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Early Posthatch Nutritional Strategies to Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Wooden Breast Myopathy

Wang, Ji
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1608673830308009

Abstract Details

2021, Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, Animal Sciences.
Wooden Breast (WB) myopathy is present within the broiler industry worldwide. The WB affected muscles are palpably hard under severe oxidative stress and inflammation. Posthatch muscle growth is dependent on satellite cells and are sensitive to nutritional changes early posthatch. Thus, satellite cells are able to be modified by nutritional strategies early posthatch and thereby alter the muscle structure. The overall objective of this study was to reduce the incidence of WB myopathy through early posthatch nutritional interventions including vitamin E (VE) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) with antioxidant properties, and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids with anti-inflammatory effect. The first three aims determined the effects of VE (200 IU/kg) and n-3 fatty acids (n-6/n-3 ratio of 3.2:1) independently or in combination when fed during the starter phase (0 to 10 day) or grower phase (11 to 24 day) on WB severity, growth performance, meat quality, morphological structure of the pectoralis major (p. major) muscle and small intestine, and expression of genes likely associated with WB in p. major muscle and small intestine. It was found that VE supplementation during the starter phase or grower phase reduced the severity of WB myopathy both by palpation and by microscopic without sacrificing growth performance and meat yield in broilers at market age (58 days of age). In contrast, n-3 fatty acids supplementation in starter diets decreased final body weight and meat yield. Genes associated with muscle development and glucose metabolism were differentially expressed in the p. major muscle of the broilers supplemented with VE in the grower diet, indicating reduced muscle degeneration and lipid deposition. Genes involved in gut nutrient transport, oxidative stress, and inflammation were differentially expressed in small intestine of the broilers supplemented with VE during the grower phase, indicating improved nutrient transport and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation. These suggest that VE supplementation especially during the grower phase may reduce the incidence of WB through improving muscle and intestinal morphology in broilers at market age. The beneficial dietary effects on reducing WB severity was initiated from an early age. The objectives of the fourth and fifth aims were to identify the effects of VE (160 mg/kg) and ALA (500 mg/kg) on the developmental onset, severity, and progression of WB based on p. major muscle and small intestinal morphology and expression of genes associated with WB in broilers during the first 3 weeks posthatch. There was no phenotypic detection of WB by 3 weeks of age. However, microscopic changes associated with WB was detected beginning at 1 week of age in all groups. Supplementation of VE and ALA independently and in combination reduced microscopic WB severity at 2 and 3 weeks of age compared to the control. Expression of genes associated with adipogenesis and inflammation was reduced in VE, ALA, and combination of VE and ALA groups compared to the control at 3 weeks of age. These data suggest that VE and ALA supplemented independently and in combination had positive effects on mitigating WB severity, improving muscle and intestinal structures as early as 2 weeks of age, with combination of VE and ALA showing the most effective effect. The results from this study can be potentially transferred to the broiler industry reducing the serious economic loss that WB causes.
Sandra Velleman (Advisor)
Sheila Jacobi (Committee Member)
Lyda Garcia (Committee Member)
Lynn Knipe (Committee Member)
Daniel Clark (Committee Member)
344 p.
Animal Sciences
Wooden Breast myopathy; vitamin E; omega-3 fatty acid; alpha lipoic acid; meat quality; muscle morphology; intestinal morphology

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Wang, J. (2021). Early Posthatch Nutritional Strategies to Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Wooden Breast Myopathy [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1608673830308009

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Wang, Ji. Early Posthatch Nutritional Strategies to Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Wooden Breast Myopathy. 2021. Ohio State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1608673830308009.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Wang, Ji. "Early Posthatch Nutritional Strategies to Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Wooden Breast Myopathy." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1608673830308009

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1608673830308009
278
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