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Evolution of Influenza A Viruses in Exhibition Swine and Transmission to Humans, 2013-2015

Szablewski, Christine Marie
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4796-7318
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu151388886442666

Abstract Details

2018, Master of Public Health, Ohio State University, Public Health.
Influenza A virus is a zoonotic pathogen whose introduction to humans from animals could potentially cause a pandemic. Animal-linage influenza A viruses (IAVs) that infect humans are referred to as variant IAVs, which are designated with a `v’ after the subtype. To better understand the epidemiology of IAV in exhibition swine and resulting H3N2v in humans, we performed a phylogenetic analysis using full genome sequences from 279 IAV isolates collected from exhibition swine in 5 states from 2013-2015 and 23 of the 25 H3N2v cases reported during those same years. Sixty-six fairs (23.7%) had at least one sample that was positive for IAV and 20 of those fairs (30.3%) had more than one IAV genotype circulating in the pigs. An overall 3-year prevalence of 9.7% (95% CI: 9.1-10.3) was observed. However, the prevalence of IAV in swine significantly decreased from 2014 to 2015 when the proportion of fairs with IAV infected pigs decreased from 30.14% (95% CI: 19.6-40.1) in 2014 to 13.5% (95% CI: 6.9-20.1) in 2015. We found 19 IAV genotypes infecting swine and 6 IAV genotypes in humans, with 5 genotypes in both host species. There was a positive correlation between the number of fairs at which a genotype was present among the pigs and the number of human cases of that same genotype. Additionally, we showed that H3N2v isolates clustered tightly with exhibition swine isolates that were prevalent in the same year. Our data indicate that there are multiple genotypes of swine-lineage IAV that can infect humans, and highly prevalent IAV genotypes during a given year are the strains most likely to infect humans.
Andrew Bowman, DVM, MS, PhD (Advisor)
Armando Hoet, DVM, PhD (Committee Member)
Gregory Habing, DVM, PhD (Committee Member)
Kurt Stevenson, MD, MPH (Committee Member)
Animal Diseases; Animals; Public Health
RNA viruses; United States; agricultural fair; animal population groups; animals; disease outbreaks; influenza A virus; livestock; public health; respiratory infections; swine; zoonoses

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Szablewski, C. M. (2018). Evolution of Influenza A Viruses in Exhibition Swine and Transmission to Humans, 2013-2015 [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu151388886442666

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Szablewski, Christine. Evolution of Influenza A Viruses in Exhibition Swine and Transmission to Humans, 2013-2015. 2018. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu151388886442666.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Szablewski, Christine. "Evolution of Influenza A Viruses in Exhibition Swine and Transmission to Humans, 2013-2015." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu151388886442666

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu151388886442666
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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.