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Bone, Brain, and Behavior: Examining the Effects of Acetylcholine Within the Neuroskeletal Relationship

Basom, Rose Sang Leach
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-8824
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1720652156576942

Abstract Details

2024, PHD, Kent State University, College of Arts and Sciences / School of Biomedical Sciences.
Many neurochemicals that affect social behavior also play a role in mediating bone development and metabolism. In primates, higher levels of neuropeptide Y and serotonin in humans and chimpanzees, compared to monkeys, are associated with decreased levels of aggression and increased social competence, respectively. Additionally, apes have higher levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and lower levels of dopamine, corresponding to internally driven and autonomous social behavior. Humans, conversely, have relatively low ACh and high dopamine, corresponding to externally driven social behavior and social conformity. ACh is specifically associated with the control of internally versus externally motivated behaviors in the striatum and is also known to promote osteoblastogenesis, bone formation, and to also inhibit bone resorption. However, the relationship between neurochemicals in the brain, bone, and behavior has, to date, remained relatively unexplored. In this dissertation, I investigate potential relationships among ACh concentrations and bone architecture by examining rats of differing levels of domestication and also among primates. I show that, in wild-caught and laboratory-raised rats, skeletal ACh concentrations, trabecular spacing, cortical bone density, and cortical area are lower in laboratory-raised rats, while bone volume is higher. Additionally, skeletal ACh may account for 40.8% of variation in trabecular spacing and 35.5% of variation in bone volume among rats. Though the difference in skeletal ACh among groups was consistent with expectations, our other findings largely contrast with currently available literature, warranting further research into the relationship between skeletal and neural ACh. I also show that, while in a highly limited primate sample, there is no relationship between skeletal and neural ACh concentrations, the methods used to explore this relationship could be used in future studies. Lastly, I show that in exploring the relationship between skeletal ACh and skeletal variables among primates, skeletal ACh was significantly higher in marmosets than in Old World monkeys (OWM), which may be attributable to elevated estrogen levels due to ovulation patterns. Marmosets exhibited lower cortical density and higher cortical area compared to OWM and Great Apes. They also had lower cortical thickness compared to OWM. While there were no significant differences in trabecular variables and bone volume among groups, skeletal ACh may account for 27.9% of variation in trabecular spacing. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that more research is needed to not only better understand the relationship between neural and skeletal ACh, but also what signal from ACh can be reliably detected in skeletal characters. However, the methods used here can be applied to further research into the relationship between neurochemicals, bone, and behavior.
Claude Owen Lovejoy (Committee Chair)
Colleen Novak (Committee Member)
Richard Meindl (Committee Member)
Mary Ann Raghanti (Committee Member)
155 p.
Anatomy and Physiology; Biology; Biomedical Research; Developmental Biology; Endocrinology; Evolution and Development; Morphology; Neurobiology; Physical Anthropology
Biological Anthropology; Human Evolutionary Biology; Acetylcholine; Neurochemicals; Skeletal Developmental Biology; Social Behavior; Neurobiology; Endocrinology; Hormones; Primates; Domestication; Human Evolution

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Basom, R. S. L. (2024). Bone, Brain, and Behavior: Examining the Effects of Acetylcholine Within the Neuroskeletal Relationship [Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1720652156576942

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Basom, Rose. Bone, Brain, and Behavior: Examining the Effects of Acetylcholine Within the Neuroskeletal Relationship. 2024. Kent State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1720652156576942.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Basom, Rose. "Bone, Brain, and Behavior: Examining the Effects of Acetylcholine Within the Neuroskeletal Relationship." Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University, 2024. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1720652156576942

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

kent1720652156576942
228
© 2024, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by Kent State University and OhioLINK.
Release 3.2.12