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Spencer, Michael Accepted Dissertation FA24-1.pdf (3.68 MB)

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Determination, Prevention and Modeling of Precipitation in the Utica/Point Pleasant Unconventional Formation

Spencer, Michael W
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-0012
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1730994096915655

Abstract Details

2024, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, Mechanical Engineering (Engineering and Technology).
This work evaluates the geochemistry between the Utica-Point Pleasant (UPP) shale and associated connate fluids under simulated reservoir conditions in a batch reactor system with a primary focus on identifying precipitate formation. Preliminary studies were performed to identify and characterize precipitation formation under simulated reservoir conditions. The formation of iron-based precipitate was evident through results from fluid and material analyses. Fe2+ was the predominant iron form found in the aqueous phase, with oxidation to Fe3+ and subsequent precipitate formation. Geochemical modeling further supported that Fe3+ was the favorable species for precipitation. Furthermore, this work evaluated a deeper comprehension of the impact of citric acid and sodium gluconate on the kinetics of iron oxidation and precipitation within the UPP formation. Zeroth- and first-order kinetic models were applied to experimental data acquired at 37, 57 and 77 °C (98.6, 134.6 and 170.6 °F) to determine reaction rates, activation energy and pre-exponential factor. It was found that zeroth-order kinetics were a better fit for the system and used as the kinetics basis for additional analysis in the study. Additionally, subsequent trials were performed to evaluate the effect of the iron control agent. Results from these trials indicate that citric acid effectively diminishes iron precipitation by exerting a chelating influence on Fe3+, with the chelation effect becoming more pronounced as the concentration of citric acid is increased. Sodium gluconate also demonstrated effectiveness as an iron control agent, inhibiting the oxidation of Fe2+ when present in the solution. No residual Fe3+ was observed in the solution for either of the sodium gluconate trials, suggesting that its chelation capability is notably lower compared to that of citric acid. It is suggested that the most effective iron control strategy for the UPP formation would involve a combination of sodium gluconate and citric acid, leveraging their respective affinities for Fe2+ and Fe3+.
Jason Trembly (Advisor)
Muhammad Ali (Committee Member)
David Drabold (Committee Member)
Martin Kordesch (Committee Member)
David Young (Committee Member)
148 p.
Mechanical Engineering
Reaction kinetics; precipitation; geochemistry; oil and gas; hydraulic fracturing

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Spencer, M. W. (2024). Determination, Prevention and Modeling of Precipitation in the Utica/Point Pleasant Unconventional Formation [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1730994096915655

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Spencer, Michael. Determination, Prevention and Modeling of Precipitation in the Utica/Point Pleasant Unconventional Formation. 2024. Ohio University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1730994096915655.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Spencer, Michael. "Determination, Prevention and Modeling of Precipitation in the Utica/Point Pleasant Unconventional Formation." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio University, 2024. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1730994096915655

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

ohiou1730994096915655
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This open access ETD is published by Ohio University and OhioLINK.