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Investigations in weed biology: studies at the plant, population, and community levels

Sosnoskie, Lynn Marie
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1102976937

Abstract Details

2005, Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, Horticulture and Crop Science.
Studies were conducted at the plant, population, and community level to address questions concerning (1) seed germination in Alliaria petiolata (2) weed community composition and structure in response to tillage, rotation and herbicide, and (3) variation in Abutilon theophrasti. Alliaria petiolata seeds are dormant at maturity, requiring approximately 90 to 105 days cold-moist stratification at 4 to 5 °C for germination to occur. Mechanically scarified, and H2O2 and H2SO4 treated seeds germinated within 35 days when GA3 was applied exogenously. The composition of the weed-seedbank community was characterized 35 years after the implementation of a long-term study involving cropping sequence (continuous corn, corn-soybean, corn-oat-hay) and tillage system (conventional-, minimum-, and no-tillage). Values of S, J, and H’ recorded for all combinations of the three-crop sequence were typically greater than the values of S, J, and H’ reported for either the one and two-crop rotations. As the intensity of soil disturbance decreased, values for S increased. Mean germinable weed seed density was greatest in the no-tillage treatments across rotations and years. Results suggest that the weed seed community in a corn-oat-hay rotational system differs in structure and composition from communities associated with continuous corn and corn-soybean systems. There is concern that the widespread use of genetically-modified glyphosate-tolerant crops (GTCs) will alter agricultural weed community dynamics with respect to glyphosate-tolerance and emergence phenology. Species associated with individual tillage and rotation treatments were not different from species recorded in the same plots prior to the exclusive use of GTCs and glyphosate, suggesting that significant changes in weed community composition and structure have not occurred. Abutilon theophrasti is a noxious weed in modern row-crop agriculture. This study characterized the morphological, phonological, and genetic variation velvetleaf accessions to determine whether “crop” and “weedy” biotypes exist and are easily differentiated. Multivariate and univariate analyses indicate that accessions producing yellow-colored seed capsules are significantly taller, flower later and were longer-lived than their brown-colored counterparts were. This finding supports assertions that the yellow-colored-capsule varieties were domesticated for use as a fiber crop.
John Cardina (Advisor)
167 p.
Agriculture, Agronomy
Alliaria petiolata; Abutilon theophrasti; population biology; morphological variation; phenological variation; genetic variation; weeds; weed seedbanks; community composition; diversity; glyphosate; CDA; Indicator values; MRPP

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Sosnoskie, L. M. (2005). Investigations in weed biology: studies at the plant, population, and community levels [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1102976937

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Sosnoskie, Lynn. Investigations in weed biology: studies at the plant, population, and community levels. 2005. Ohio State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1102976937.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Sosnoskie, Lynn. "Investigations in weed biology: studies at the plant, population, and community levels." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1102976937

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1102976937
2,029
© 2004, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.