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Grapevine Molecular and Physiological Responses Under Low Temperature Stress

Singh, Gurkirat
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-5682
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1714732212909406

Abstract Details

2024, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Horticulture and Crop Science.
Sub-zero freezing temperatures cause 5-15% of annual crop losses to worldwide grapevine cultivation. Based on their cold hardiness, i.e., the ability to survive under low temperature conditions, grapevine genotypes can be classified as a) cold sensitive, such as Vitis vinifera (-18℃ to -22℃ critical range), and b) cold hardy, such as Vitis labrusca (-26℃ to -29℃). During spring, late-spring frost conditions can cause injury to young shoots emerging from dormant buds, affecting grapevine yield and wine quality. Enhancing cold hardiness and frost tolerance can improve grapevine’s survivability under extreme low temperature conditions. Cold hardy wild grapevine species, such as native North American Vitis labrusca, are being utilized for the development of cold hardy hybrid cultivars, however, most of these species have low-chilling requirements, leading to early budburst in spring. Therefore, despite being cold hardy as dormant buds, it is unknown if the young shoots of Vitis labrusca have higher frost tolerance than those of Vitis vinifera cultivars. Our goal was to determine the difference in frost tolerance and transcriptomic response related to low temperatures between young shoots of cold hardy V. labrusca acc. ‘GREM4’ and cold sensitive V. vinifera cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Results showed that ‘GREM4’ shoots had significantly higher frost tolerance than those of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Transcriptomic analysis for chill (4℃) and freeze (-2℃) stress revealed that 'GREM4' shoots exhibited upregulation of genes encoding cell-wall-associated receptor kinases and extensin proteins under both chill and freeze stress. Moreover, genes encoding 3-ketoacyl-coenzymeA synthase (KCS), a key enzyme involved in wax biosynthesis, and genes related to sugar transport and metabolism were differentially expressed between ‘GREM4’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Interaction analysis between species and temperature treatments revealed that the gene encoding abscisic acid (ABA) degrading enzyme ABA 8’-hydroxylase 3 was significantly upregulated in ‘GREM4’ shoots under chill and freeze stress, indicating ABA’s involvement in frost tolerance. These findings suggests that changes in cell-wall properties or synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) by KCS genes might contribute to enhancing frost tolerance of ‘GREM4’ young shoots. Cold hardiness of dormant buds prone to sub-zero temperatures can be improved by adopting management practices such as spraying cryoprotectants. Potassium has been considered to play a role in cryoprotection as its accumulation can increase cell solute concentration and decrease osmotic potential, ultimately lowering the freezing point of intracellular water. Vitis spp. ‘Chambourcin’, a commonly grown grapevine cultivar in Ohio, is considered moderately cold sensitive. Our research focused on determining if foliar potassium application is effective in improving the cold hardiness of ‘Chambourcin’, along with its effect on yield and fruit quality. This study showed that potassium application during the growing season can improve cold hardiness, with no significant effect on yield. Instead, the foliar application increased berry sugar levels without affecting juice pH. Overall, these findings will help improve the survivability of grapevines prone to sub-zero temperature conditions during winter and spring, thereby decreasing the negative impact of low temperature stress on yield and fruit quality and increasing the overall profitability of grapevine growers.
Andrea Gschwend (Advisor)
Imed Dami (Advisor)
Eric Stockinger (Committee Member)
Jonathan Fresnedo-Ramirez (Committee Member)
Genetics; Horticulture; Plant Sciences
Grapevine; Vitis labrusca; Vitis vinifera; Cold hardiness; Frost tolerance; Potassium; Cryoprotection; Transcriptomics

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Singh, G. (2024). Grapevine Molecular and Physiological Responses Under Low Temperature Stress [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1714732212909406

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Singh, Gurkirat. Grapevine Molecular and Physiological Responses Under Low Temperature Stress. 2024. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1714732212909406.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Singh, Gurkirat. "Grapevine Molecular and Physiological Responses Under Low Temperature Stress." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2024. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1714732212909406

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1714732212909406
154
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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.