137 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
1.
Ubaid Kassis, Sara.
Magnetization and Transport Study of Disordered Weak Itinerant Ferromagnets.
Degree: PhD, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Physics, 2009, Kent State University
► The study of quantum phase transitions (QPT) provides a new route to…
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▼ The study of quantum phase transitions (QPT) provides a new route to find and understand unconventional phases in condensed matter physics. The presently studied alloy, Ni(1-x)Vx, offers an opportunity to investigate a ferromagnetic quantum phase transition, a transition from a ferromagnetic ordered state into a paramagnetic state at T = 0 K, by varying the vanadium concentration, x. Magnetization and transport measurements are used to probe the critical behavior of the phase transition and characterize the onset of “unconventional behavior” such as non-Fermi liquid behavior, which signals a deviation from Fermi liquid theory, a fundamental concept in metals. Towards 11.2 % vanadium, the Curie temperature (Tc) is reduced to zero from its pure nickel value of Tc = 627 K. The critical behavior of the phase transition in samples with the higher nickel content (x < 11%) at a finite Tc essentially follows theories as expected for weak itinerant magnets. The samples with more vanadium (x > 11.2%) do not show a conventional ferromagnetic transition or the typical properties of an ordinary paramagnet. Instead, we see evidence for power laws with unusual exponents in the temperature dependence of the magnetization and the resistivity due to an inhomogeneous magnetic moment distribution. We compare our data findings with recent theories addressing a new critical scenario, quantum phase transitions with disorder. One signature is a Quantum Griffiths’ phase which is observed as power laws with non-universal exponents heading towards a T → 0 instability. At very low temperatures, the quantum Griffiths phase in Ni-V leads to the formation of a frozen cluster glass phase. To our knowledge, our compound is the first to experimentally show all signatures of a quantum Griffiths phase in an extended regime, and therefore provides an ideal model system for a disordered itinerant 3-d Heisenberg system.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schroeder, Almut.
Subjects: Physics
Keywords: Ferromagnet; Nickel; Vanadium; Itinerant; Disorder; Griffiths phase; Cluster glass; Quantum Phase Transitions; Quantum Critical Pointet; Nickel; Vanadium; Itinerant Disorder; Griffiths phase; Cluster glass; Quantum Phase Transitions
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2.
Ucar, Duygu.
Constructing and Analyzing Biological Interaction Networks for Knowledge Discovery.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science and Engineering, 2009, Ohio State University
► Many biological datasets can be effectively modeled as interaction networks where nodes…
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▼ Many biological datasets can be effectively modeled as interaction networks where nodes represent biological entities of interest such as proteins, genes, or complexes and edges mimic associations among them. The study of these biological network structures can provide insight into many biological questions including the functional characterization of genes and gene products, the characterization of DNA-protein bindings, and the understanding of regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, the task of constructing biological interaction networks from raw data sets and exploiting information from these networks is critical, but is also fraught with challenges. First, the network structure is not always known in a priori; the structure should be inferred from raw and heterogeneous biological data sources. Second, biological networks are noisy (containing unreliable interactions) and incomplete (missing real interactions) which makes the task of extracting useful information difficult. Third, typically these networks have non-trivial topological properties (e.g., uneven degree distribution, small world) that limit the effectiveness of traditional knowledge discovery algorithms. Fourth, these networks are usually dynamic and investigation of their dynamics is essential to understand the underlying biological system. In this thesis, we address these issues by presenting a set of computational techniques that we developed to construct and analyze three specific types of biological interaction networks: protein-protein interaction networks, gene co-expression networks, and regulatory networks.
Advisors/Committee Members: Srinivasan, Parthasarathy.
Subjects: Bioinformatics; Computer science
Keywords: Biological interaction networks, microarray, gene regulation
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3.
Ucar, Sedat.
Using inquiry-based instruction with web-based data archives to facilitate conceptual change about tides among preservice teachers.
Degree: PhD, Educational Studies: Hums, Science, Tech and Voc, 2007, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this mixed methods study was to describe and understand…
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▼ The purpose of this mixed methods study was to describe and understand preservice teachers’ conceptions of tides and to explore an instructional strategy that might promote the learning of scientific concepts. The participants were preservice teachers in three initial licensure programs. A total of 80 graduate students, in secondary, middle, and early childhood education programs completed a multiple choice assessment of their knowledge of tides-related concepts. Thirty of the 80 participants were interviewed before the instruction. Nineteen of the 30 students who were interviewed also participated in the instruction and were interviewed after the instruction. These 19 students also completed both the pre-test and 18 of them completed the post-test on tides and related content. Data regarding the participants’ conceptual understandings of tides were collected before and after the instruction using both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. A multiple choice pre-test was developed by the researcher. The same test was used before and after the instructional intervention. Structured interviews were conducted with participants before and after instruction. In addition to interviews, participants were asked to write a short journal after instruction. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the qualitative data. Preservice teachers’ conceptual understandings of tides were categorized under six different types of conceptual understandings. Before the instruction, all preservice teachers held alternative or alternative fragments as their types of conceptual understandings of tides, and these preservice teachers who held alternative conceptions about tides were likely to indicate that there is one tidal bulge on Earth. They tried to explain this one tidal bulge using various alternative conceptions. After completing an inquiry-based and technology-enhanced instruction of tides, preservice teachers were more likely to hold a scientific conceptual understanding. Also, after completion of the inquiry-based and technology-enhanced instruction, some preservice teachers were likely to continue to hold the conception that the rotation of the moon around the Earth during one 24-hour period causes the tides to move with the moon. The findings of the study provide evidence that inquiry-based and technology-enhanced instruction utilizing Web-based archived data sources can be used to promoting conceptual change among preservice teachers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Trundle, Kathy Cabe.
Keywords: conceptual change; web-based instruction; inquiry-based instruction; tides; preservice teachers
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4.
Ucci, Russell.
Investigation of Interface Diffusion on the Reliability of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor by Thermodynamic Modeling.
Degree: MS, Paper and Chemical Engineering, 2012, Miami University
► Gallium nitride semiconductors are of great interest as high power/temperature transistors due…
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▼ Gallium nitride semiconductors are of great interest as high power/temperature transistors due to their wide band gaps and high electron mobility. However, AlGaN/GaN transistors have shown device instability at higher temperatures. In this thesis, Thermo Calc© and DICTRA© software were used to investigate the defect chemistry of the Al-Ga-N material system and the diffusion kinetics of nickel into the AlGaN layer of the device by the Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry methodology. Using this methodology, both a thermodynamic and kinetic database need to be developed. A Ga-N thermodynamic database was first built and the phase diagram and defect concentration were calculated to ensure its accuracy in diffusion simulations. The kinetic simulation results indicated temperature activated diffusion of nickel as a possible mechanism for device failure.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kerr, Lei.
Subjects: Chemical Engineering; Electrical Engineering; Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanical Engineering; Nanoscience; Nanotechnology
Keywords: AlGaN; GaN; HEMT; Diffusion; CALPHAD; Phase Diagram; DICTRA; ThermoCalc; Transistor
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5.
Uchida, Chiharu Hashimoto.
Making possibilities visible: the process of collaboration between general and special education teachers in an inclusive early childhood education program.
Degree: PhD, Educational Theory and Practice, 2005, Ohio State University
► This dissertation seeks to investigate the development of collaboration among different institutions…
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▼ This dissertation seeks to investigate the development of collaboration among different institutions and disciplines to serve young children with and without special needs. The Education Center for Young Children and Families (ECYCF), located in an urban area of a Midwestern city, was chosen as the research site for this dissertation because it offers comprehensive services and utilizes a progressive inclusion model (based on a 14-year history of partnership among multiple institutions). Utilizing ethnographic methods such as participant observation, semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and focus group interviews, data was collected over three years. The data corpus was divided into two parts: (1) historical and leadership level and (2) practical and classroom level. The second level focused on one classroom led by two Head Start and two special education teachers. Collaboration patterns at the leadership and the practice levels represented integrated collaboration and family collaboration respectively. At the leadership level, their shared vision to provide seamless and comprehensive services for children and their families in the community sustained the long-term partnership despite the differences among organizations. When they opened the ECYCF building in 2001, the leaders also constructed the integrated curriculum to blend the different philosophies and practices of different agencies. However, at the practice level not all the teachers from different agencies were ready to fit into the new system and norms. The interaction patterns among teachers from different agencies can be described as the way that a family that lives together in challenging situations might act; the teachers had to learn to adjust their ways of teaching to the context of the ECYCF. Two spheres of cultural elements influenced practical level collaboration: “organizational coordination” and “personal beliefs and values.” Both of them are needed for efficient collaborative teaching team. Therefore, the administrative level partnership needs to continuously provide organizational conditions, such as socializing opportunities for teachers and active sharing of the ‘vision’ and the passion that have driven the leaders of the partnership. Further research is needed to examine the effectiveness of collaborative teaching, specifically, teacher collaboration and children’s socializations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kantor, Rebecca.
Subjects: Education, Early Childhood
Keywords: Early Childhood Education; Inclusion; Professional Development; Collaboration; Head Start; Special Education
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6.
Uckert, Kyle.
High Temperature Resistivity and Hall Effect Measurements of Conductive and Semiconductive Thin Films.
Degree: BS, Astrophysics, 2010, Ohio University Honors Tutorial College
► Conducting high-temperature Hall effect measurements of various semiconductors and metals allows one…
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▼ Conducting high-temperature Hall effect measurements of various semiconductors and metals allows one to determine information regarding the carrier concentration, carrier type, and resistivity of a sample as it varies with temperature. This has an especially interesting application for military purposes and within the automotive and aerospace industries. Currently, the structural design of vehicles and industrial apparatuses is severely restricted by the limited understanding of the properties of semiconductors at high temperatures. In order to test these properties an apparatus capable of housing a conducting or semiconducting thin film sample and withstanding 1100°C with a magnetic field acting perpendicular to the direction of the flow of charge has been designed and constructed. By understanding the more fundamental characteristics of these thin films at high temperature, it may be possible to make improvements on already existing electrical components, or develop new applications entirely.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kordesch, Martin.
Subjects: Electromagnetism; Materials science; Physics
Keywords: ITO; Hall effect; resistivity; platinum; semiconductive; thin film; high temperature
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7.
Ucoluk, Ece.
Simulacrum of Reality: Network Narrative in Babel.
Degree: MA, Film (Fine Arts), 2010, Ohio University
► Despite the different possibilities "network narrative" may offer, plot-wise or to the…
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▼ Despite the different possibilities "network narrative" may offer, plot-wise or to the film industry, little is known about how the new method contributes to the process of meaning making. This study analyzes Babel, a contemporary example of network narrative, in that it dissects the film's formula and examines how its components work together as to suggest its conceptual meaning. The analysis indicates that the network narrative in Babel functions to produce an imitation of reality across the globe. In the process of constructing this verisimilitude, Babel incorporates and blends divergent realist tenets from other filmic modes besides network narrative, including: Italian neo-realism, direct cinema and canonical storytelling. The artificial real world produced via the network narrative allows Babel to address some diverse and global socio-economic and political problematics associated with the era in which the film was produced.
Advisors/Committee Members: Eliaz, Ofer.
Subjects: Fine Arts
Keywords: network narrative; Babel; neo-realism; globalization
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8.
Udayasankar, Subalekha.
Investigation of Automated Population and Maintenance of a Resource Database using Web-based Screen Scraping and Web Services.
Degree: MS, Computer Science and Systems Analysis, 2007, Miami University
► The World Wide Web (WWW) is a vast collection of files accessible…
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▼ The World Wide Web (WWW) is a vast collection of files accessible to the public primarily through hyper-linked files called Web pages. Increasingly, people turn to the Web to locate suppliers, products and services. The Community Disaster Information System (CDIS), developed by Miami University for the American Red Cross, provides Red Cross workers with a database of suppliers of products and services for disaster response. Currently, Red Cross Workers populate and maintain the CDIS database through manual data entry. The Web can be used for automating the data population and maintenance tasks in CDIS. The goal of the thesis is to develop automated techniques for entering and maintaining the supplier information to enhance the quantity and quality of information in the CDIS system. Web-based screen scraping and Web Services are used to confirm that a significant portion of the data in the CDIS system can be automatically populated and maintained using the Web. The results suggest that using this approach, CDIS can store current, standard supplier information free of duplicates. The major drawback is that Web-based screen scraping requires maintenance in long-term usage.
Advisors/Committee Members: Troy, Douglas.
Keywords: Community Disaster Information System; CDIS; American Red Cross
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9.
Uddandam, Vinay R.
Computer Simulation of an Electrostatic Cyclonic Emissions Separator.
Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering (Engineering and Technology), 2008, Ohio University
► In 1997, the United States Environmental Protection Agency strengthened its health protection…
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▼ In 1997, the United States Environmental Protection Agency strengthened its health protection standard for particulate matter by introducing the PM 2.5 standard. This standard has since lead to control of fine particulates with even more importance and better technology. Although, fabric filters and electrostatic precipitators on coal-burning facilities are successful in attaining standards, these technologies are relatively expensive, need a huge amount of space, and require longer downtimes for installation. The primary focus of this research is to use Fluent and Gambit software to simulate an electro cyclone technology with a novel slipstream idea aimed at reducing fine particulate matter efficiently, combined with a conventional PM control technology. The computer model, once validated appropriately using a bench-scale cyclone, would serve as a design tool to further improve the novel electro cyclone concept.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bayless, David J.
Subjects: Mechanical engineering
Keywords: Computer; Electrocyclone; CFD; Fluent; Gambit; Validation; 5-Hole; 3D; Pitot Probe
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10.
Uddi, Mruthunjaya.
Non-Equilibrium Kinetic Studies Of Repetitively Pulsed Nanosecond Discharge Plasma Assisted Combustion.
Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2008, Ohio State University
► The dissertation presents non-equilibrium chemical kinetic studies of large volume lean gaseous…
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▼ The dissertation presents non-equilibrium chemical kinetic studies of large volume lean gaseous hydrocarbon/ air mixture combustion at temperatures (~300K) much below self ignition temperatures and low pressures (40-80torr), in ~25 nanosecond duration repetitive high voltage (~18kV) electric discharges running at 10 Hz. Xenon calibrated Two Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) is used to measure absolute atomic oxygen concentrations in air, methane-air, and ethylene-air non-equilibrium plasmas, as a function of time after initiation of a single 25 nsec discharge pulse at 10Hz. Oxygen atom densities are also measured after a burst of nanosecond discharges at a variety of delay times, the burst being run at 10Hz. Each burst contains sequences of 2 to 100 nanosecond discharge pulses at 100 kHz. Burst mode measurements show very significant (up to ~0.2%) build-up of atomic oxygen density in air, and some build-up (by a factor of approximately three) in methane-air at Φ=0.5. Burst measurements in ethylene-air at Φ=0.5 show essentially no build-up, due to rapid O atom reactions with ethylene in the time interval between the pulses. Nitric oxide density is also measured using single photon Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF), in a manner similar to oxygen atoms, and compared with kinetic modeling. Fluorescence from a NO (4.18ppm) +N2 calibration gas is used to calibrate the NO densities. Peak density in air is found to be ~ 3.5ppm at ~ 225μs, increasing from almost initial levels of ~ 0 ppm directly after the pulse. Kinetic modeling using only the Zeldovich mechanism predicts a slow increase in NO formation, in ~ 2 ms, which points towards the active participation of excited N2 and O2 molecules and N atoms in forming NO molecules. Ignition delay at a variety of fuel/air conditions is studied using OH emission measurements at ~ 308nm as ignition foot prints. The ignition delay is found to be in the range of 6-20ms for ethylene/air mixtures. No ignition was observed in the case of methane/air mixtures. All these measurements agree well with kinetic modeling developed involving plasma reactions and electron energy distribution function calculations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lempert, Walter.
Subjects: Chemistry
Keywords: Plasma assisted combustion; non equilibrium kinetics; laser diagnostics; TALIF
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11.
Udel, Lisa J.
REVISING STRATEGIES THE LITERATURE AND POLITICS OF NATIVE WOMEN'S ACTIVISM.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : English and Comparative Literature, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► This work examines Native women's activism in contemporary North American decolonizing movements.…
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▼ This work examines Native women's activism in contemporary North American decolonizing movements. Looking at Native women's political literature with particular attention to their theories of gender, post-colonialism, Indigenism, feminism, and the reformative obligations of the writer, this study is concerned with several questions. First, how do Native women activists and writers analyze their experiences of hegemonic and patriarchal oppression, how do they outline and enact their political vision, and how do they theorize "race" and "gender" in twentieth- and twenty-first-century North America? Second, how does the history of conquest, going back at least three centuries, continue to affect contemporary Native women's theories and praxes of activism today? Third, what are the intellectual, cultural, and political responsibilities of the Native activist/writer living in modern America? Finally, how have Native women constructed their political vision against and alongside white women's movements? Can they coalesce for political reform? Native women's decolonizing movements include a critique of Eurocentrism, grounded in an analysis of specific historical contingencies, along with the reintegration of Native traditions of social and political praxes into contemporary tribal life. Several Native writers characterize this movement as "Indigenism" which presupposes several assumptions: that indigenous people worldwide share a common experience of colonization and subsumption into a capitalist, hegemonic nation state; a shared investment in the attainment of sovereign nationhood; and a fundamentally non-disruptive, integrative relationship to the natural habitat. Chapter One examines Native women's life narratives, concentrating on questions of writing as witness and the achievement of a liberatory voice through inscription. Chapter Two reviews the differences between Native and western feminist activism, arguing that these differences are determined, in part, by Native and white women's divergent histories of gender. Chapter Three explores the political and artistic theories of "Two-Spirit" women writers which argue for their responsibility to mediate between worlds in conflict. Chapter Four demonstrates the ways that Native women activist writers promote Indigenism and sovereignty, concluding with a discussion of the authors' designs upon the reader and that reader's role as a consumer of and participant in texts with an overtly Indigenist agenda.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hogeland, Lisa Maria.
Keywords: NATIVE AMERICAN STUDIES; NATIVE AMERICAN WOMEN WRITERS; FEMINIST STUDIES; WOMEN'S STUDIES; AMERICAN LITERATURE
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12.
Udiani, Oyita B.C.
Stability Analysis of Male Aggression Levels in a Coercive Mating Model.
Degree: MS, Mathematics, 2012, Ohio State University
► The evolution of sexually antagonistic behavior is an inherent consequence of the…
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▼ The evolution of sexually antagonistic behavior is an inherent consequence of the often diverging reproductive interests of the sexes. When males are the principal aggressors, there will be evolutionary pressure on females to develop a number of morphological and/or behavioral adaptations that mitigate aggression costs and maximize reproductive fitness. Correspondingly, selection will also favor males whose aggression strategies are best attuned to the changing fitness landscape. Previously, Bokides et al. (2012) presented a replicator dynamics model of female movement in response to male aggression. Their results indicated that under spatial restrictions, selection for high or low aggression strategists largely depends on the proximity of aggression types to an intermediate level a*. This paper is a continuation of that work addressing the questions of degeneracy at monomorphic equilibria when males adopt a*. First, we prove that the system admits no closed orbit solutions and show that monomorphic equilibria where males use a* are locally stable in the sense of Lyapunov. Next, we show, as a consequence of Poincaré-Bendixson Theorem, that all locally stable equilibria are in fact globally asymptotically stable for all parameters. Finally, we argue based on our results that these equilibria correspond to Evolutionary Stable States and that adopting a* is an Evolutionary Stable Strategy as conceived by Maynard Smith (1982).
Advisors/Committee Members: Lou, Yuan.
Subjects: Applied Mathematics; Behaviorial Sciences; Ecology
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13.
Uechi, Guy Takeo.
Infrared photophysics of gas phase ions in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 1993, Case Western Reserve University
► Infrared radiative cooling of vibrationally excited n-butylbenzene ions was studied in chapter…
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▼ Infrared radiative cooling of vibrationally excited n-butylbenzene ions was studied in chapter III. This was done by a technique called ion thermometry, where the internal energy of the ions could be probed by the branching ratio of two competitive photoproducts. The infrared radiative cooling rate constant was observed to be 0.8 s-1 for ions with energies of only 0.3 eV above room temperature. Confidence in the thermometric data depended on the reliability of the measured branching ratios. In chapter IV a computer simulation was used to show that erroneous peak height ratios were produced by the Coulombic repulsion between ions during ion excitation, and reliable ratios could be obtained by working at low excitation, and reliable ratios could be obtained by working at low ion densities and using a short excitation pulse. Chapter V discussed our first attempt to describe infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) of trapped ions in a thermal framework. Using a computer simulation the laser intensity was associated with an internal ion temperature for ions undergoing continuous laser irradiation. An Arrhenius type plot was constructed, and the activation energy obtained from it seemed reasonable within the expectations from Tolman’s theorem. To pursue the feasibility of the thermal analysis of IRMPD kinetics, the thermometric technique was used in chapter VI to observe the CO2 laser pumping process for n-butylbenzene ions. The data showed that the steady state distribution of the ion energies reached during laser pumping is very dependent on the rate of photon absorption and emission. The generalized thermal analysis which was done in chapter V was found to be unfeasible. Ion thermometry was also used in chapter V to observe the rate of photon emission from n-butylbenzene ions heated by the cw-CO2 laser. Although the ions contained 0.3 eV more energy than the ions studied in chapter 2, the observed rate of cooling was the same. Chapter VII describes the association reactions between silicon ions and a series of aromatic molecules (benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene). These reactions are mediated by the emission of an infrared photon, thereby termed radiative association reactions. In all three cases the silicon ion inserted into the C-H bond of the molecules as shown by the collision induced dissociation spectra of the association product ions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dunbar, Robert C.
Keywords: Infrared photophysics; gas phase ions; Fourier transform; ion cyclotron; resonance mass spectrometer
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14.
Uematsu, Kazuki.
Statistical Consistency of Ranking:Bipartite and Multipartite Cases.
Degree: PhD, Statistics, 2012, Ohio State University
► Ranking methods have important applications in many fields such as information retrieval,…
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▼ Ranking methods have important applications in many fields such as information retrieval, web search, and collaborative filtering. Understanding statistical properties of ranking is important. This thesis investigates the theoretical relation between loss criteria and the optimal ranking functions driven by the criteria in ranking. In bipartite ranking, the relation between Area Under the Curve (AUC) maximization and minimization of ranking risk under a convex loss is examined. We show that the best ranking functions under convex loss criteria produce the same ordering as the likelihood ratio of the positive category to the negative category over the instance space. The result illuminates the parallel between ranking and classification in general. For a certain class of loss functions including the exponential loss and the binomial deviance,we specify the optimal ranking function explicitly in relation to the underlying probability distribution. In addition, we point out that the SVM type method for ranking may produce potentially many ties or granularity in ranking scores due to the singularity of the hinge loss, and this could result in ranking inconsistency. Some of the results in bipartite ranking can be extended to multipartite ranking by defining a pairwise ranking loss function. Through minimization of the theoretical risk which combines pairwise ranking errors of ordinal categories with differential ranking costs, we study the consistency of multipartite ranking algorithms. The extension shows that for a certain class of convex loss functions, the optimal ranking function can be represented as a ratio of weighted conditional probability of upper categories to lower categories, where the weights are given by the misranking costs. This result also bridges traditional ranking methods such as proportional odds ratio model in statistics with algorithmic ranking methods in machine learning. Further, the analysis of multipartite ranking with different costs provides a new perspective on nonsmooth ranking measures such as the Discounted Cumulative Gain. We illustrate our findings with simulation studies and real data analysis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Yoonkyung.
Subjects: Statistics
Keywords: Learning to rank
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15.
Uffelman, Rachel Anne.
Moderation of the Relation Between Distress and Help-Seeking Intentions: An Application of Hope Theory.
Degree: PhD, Counseling Psychology, 2005, University of Akron
► Theories of psychological help-seeking consistently suggest that personal traits influence the process…
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▼ Theories of psychological help-seeking consistently suggest that personal traits influence the process of help-seeking. Research on help-seeking intentions indicates that positive attitude toward help-seeking and having sought help in the past are also related to greater intentions to seek help in the future. The role of distress in predicting help-seeking intentions is somewhat less clear, with research inconsistently supporting the relation between heightened distress and intentions to seek psychological help. The present research attempted to clarify the relation between distress and help-seeking intentions by introducing hope as defined by Hope Theory (Snyder et al., 1991) as a personal trait that may serve to moderate this relation. This cognitive theory of motivation addresses the thought processes underlying goal-directed behavior, suggesting that hope is comprised of agency and pathways thinking. It was hypothesized that distressed individuals with higher trait hope would report greater intentions to seek psychological help than distressed individuals with low levels of trait hope. It was also hypothesized that this moderating relationship would remain after accounting for the effects of attitude toward help-seeking and past help-seeking behavior. A final sample of 188 undergraduate students identified their most troubling problem and completed measures of distress, attitudes toward help-seeking, and trait iv hope. Participants also reported their intentions to engage in four increasingly committed steps in the help-seeking process, and provided information about their past help-seeking experiences. Results indicated that Agency (the perceived ability to initiate and sustain movement toward a goal), but not Pathways or Hope Scale total scores, moderated the relation between distress and help-seeking intentions. When help-seeking attitudes and past help-seeking were included, Hope Scale total scores and Agency scores both moderated the distress – intentions relation. However, these relations were in the opposite direction as hypothesized. Distressed individuals with low amounts of trait hope or hope or agency reported stronger intentions to seek help than distressed individuals with high levels of agency. Low-distress persons were similar in their intentions to seek help, regardless of their level of trait hope. Limitations of the study, implications for theory and practice, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hardin, Susan I.
Subjects: Psychology, Clinical
Keywords: Psychological help-seeking; Hope Theory; College Students
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16.
Ufholz, Kelsey Elise.
The Effect of Peers on Marital Beliefs and Expectations.
Degree: MA, Psychology, Clinical, 2012, University of Dayton
► The current study examined the effect peers have upon young adults' romantic…
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▼ The current study examined the effect peers have upon young adults' romantic beliefs, controlling for other factors known to impact romantic beliefs, such as interparental conflict. Friendship intimacy was found to be strongly associated with peers' level of influence on romance. Young adults perceived that their friends' romantic beliefs were similar to their own. Differences in beliefs were not related to friendship closeness. The relationship between closeness and influence was not moderated by romantic experience, nor was the relationship between differences in belief and closeness. The relationship between friendship intimacy and influence might vary by gender. Men perceived equal influence from their male and female friends. Women sought advice more frequently from female friends than male friends. Much of this gender effect disappeared once friendship intimacy was accounted for. Opposite gender peers did not significantly influence the realism of romantic beliefs. This research suggests that friends play a strong role in young adults' romantic beliefs, although this impact may vary based upon intimacy and gender.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dixon, Lee.
Subjects: Social Psychology
Keywords: romantic beliefs; marital beliefs; peers; young adults; realism
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17.
Ugalde, Francisca B.
A Case for Collections Management Policy for Passive Collecting Institutions.
Degree: MA, Theatre Arts-Arts Administration, 2012, University of Akron
► This paper suggests that nonprofit institutions engaged in passive collecting could benefit…
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▼ This paper suggests that nonprofit institutions engaged in passive collecting could benefit on many levels from a solid collections management policy. The instituting of an established and active policy facilitates the systematic accepting of collections of materials with cultural importance. Solid collection management policy allows for smooth transition from private to institutional care, and provides guidelines for the care, use, and public access to a collection. A collections management policy provides the organizational structure and documentation required for the collection to be used for research; it helps to validate the institution as a creditable collector in the eyes of potential donors; and it helps develop public awareness of the institution.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pope, Durand.
Subjects: Arts Management; Museums; Museum Studies
Keywords: Collections Management; Object-handling and Care; Storage; Object Life-cycle; Information and Documentation Management; Stewardship; Fundraising; Cultural Repository; Cultural Heritage; Code of Ethics
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18.
Ugueto, Ana Maria.
Psychopathy in delinquent girls: an examination of factor structure.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2005, Ohio State University
► The present study investigated the validity of the two-factor model of psychopathy…
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▼ The present study investigated the validity of the two-factor model of psychopathy in a juvenile justice sample of adolescents. Previous research conducted by Frick, O’Brien, Wootton, and McBurnett (1994) discovered that Callous and Unemotional (CU) Traits and Impulsive, Conduct Problems (ICP) best represented psychopathy in youth; these factors are correlated (r =0.50). However, this study and a subsequent study (Frick, Bodin, and Barry, 2000) that confirmed the two-factor model have limited generalizability since they were modeled on samples that were largely comprised of Caucasian males. The purpose of the current study is to test the validity of the two-factor model in a sample of Caucasian and African-American, adolescent girls. Forty-eight variables were selected from the Global Risk Assessment Device (Gavazzi, Slade, Buettner, Partridge, Yarcheck, and Andrews, 2003 ) and factor analyzed in an adjudicated sample of boys; a nine-factor model (School Problems, Sexuality, Employment, CU Traits, Parent-Child Conflict, Victimization, Internalizing Symptoms, Narcissism, and Aggression) emerged. An ICP factor was not identified, although a CU traits and a Narcissism factor were retained. The presence of a separate Narcissism factor is consistent with a three-factor model of psychopathy (Frick et al., 2000). The nine-factor structure was replicated in another sample of boys and a sample of girls in the juvenile justice system. No significant differences in model fit were found across sex; the model fit was equivalent in both samples. Behavioral correlates were invariant across sex; sexual promiscuity, aggression, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were all positively related to CU traits, as were problems in school, conflicts between children and their parents, histories of victimization, and employment difficulties. Strengths of this study include the large sample of girls (n=736, 42% of total sample) and African-Americans (n=771, 44% of total sample). Limitations include the use of a measure that was not specifically designed to capture psychopathic traits and the limited randomization of the two samples of boys.
Advisors/Committee Members: Vasey, Michael W.
Subjects: Psychology, Clinical
Keywords: PSYCHOPATHY; CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS; CONDUCT PROBLEMS; DELINQUENCY; FEMALES
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19.
Ugurdag, Hasan Fatih.
Various perspectives of loop pipelining.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 1995, Case Western Reserve University
► Loops can be a bottle-neck in many computer applications. Examples of such…
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▼ Loops can be a bottle-neck in many computer applications. Examples of such applications include industrial inspection tasks, embedded system software, and DSP algorithms. Loop pipelining (LP p) may be used to boost performance and/or reduce system cost by increasing hardware utilization. This thesis is unique in the sense that it examines LP p in a very wide spectrum. This spectrum begins with multiprocessing at the higher end, " (MiPT). MiPT is further extended to "p-timing" which adds LP p capability to high-level synthesis systems for digital design.
Advisors/Committee Members: Papachristou, Christos A.
Keywords: Loop pipelining
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20.
Ugwunwa, Gabriel M.
A system dynamics application to student enrollment forecasting.
Degree: MS, Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering (Engineering), 1980, Ohio University
A system dynamics application to student enrollment forecasting
Advisors/Committee Members: Williams, Robert L.
Subjects: Engineering, Industrial
Keywords: enrollment forecasting; DYNAMO simulation equation; curve fitting
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21.
Uhlenhake, Gregory David.
Characterization of Turbocharger Performance and Surge in a New Experimental Facility.
Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2010, Ohio State University
► The primary goal of the present study was to design, develop, and…
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▼ The primary goal of the present study was to design, develop, and construct a cold turbocharger test facility at The Ohio State University in order to measure performance characteristics under steady state operating conditions and to investigate surge for a variety of automotive turbocharger compression systems. A specific turbocharger is used for a thermodynamic analysis to determine facility capabilities and limitations as well as for the design and construction of the screw compressor, flow control, oil, and compression systems. Two different compression system geometries were incorporated. One system allowed performance measurements left of the compressor surge line, while the second system allowed for a variable plenum volume to change surge frequencies. Temporal behavior, consisting of compressor inlet, outlet, and plenum pressures as well as the turbocharger speed, is analyzed with a full plenum volume and three impeller tip speeds to identify stable operating limits and surge phenomenon. A frequency domain analysis is performed for this temporal behavior as well as for multiple plenum volumes with a constant impeller tip speed. This analysis allows mild and deep surge frequencies to be compared with calculated Helmholtz frequencies as a function of impeller tip speed and plenum volume. The steady state performance data was used as an input to a lumped parameter model which was implemented to predict the overall system dynamics during surge with simplified geometry consisting of a compressor, duct, and plenum. In addition to the comparison between the lumped parameter model and experimental results, a parametric study of the time lag constant is performed to examine its effect on the system predictions. Experimental mild surge frequencies were found to be similar to the calculated Helmholtz frequency, while deep surge frequencies were 63-82% of the Helmholtz frequency depending upon the load control valve setting. The model matched the measured plenum pressure amplitudes well; however, the predicted plenum pressure frequencies were slightly higher than the experimental results. Some of the reasons for the deviation from experimental results include map extrapolations, system inputs, and the simplifications in the model geometry relative to the experimental setup. Overall, the primary goal of developing a bench-top capability to measure steady state performance characteristics and unsteady surge was achieved, while also providing a comparison with a lumped parameter model using simplified geometries.
Advisors/Committee Members: Selamet, Ahmet.
Subjects: Acoustics; Engineering; Fluid dynamics; Mechanical engineering
Keywords: turbocharger; surge; performance; compressor; centrifugal; facility
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22.
Uhlin, Brian.
Therapist In-session Rated Facilitative Interpersonal Skills (FIS-IS) in the Psychotherapy Process.
Degree: PhD, Psychology (Arts and Sciences), 2011, Ohio University
► Therapist behavioral characteristics have been identified as important yet understudied variables in…
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▼ Therapist behavioral characteristics have been identified as important yet understudied variables in psychotherapy process and outcome research. One method that has shown some promise for measuring effective therapist interpersonal behavior is the Facilitative Interpersonal Skills (FIS) performance task analysis. Though previous research has demonstrated relationships between FIS, alliance, and outcome, it is still unknown whether the FIS can predict therapist interpersonal behavior in actual therapy settings, or whether such behavior rated in-session would also predict alliance and outcome. For this study, the Facilitative Interpersonal Skills In-Session (FIS-IS) rating instrument was developed to consider these possibilities. The FIS-IS method was used to rate therapist behavior in 45 video-taped sessions from the Ohio University Helping Relationships Study (OUHRS). This study also used archival data from the OUHRS including the Outcomes Questionnaire-45, the Working Alliance Inventory, the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems - Circumplex, the Social Skills Inventory, and Facilitative Interpersonal Skills. The FIS-IS instrument was found to be relatively convenient to use and inter-rater reliability between judges was strong. Zero-order correlation showed a significant positive relationship between the FIS-IS and the FIS performance task. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that, in the presence of client social skills, FISIS significantly predicted therapist-rated working alliance, but not client-rated working 4 alliance. FIS-IS was highly correlated with both client-rated and therapist-rated working alliance for the subsample involving trained therapists, though no such significant relationships were found for the subsample involving untrained therapists. Contrary to expectations, FIS-IS did not predict positive outcome change.
Advisors/Committee Members: Anderson, Timothy.
Subjects: Psychotherapy
Keywords: Psychotherapy Process, Therapeutic Alliance, Interpersonal Skills, Therapist Factors
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24.
Uhrig, Ashley.
A Comparison of Individual and Dyad Instruction for Spanish-Speaking Siblings.
Degree: BA, Education, 2009, Wittenberg University Honors Theses
► The goal of my study was to compare English Language Learner instruction…
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▼ The goal of my study was to compare English Language Learner instruction for Spanish-speakingsiblings when taught individually and together. The English Language Learner [ELL] field is rapidly growing; however, not a lot of research has been done in the area of ELL siblings. Through this paper I will share the findings of my study in which I worked with two pairs of Spanish-speaking siblings individually and together to determine if working with a sibling has an effect on how the students focus on the lesson (if they pay attention more, are distracted easier, etc.) and on how much information the students take from the lesson. In my study I also examined teacher, peer, administration, and parental perception of ELL instruction and teacher preparedness for working with these students.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lawson, Lora.
Subjects: Education; Language arts
Keywords: English Language Learners (ELL); English as a Second Language (ESL); Spanish; siblings
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25.
Uijt de Haag, Maarten.
An investigation into the application of block processing techniques for the Global Positioning System.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering (Engineering), 1999, Ohio University
► Digital signal processing techniques, applied to blocks of GPS samples are investigated…
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▼ Digital signal processing techniques, applied to blocks of GPS samples are investigated and tested using GPS software signal simulators and real GPS data. This dissertation discusses the conventional sequential techniques and the disadvantages of these techniques. Furthermore, effects of user-satellite dynamics, oscillator variations, and radio- frequency interference are addressed. Basic block processing approaches are discussed and subdivided into time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain methods. Three case studies are performed to prove the application of discussed block processing techniques for GPS; detection of GPS signals in environments where desired signals are strongly attenuated, tracking of GPS signals under dynamically challenging conditions, and detection and suppression of narrow-band and pulsed radio-interference.
Advisors/Committee Members: van Graas, Frank.
Keywords: user-satellite dynamics; oscillator variations; radio- frequency interference
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26.
Uitto, Denise J.
Professional Development Standards: Implementation and Challenges in Selected Ohio Schools.
Degree: EdD, College of Education, 2004, Ashland University
► Professional development offers teachers the training for new instructional practices that support…
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▼ Professional development offers teachers the training for new instructional practices that support student learning. To assist school leaders implementing professional development programs, the National Staff Development Council’s Standards for Staff Development serves as a valuable guide. This study was designed to determine the number of Ohio public schools aligned with these standards using a questionnaire, alignment schema, and scoring rubric designed by the researcher. Of the 58 Ohio public schools that participated in this study, 20 were considered aligned with the National Staff Development Council’s standards. Of the schools not aligned with these standards, the family involvement standard was typically not implemented. The major challenges experienced by school leaders when implementing professional development opportunities were resources and the change process.
Advisors/Committee Members: Flanagan Hudson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Education, Administration
Keywords: Professional Development; Staff Development; Challenges in Schools; Leadership Training
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27.
Ukidwe, Nandan Uday.
Thermodynamic input-output analysis of economic and ecological systems for sustainable engineering.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2005, Ohio State University
► Traditional methods in engineering and economics focus on economic capital while ignoring…
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▼ Traditional methods in engineering and economics focus on economic capital while ignoring the natural capital, leading to environmentally unconscious and unsustainable industrial operations. This dissertation proposes a new thermodynamic approach to address this shortcoming. The new approach, called Thermodynamic Input-Output Analysis (TIOA), calculates degradation of energy quality in the economic and ecological stages of a process’ or product’s supply network. The energy quality is measured in terms of exergy or available energy. TIOA synthesizes natural and human resource and emission data from various public domain databases. It uses concepts from systems ecology to determine exergy flows in the ecological stages and economic input-output analysis to determine exergy flows in the economic stages of a supply network. This dissertation applies TIOA to analyze 91-sector 1992 and 488-sector 1997 representations of the US economy. It calculates natural capital throughputs of individual industry sectors in terms of their Ecological Cumulative Exergy Consumption (ECEC). It also juxtaposes natural capital throughputs with economic capital throughputs by calculating ECEC/money ratios. These ratios indicate the discrepancy between thermodynamic work and the willingness of people to pay for economic goods and services. ECEC/money ratios are found to decrease from basic infrastructure industries to value-added service industries suggesting that the service industries are better at valuing ecosystem contribution than resource extraction and manufacturing industries. These results have important implications to designing sustainable macroeconomic policies. The industry-specific ECEC/money and ICEC/money ratios are a major improvement over single economy-wide emergy/$ ratio in emergy analysis and similar aggregate metrics in thermoeconomics. Such industry specific ratios are useful in hybrid thermodynamic analysis of industrial systems and provide a unique insight into their environmental implications. This has been illustrated by comparing alternative electricity generation systems. Industry specific ECEC/money and ICEC/money ratios are also useful in constructing hierarchical thermodynamic metrics of sustainability. Such metrics are stackable, robust, and communicable to diverse stake-holders. In the end, this dissertation proposes a multiscale statistical data fusion framework for Life Cycle Inventory analysis. Such framework ensures maximum utilization of available data and models, and can identify missing data, reconcile conflicting data and determine confidence bounds on LCA results by incorporating stochastic and subjective knowledge.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bakshi, Bhavik R.
Keywords: Process Systems Engineering, Industrial Ecology, Environmental Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainable Engineering
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28.
Ukil, Leena.
Isolation of copy number suppressors of the nimA1kinase and mitotic regulation of nucleolar structure in Aspergillus nidulans.
Degree: PhD, Molecular Genetics, 2007, Ohio State University
► Regulation of cell cycle is critical for normal development of multicellular organisms…
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▼ Regulation of cell cycle is critical for normal development of multicellular organisms and an understanding of this process is crucial for studying cell proliferation and cancer. A number of cell cycle dependent protein kinases specifically control mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. The nimAgene in Aspergillus nidulansencodes one such protein kinase that is both required and sufficient for chromosome condensation, spindle formation and nuclear pore disassembly to allow tubulin and regulators to enter nuclei during mitosis. In the filamentous fungus A. nidulans, the NIMA kinase is required for the regulation of mitosis along with CDK1/cyclin B. Levels of NIMA are regulated throughout the cell cycle, reaching a maximum at mitotic entry and falling dramatically at mitotic exit. The essential function of NIMA in A. nidulansand the growing recognition of its function in other eukaryotes, means that a study of NIMA function would reveal unique insights into cell cycle regulation among a broad range of organisms. I describe here the characterization of 3 novel genes mcnA, mcnBand mcnC, multi-copy number suppressors of the nimA1conditional mutant, identified in a copy number suppression screen of the nimA1mutant, and describe the potential novel roles they may play in mitotic regulation. I also present a study on the mitotic segregation of the nucleolus in A. nidulans. The nucleolus is a prominent nuclear structure whose mitotic segregation is poorly understood. In A. nidulansnuclei, mitosis is a partially open process and the nucleolus segregates through a completely novel mechanism. Unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae, few A. nidulansnucleolar proteins segregate with DNA. Instead during DNA segregation, a double pinch of the NE occurs resulting in the formation of two daughter nuclei and a central cytoplasmic structure, the nuclear remnant, containing the nucleolus. While the NOR segregates with DNA, the bulk of nucleolar proteins remain distinct in the cytoplasm within the nuclear remnant. It is only during late telophase/early G1 that the nucleolar proteins from the remnant begin to undergo a sequential disassembly and reassembly into the daughter nuclei resulting in the formation of two functional daughter nucleoli by a step-wise process.
Advisors/Committee Members: Osmani, Stephen A.
Keywords: NIMA; copy number suppressor; nucleolus
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29.
Ukizintambara, Tharcisse.
Forest Edge Effects on the Behavioral Ecology of L'Hoest's Monkey (Cercopithecus lhoesti) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda.
Degree: PhD, Antioch New England: Environmental Studies, 2010, Antioch University
► Forest edges are associated with forest edge effects that result from changes…
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▼ Forest edges are associated with forest edge effects that result from changes in physical features of the habitat, predator species and number, and prominence of human activities and other disturbances that can have direct or indirect impact on the distribution, ecology, and fitness of forest plant and animal species. I conducted a literature review on edge effects on primate species and came up with a classification of primate species in three general categories " thriving, sensitive and resilient species to edge effects " based on behavioral and demographic responses.In Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, edge effects followed non-monotonic patterns (wave-like) most likely due to the additive influence of edge effects, the history of logging in the area, and the persistent human activities and other disturbances. Such edge effects were more detectable in vegetation canopy cover and density and distribution of pioneer plant species whose dominance could increase or decrease up to 400 m from the park boundary towards the interior of the forest. Such distance, however, can vary considerably depending on variables examined. L'Hoest's monkeys living along the edge of the Bwindi forest did not appear to be more affected behaviorally by edge effects than an interior group. Both groups spent relatively equivalent amount of time on major behavioral activities such as feeding, travelling and resting. Socializing was significantly less in the edge group compared with the interior group and that is likely to have a detrimental effect on the edge group cohesion. A correlation was found between the abundance of plant food species and the amount of time l'Hoest's monkeys spent feeding on these plant food species along the forest boundary while monkeys of the interior group fed on different items regardless of their abundance. The edge group had also a larger home range than the interior group especially because they expanded it during crop raiding or feeding on native vegetation in fallows outside the park. Crop raiding was a very risky activity during which l'Hoest's monkeys experienced fatal confrontations with local farmers. Although early work suggested that forest edges were beneficial to wildlife, this study has concluded that forest edges in Bwindi can be ecological traps or sink areas for the edge-resilient l'Hoest's monkey species whose edge groups rely on immigration from the interior forest groups to survive and cope with disturbances and threats associated with forest edges.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kaplin, Beth.
Subjects: Environmental science
Keywords: Forest edge effects; behavioral ecology; habitat characteristics; crop raiding, l'Hoest's monkeys; Bwindi Impenetrable forest; Uganda
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30.
Ukockis, Gail L.
Informal HIV/AIDS caregivers: A study of their decision-making, experiences, and perspectives.
Degree: PhD, Social Work, 2007, Ohio State University
► This research seeks to explore the informal HIV/AIDS caregivers’ experiences to better…
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▼ This research seeks to explore the informal HIV/AIDS caregivers’ experiences to better understand how they decide to take on the role of caregiver, how they cope with the stigma of caring for an HIV-positive person, and their level of comfort negotiating the social service systems on behalf of the care receiver. Currently there is a research gap on informal HIV/AIDS caregiving. Since 1996, the introduction of antiretroviral medications extended the lives of HIV-positive individuals. This has changed the nature of HIV/AIDS caregiving from a short-term acute situation to long-term intermittent care, thus making the role of caregivers even more complex. Without adequate understanding of the nature of the informal caregiving experiences, local and state policymakers do not recognize the need for more support for caregivers. Another research gap is the racial/ethnic aspects, since African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos have disproportionate rates of HIV infection. This research will help HIV/AIDS service organizations and other social service organizations to learn more about caregivers and caregiver burden, thus leading to better coordination of services. No national data exists on the number of informal HIV/AIDS caregivers, but local data from the AIDS Taskforce of Greater Cleveland and Columbus AIDS Taskforce indicates that nearly half of their clients depend on caregiving. Although the antiretroviral medications are effective in reducing the AIDS mortality rate, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has affected the health of many HIV-positive persons. This research study of caregiving, conducted in the antiretroviral era, revealed that the number of hours committed to caregiving was a mean of 20.68 hours/week with the median of 15 hours. Not only were there a high number of IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) performed for each receiver (mean of 6.46 and median of 6), but also over half of the care receivers (56.8%) received assistance with at least one ADL (Activity of Daily Living). This indicates that informal HIV/AIDS caregiving is often a part-time job with an intense level of care. Another finding was the high preponderance of males as HIV/AIDS caregivers who did not fit the stereotype of the gay white male taking care of his partner.
Advisors/Committee Members: Balaswamy, Shantha.
Subjects: Social Work
Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Caregiving
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