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Genetic and Environmental Factors Affecting Improvement of Rootstocks for Tomato

Huarachi Morejon, Nancy
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376666605

Abstract Details

2013, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Horticulture and Crop Science.
Grafting is a technique that has been used for fruit trees and vine crops for thousand years. Grafting to rootstocks is becoming popular in annual vegetable production to control soil-borne diseases, replace fumigation, increase yield, increase tolerance to abiotic stress, and impart vigor. Previous research indicates that inconsistent seed quality and lack of information about rootstock-scion compatibility affect the efficiency of grafting, raises cost, and inhibits adoption of the technology. The goals of this research were to address limitations in seed quality and graft efficiency. The specific objectives were: a) evaluate genetic and environmental factors affecting quality of seed in hybrids derived from interspecific crosses, b) improve grafting success through use of adhesives, and c) determine the genetic basis of graft failure between rootstock and scion. Tomato is a model for grafting annual vegetables due to the importance of the crop and the extensive genetic resources available. To assess the potential to select for improved seed quality, experimental rootstocks were developed through pollination of cultivated (Solanum lycopersicum L.) parental lines as female parents and 11 accessions of wild species as male parents. Seed quality was evaluated based on seed size (weight) and total germinability for each hybrid produced. Maternal effects and environment determined fruit set. Specific genotype combinations and environment determined seed yield. Seed size was mainly affected by genetic components, while seed germination was affected by both genetics and environmental factors. Seed size can be used as selection criterion in breeding program for early selection of rootstock seed quality. To improve graft success, nine different tomato rootstocks were grafted using the traditional tube method of grafting and using adhesives. Despite wide variation across rootstock genotypes and grafting environment, grafting using adhesives resulted in higher grafting success. To determine the genetic basis of graft failure, molecular markers were exploited for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. An advanced backcross population (BC3S4), derived from two S. lycopersicum parents (H7998 × OH881199), was evaluated for graft failure, using 10 plants from each family as rootstocks with the entire experiment repeated twice. The genotyping of the BC3S4 population was conducted with 78 polymorphic markers for the marker-trait analysis. A second population was developed as an F2 (H7998 × Ohio MR13) and evaluated for survival and scion height as a validation of the marker-trait associations. We identified potential regions of the genome affecting grafting failure or success on chromosome 9, and two QTL for scion height on chromosome 2 and 4. We were not able to validate these putative QTL due to the lack of overlapping markers across the two populations. The findings of this thesis work indicated that wide crosses could produce rootstocks with high seed quality. I identified key selection points in the breeding of new tomato rootstocks. At the same time, I demonstrated that control of the seed production environment is essential to obtain high quality seed from wide-cross hybrids. I also demonstrated that grafting success can be increased using adhesives in the process, and grafting failure appears to have a genetic basis, with failure associated with alleles from H7998.
David Francis M., Dr. (Advisor)
Pablo Jourdan, Dr. (Committee Member)
Matthew Kleinhenz, Dr. (Committee Member)
145 p.
Agriculture; Agronomy; Horticulture; Plant Sciences
abiotic stress; grafting methods; tomato grafting; soil diseases; Solanum lycopersicum; habrochaites; arcanum; chilense; corneliomulleri; pennelli; seed quality; seed yield; QTL analysis; hybrids; failure; germination, seed size

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Citations

  • Huarachi Morejon, N. (2013). Genetic and Environmental Factors Affecting Improvement of Rootstocks for Tomato [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376666605

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Huarachi Morejon, Nancy. Genetic and Environmental Factors Affecting Improvement of Rootstocks for Tomato. 2013. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376666605.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Huarachi Morejon, Nancy. "Genetic and Environmental Factors Affecting Improvement of Rootstocks for Tomato." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376666605

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1376666605
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© 2013, some rights reserved.Creative Commons License Genetic and Environmental Factors Affecting Improvement of Rootstocks for Tomato by Nancy Huarachi Morejon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. Based on a work at etd.ohiolink.edu.
This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.