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North American Tayassuidae Ecological Niche Modeling and Correlations with Early Humans

Frazier, Walter Bartholomew
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1720124518439699

Abstract Details

2024, Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, Geology.
The long-nosed peccary (Mylohyus nasutus) and flat-headed peccary (Platygonus compressus) are two of the most recently extinct members of Family Tayassuidae from North America. The aim of this study was to create ecological niche models (ENMs) for both species during the Heinrich Stadial 1, Bølling-Allerød, and Younger Dryas intervals of the latest Pleistocene across the contiguous United States and parts of northern Mexico to provide insight on their distribution, how it changed over the time intervals, and what environmental (climate and floral frequency) factors affected both species’ ranges just prior to their extinction around the Pleistocene/Holocene transition. The Neotoma Paleoecology Database, Paleobiology Database, and published research articles were used to compile peccary occurrence data. Climatic raster data were derived from PaleoClim. Floral data (specifically pollen abundance) was compiled from Neotoma, then ISODATA clustering was used in GIS SAGA to create frequency ratio maps for several dominant floral groups to rasterize floral abundancy maps. Peccary occurrence data and environmental rasters were input into Maxent, which was used to create both jackknife and response curve ENM models. Lastly, the ENMs were combined with Paleoindian archeological data (via p3k14c) to provide insight on human and peccary relationships. M. nasutus was found to have insufficient dated occurrence points to create ENMs for the targeted time slices. P. compressus was found to have had a large potential range across much of the modeled region throughout all three time intervals. P. compressus was very tolerant of vast ranges in temperature and preferred to live in forested habitats, but avoided areas with low precipitation, high precipitation seasonality, forests abundant in oak, or more open grassland/scrubland. P. compressus’ large potential range through both cold and warm intervals of the Late Pleistocene suggests that the changing environmental conditions did not cause this species to go extinct. P. compressus and Paleoindians had much overlap during these time intervals. However, there is no direct evidence that Paleoindians caused the extinction of P. compressus.
Margaret Yacobucci, Ph.D. (Committee Chair)
Jeff Snyder, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Peter Gorsevski, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
113 p.
Geographic Information Science; Paleontology
Paleontology; ecological niche modeling; species distribution modeling; Maxent; early humans; Tayassuidae; flat-headed peccary; long-nosed peccary.

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Frazier, W. B. (2024). North American Tayassuidae Ecological Niche Modeling and Correlations with Early Humans [Master's thesis, Bowling Green State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1720124518439699

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Frazier, Walter. North American Tayassuidae Ecological Niche Modeling and Correlations with Early Humans. 2024. Bowling Green State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1720124518439699.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Frazier, Walter. "North American Tayassuidae Ecological Niche Modeling and Correlations with Early Humans." Master's thesis, Bowling Green State University, 2024. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1720124518439699

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

bgsu1720124518439699
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© 2024, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by Bowling Green State University and OhioLINK.