the appropriate elemental compositions. BET surface area analysis confirmed that the surface areas of the samples were between 0.4163 m2/g and 0.6671 m2/g from RC-Control to RC-3; similarity in surface areas implied that reactivity differences were likely attributable to other factors. Differential thermal analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature of the series dropped from 635 degrees C to 578 degrees C from RC-Control to RC-3, indicating an increase in reactivity with Zn concentration. This was validated by MAS-NMR where samples shifted from -77ppm for RC-Control, indicating a tendency towards Q1, to -72.1ppm for RC-3, indicating Q0 tendency. The reactivity of the samples was high enough to indicate potential as a bioactive material, and a cement was synthesized with glass powder, polyacrylic acid and DI water at a ratio of 1.3:1 and optimized to working times of ~5min for each glass composition. Co-culture of E. coli with glass powders and subsequent plating onto LB agar revealed that significant antibacterial efficacy was possible for 20% and 30% Zn samples, RC-2 and RC-3. This trend was corroborated when zones of inhibition were measured for cement disks in S. aureus plates. RC-3 had a notably greater antibacterial capacity, but despite this, in a mammalian cell environment with murine MC3T3 pre-osteoblastic cells, showed no cytotoxicity. The antibacterial capacity and cytocompatibility of the RC series is promising and further exploration of RC-3 as an antibacterial bone graft substitute should be conducted.
Aisling Coughlan (Committee Chair)
Sarit Bhaduri (Committee Member)
Eda Yildirim-Ayan (Committee Member)
70 p.
Biomedical Engineering; Engineering; Materials Science
glass; glass science; bioactive glass; zinc; antibacterial; antibiotic resistance; craniofacial; surgical site infections; post-operative infections; orthopedic; biomedical engineering; bioengineering; biomaterials

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Citations

  • Raghuraman, K. (2018). Synthesis and Evaluation of a Zn-Bioactive Glass Series to Prevent Post-Operative Infections in Craniofacial Applications [Master's thesis, University of Toledo]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525241500626456

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Raghuraman, Kapil. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Zn-Bioactive Glass Series to Prevent Post-Operative Infections in Craniofacial Applications. 2018. University of Toledo, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525241500626456.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Raghuraman, Kapil. "Synthesis and Evaluation of a Zn-Bioactive Glass Series to Prevent Post-Operative Infections in Craniofacial Applications." Master's thesis, University of Toledo, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525241500626456

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

toledo1525241500626456
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© 2018, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by University of Toledo and OhioLINK.