1835 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [62]
1.
RAABE, ERIC HUTTON.
Functional and Biochemical Analysis of a Novel SNF2 Factor.
Degree: PhD, Medicine : Molecular and Developmental Biology, 2002, University of Cincinnati
► A project designed to identify genes involved in the control of cell…
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▼ A project designed to identify genes involved in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) led to the cloning of a novel member of the SNF2 (sucrose non-fermenter) family, a group of proteins that remodels chromatin and functions in transcription, repair, recombination, and methylation. This newly cloned gene was named Proliferation-Associated SNF2-like Gene (PASG). Based on PASG's homology to DDM1 - a plant SNF2 factor involved in DNA methylation - PASG was hypothesized to be the core ATPase of a chromatin-remodeling complex that facilitates DNA methylation and affects the transcription of genes essential for cell proliferation. Northern blots and in situ hybridization show that PASG mRNA is highly expressed in proliferating cells and is downregulated in quiescent cells. Overexpression of wild-type PASG decreases cell proliferation in vitro . Overexpression of an altered form of PASG (DSTRAGGL) found in AML and ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia) has an even greater inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. Cells transfected with wild-type or DSTRAGGL PASG have increased levels of apoptosis. These results suggest PASG functions in cell proliferation and can interact with the cellular apoptotic machinery. Western blots using anti-PASG antisera show that PASG exists in two predominant isoforms, both of which are targeted to the nucleus, and which are present in varying ratios in different cell types. DNAseI and micrococcal nuclease digestion of isolated nuclei show that these forms are differentially targeted within the nucleus, suggesting that the two forms of PASG have discrete functions. Immunocytochemistry shows that PASG is a nuclear protein during interphase, but during mitosis PASG is released from chromatin and is dispersed throughout the cell. Western blots show that the higher molecular weight form of PASG decreases in abundance at M-phase, while the lower molecular weight form remains unchanged, suggesting that the loss of the higher molecular weight form is linked to the release of PASG from chromatin during mitosis. These results constitute the initial molecular and biochemical characterization of PASG and provide insights into the role of this SNF2 factor in cell proliferation and leukemogenesis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Arceci, Dr. Robert.
Keywords: Methylation; SNF2; Cancer; Chromatin; Mouse development
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2.
Raab, Marianne Fisher.
DO FIRST-YEAR COMPOSITION COURSES BENEFIT BUSINESS STUDENTS?.
Degree: MA, English, 2010, University of Dayton
► The primary purpose of this thesis is to explore the effectiveness of…
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▼ The primary purpose of this thesis is to explore the effectiveness of first-year composition courses for business students. In order to assess whether first-year composition courses address the skills students need for success in academia and as business majors, two business faculty members at each of three universities in the South are interviewed, comparing their desired skills for college students with the skills actually taught at the same universities through interviews conducted with two First-Year English Composition Faculty at each school. This is a complex area of study for English and Business Faculty, and while many faculty interviewed agreed on the importance of some current FYC objectives, including coherent and clear writing, the study identifies other objectives that must be included and/or reprioritized in future composition syllabi for business students. This paper identifies grammar and Internet citation skills as requiring more emphasis among a plethora of perceptions about writing held by those interviewed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bardine, Bryan.
Subjects: Business Administration; Composition
Keywords: First-Year Composition; FYC; effectiveness for business students; writing skills; undergraduate composition courses; writing instruction; grammar instruction in college
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3.
Raab, Staci R.
Characterization of Antibodies to Subcellular Fractions of Skeletal Muscles in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis and Autoimmune Rippling Muscle Disease.
Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 1999, Youngstown State University
► Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by…
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▼ Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by muscle weakness aafter resting, and electrically "silent" wave-like contractions of skeletal muscle activated by percussion or stretch. In 1995, Carl Ansevin M.D. diagnosed a patient with rippling muscle disease associated with myasthenia gravis (MG) (Ansevin and Agmanolis, 1996). This patient had no family history of RMD and experienced a disappearance of RMD symptoms after a thymectomy that RMD associated with MG may have an autoimmune origin. From western blot examination of sera from this patient and sera from other MG patients at varying severity levels (both with and without the RMD component) it was shown that MG/RMD patients displayed immunoreactivity to a skeletal muscle protein 66-97 kDa in size as well as immunoreactivity to proteins with molecular weights of 200 kDa and 300-500 kDa. Western blot analysis of MG/RMD patients' sera displayed immunoreactivity with T-tubular membranes of rat skeletal muscle. However, this same immunoreactivity was also shown in a patient without the rippling muscle component thus indicating that these antibodies may be due to the MG, not the rippling muscle component. Sarcoplasmic reticular fractions of rat skeletal muscle did not display any immunoreactivity to MG/RMD patient sera.
Advisors/Committee Members: Walker, Gary R.
Subjects: Biology, Anatomy
Keywords: Rippling muscle disease
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4.
Raaf, Jennifer Lynne.
A Measurement of the Neutrino Neutral Current π0 Cross Section at MiniBooNE.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Physics, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► The MiniBooNE neutrino beam and detector at Fermilab are used to study…
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▼ The MiniBooNE neutrino beam and detector at Fermilab are used to study the production of neutral current π0 events. The cross sections for neutrino interactions with mineral oil (CH2 ) are reported for resonantly produced and coherently produced single π0 events. We measure a resonant single π0 cross section of σ(νμN → νμN π0) = (0.0129 ± 0.0011(stat.) ± 0.0043(syst.)) × 10-36 cm2 / CH2 at a mean neutrino energy of 1.26 GeV. We measure a coherent single π0 cross section of σ(νμA → νμA π0) = (0.00077 ± 0.00016(stat.) ± 0.00036(syst.)) × 10-36 cm2 / CH2 at mean neutrino energy 1.12 GeV.
Advisors/Committee Members: Johnson, Dr. Randy A.
Keywords: neutrino; neutral current; cross section; single pion; resonant; coherent; flux-averaged
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5.
Raavi, Venkata Suresh.
A Novel Approach to Dilemma Zone Problem for High Speed Signalized Intersections.
Degree: MS, Civil Engineering, 2010, University of Akron
► Safety and efficiency are both major concern at high-speed intersections. It has…
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▼ Safety and efficiency are both major concern at high-speed intersections. It has been a major challenge for Traffic Engineers over the years to increase efficiency without sacrificing delay. An IntelliDrive signal control system was developed in the University of Akron's Transportation lab based on the concept of IntelliDrive technology that can improve safety significantly while retaining efficiency. The new intelligent signal control system can address the dynamic dilemma zone problem, thus providing maximum safety at intersections. Every vehicle in the system is addressed to its own dilemma boundary rather than addressing dilemma zone for the whole intersection approach. By obtaining advance speed information, vehicle classification, vehicle location from the stop line, for every vehicle for every second in the system in real time, unneeded extensions can be avoided. Thus the intersection not only operates more safely, but also more efficiently because of the proposed algorithm logic that utilizes IntelliDrive technology. IntelliDrive test bed was created in VISSIM simulation platform and tested for operational efficiency when safety criteria are met. This thesis also discusses the characteristics of the Peak Flow Factor (PFF) which is the ratio between peak hourly volume and peak flow rate within the hour. Despite the fact that the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) requires use of this ratio in evaluating the Levels of Service (LOS) of roadway facilities, a very limited amount of prior research has been made on its variability. Subsequently, the HCM established a time interval of 15 minutes for obtaining the peak flow rate without much explanation on why this time interval was chosen. In order to investigate the PFF's effectiveness for representing the variation of flow within peak hour, this research focuses on PFF analysis and time series models of the PFF at various time intervals for signalized isolated intersections. Results showed that the PFF decreased when time interval decreased and that significant differences in the stability were apparent when each time interval were compared. In addition, the developed time series models showed the the PFF can be forecasted with relative accuracy and simulation models within this study demonstrated the test results from data are dependable.
Advisors/Committee Members: Yi, Ping.
Subjects: Civil engineering; Transportation
Keywords: Dilemma Zone; Intellidrive Technology; Vissim; Peak Flow Factor; Time Series Models
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6.
Rabab'ah, Samer Rateb.
INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF FREE DRAINING BASE AND SUBBASE MATERIALS UNDER FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2007, University of Akron
► Providing adequate drainage to a pavement system has been considered as an…
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▼ Providing adequate drainage to a pavement system has been considered as an important design consideration to prevent premature failures due to water related problems such as pumping action, loss of support, and rutting, among others. As a result, permeable bases with drainage efficiency and structural stability characteristics have been widely used by several state DOTs in the design and construction of pavements. The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) has adopted several types of materials specification for use as permeable bases: (a) unbounded base materials including: 307-IA,307-NJ, and 307-CE types, (b) stabilized base materials including: cement and asphalt treated base types. The main objective of this research is to study the performance of different permeable base materials used by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). Field monitored data combined with laboratory result data are used to determine the drainage efficiency of different permeable base materials used by ODOT. Analysis using Multi-Layer Linear Elastic Analysis (MLEA) and data obtained from field backcalculated resilient modulus are used to predict pavement service life for pavement section with different permeable base materials. To account for effect of environmental factors in pavement design, the Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model was used to predict temperature, moisture and frost depth data at the Project Site, Ohio. Comparisons were made between the predicted and measured moisture contents and temperature along the depth of pavement sections as well as frost depth at different times during the simulation period. Analysis was conducted to study the caracterization of permeable base materials in the new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Flexible pavement designs and performance derived from the MEPDG approach are compared for different base materials over a range of asphalt concrete layer thicknesses, base materials, subgrade and other material properties. As shown consistently in this study, the impact of unbound materials layer on performance as predicted by the MEPDG methodology is less pronounced than the impact of asphalt concrete layer. Based on the concept of effective stress of unsaturated soils, the matric suction of soil was shown to be an important state variable for predicting moisture-dependent resilient modulus of cohesive soils. A prediction model is proposed and shown to be capable of predicting the resilient modulus of cohesive soils over a range of stress states and water content. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated against experimental data of A-4 and A-6 soils as well as other data available in the literature. Movement of water through the different pavement sections at the project site was modeled by the finite element method (FEM). FEM modeling taking into consideration of both saturated and unsaturated flow appears to be capable of predicting water content regime in pavement layers (base, subbase, and subgrade), as demonstrated in this study when comparing with field moisture monitoring results. Accurate simulation of the boundary and initial conditions, together with representative soil water characteristic curves and the hydraulic conductivity curves for each material, resulted in accurate predictions that match with the measured field results.
Advisors/Committee Members: Liang, Robert Y.
Subjects: Engineering, Civil
Keywords: permeable base, resilient modulus, pavement drainage, environmental factors, service life, EICM, moisture variation, MEPDG, unsaturated soil.
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7.
Rabb, David J.
The spherical fourier cell and application for true-time delay.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2008, Ohio State University
► In this dissertation a new optical system is introduced, called a Spherical…
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▼ In this dissertation a new optical system is introduced, called a Spherical Fourier Cell. The Spherical Fourier Cell was originally developed in an effort to further compact an optical true-time delay system. The Fourier Cell could be used for a number of optical signal processing applications, but here the focus is on its application for true-time delay. The optical configuration for the system is given and properties explained, including delay optics. A bulk optic design is given with modeling results for a system with 900 input beams, providing 64 delays from 0 to 19.7 ns, in a volume of 54 cubic inches. A simplified version of the bulk optic system implementing two of six possible delay paths is designed for a bench top system demonstration. Measurements of delays, loss and crosstalk are given. In an effort to make fabrication of a full design more feasible, a micro-fabricated approach is introduced. This reduces the number of components from ~400 to three wafers with surfaces etched on them. The system provides 576 elements 64 delays from 0 to 9.85 ns, in a volume of 15 cubic inches. Variations of the design are given with modeling results, as well as preliminary system tolerances.
Advisors/Committee Members: Anderson, Betty Lise.
Keywords: optical time delay, Fourier optics, optical signal processing, phased array antennas
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8.
Rabb, Savelas.
The investigation of high performance techniques and application to complex matrices using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry and the impact of urbanization on the Scioto River system.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2005, Ohio State University
► Simultaneous, time-correlated internal standardization and drift correction can provide concentration uncertainties on…
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▼ Simultaneous, time-correlated internal standardization and drift correction can provide concentration uncertainties on the order of 0.1% (typically 5 - 10%) in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). All measurement error resulting from the instrument can essentially be removed limiting the concentration uncertainties to the precision on a balance. Matrix effects in ICP-OES as large as 25% could be overcome with the assistance of the common analyte internal standard (CAIS) method. Concentration uncertainties were observed on the order of 0.1 - 0.2% for the analytes in a variety of synthetic matrices as well as alloy (e.g. stainless steel, Zn-Al) standards. The high precision, high accuracy technique was also used in conjunction with standard additions to provide 0.1 - 0.2% for analysis of samples that could not be compared with certified reference materials or the sample matrix was too complex for CAIS to correct appropriately. The Nb-Al alloys and geological standards were observed to be similar (within 1 - 5%) to recommended values and reproducible among the different sample aliquots. The first reported characterizations of the novel parallel path nebulizer were higher in transport efficiencies (3.2%) than the concentric (2.6%) and conespray nebulizers (1.4%), especially compared to the cyclone spray chamber. However, mean sensitivities for the parallel path nebulizers were generally similar to the concentric nebulizers. This could be due to cooling of the plasma from more efficient transport of analyte and solvent to the ICP by the parallel path nebulizer. The parallel path nebulizer has proven to be a worthy candidate for providing sensitivities similar to concentrics with the immunity of clogging observed by Burgener of conespray nebulizers. Dissolved trace element concentrations were measured at 14 locations along the Scioto River system to assess the impact of urbanization. The impact of metropolitan Columbus on the Scioto River System appears to be minor compared to Atlanta on the Chattahoochee River. Correlations suggest that upstream areas are primarily influenced by geology, although landuse in these areas can be 90% agricultural. The most prominent increases in the trace element concentrations were observed downstream of Columbus in the Scioto River at Commercial Point, OH. These increases are due to sewage effluent from treatment plants located within 10 km upstream of Commercial Point. The trace elements will likely adsorb to sediment and precipitate out.
Advisors/Committee Members: Olesik, Susan.
Subjects: Chemistry, Analytical
Keywords: ICP spectrometry, matrix effects, chemometrics, Scioto River
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9.
Rabe, Justin.
Art to Architecture: Translating Sol LeWitt.
Degree: M. Arch., Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of), 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Architecture is an art, albeit a functional art. The fine arts have…
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▼ Architecture is an art, albeit a functional art. The fine arts have fewer functional constraints, allowing them to explore ideas and test concepts more easily. Architecture can learn from these explorations and adopt proven concepts. To demonstrate, three key components of the artist Sol LeWitt's work are taken as a source of inspiration for an architectural design project. The first is a focus on the underlying concept of the work, rather than its physical nature. The second is the use of serial works that are generated from the concept. The third is the elimination of any aspects of the work that detract from the concept. The result is architecture that is able to engage its users on a conceptual level, while still satisfying its functional requirements. This is demonstrated in the design of a new engineering building for the Washington University Campus.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sansalone, Vincent.
Subjects: Architecture
Keywords: LeWitt, conceptual, architecture, series
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10.
Rabelo, Ana Carolina D.
The Clean Development Mechanism and its Potential as a Development Tool: A Socio-Economic Study of Communities Hosting Projects in Brazil.
Degree: MA, International Studies - Latin America, 2005, Ohio University
► This study maps, measures, and analyzes the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism…
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▼ This study maps, measures, and analyzes the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) at a local-level in Brazil based on its relationship to regional inequality. The central question asked is whether CDM projects are biased toward more developed Brazilian communities, thus reinforcing national inequalities. A hypothesis test is developed based on sixteen CDM projects located in twenty-four Brazilian municipalities. The development reference adopted is the United Nation’s Municipal Human Development Index (HDI). The results indicate that CDM projects are biased toward more developed Brazilian municipalities, especially in terms of health, income, and education.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chimeli, Ariaster.
Subjects: History, Latin American
Keywords: Clean Development Mechanism; Kyoto Protocol; Latin America - Brazil; Community Development; International Development; Inequality - Income Distribution
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12.
RABENHORST, ARTHUR E.
Differences in Outcomes after Spinal Cord Stimulator Device Placement in the Ohio Board of Workers' Compensation.
Degree: MS, Medicine : Occupational Medicine, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) is used to treat certain types of chronic…
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▼ Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) is used to treat certain types of chronic pain. It involves an electrical generator delivering pulses to a targeted spinal cord area. Leads are implanted by laminectomy, subcutaneously or percutaneously, and power is supplied by implanted battery or external transmitter. One possible mechanism of SCS is Melzack and Wall's "Gate Control Theory" describing how stimulation of large fibers closes the gate to stimuli reception by small pain fibers. Complications are relatively common after stimulator placement and most commonly include technical failures (battery failure, device failure, electrode failure, electrode slip, generator failure, and hardware malfunction). Biological complications include infection, spinal fluid leakage, headaches, bladder problems, and psychological intolerance. Rarely, allergic response to the implant occurs. A few studies have investigated complication types and predictors, but none involved a workers' compensation claimant cohort. This analysis was undertaken to determine the complication rates and predictors using such a cohort.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ross, Clara Sue.
Subjects: Biomedical research; Health care; Neurology; Occupational safety
Keywords: spinal cord stimulation; SCS; Gate Control Theory; workers' compensation; chronic pain; Ohio; OBWC
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13.
Raber, Erica Candace.
SPATIAL RESOLUTION CHARACTERIZATION OF IMAGES TAKEN FROM A CAPILLARY-BASED HIGH PRESSURE CHAMBER FOR BIOLOGICAL IMAGING STUDIES.
Degree: MS, Physics, 2006, Miami University
► A capillary based high pressure chamber for biological fluorescence imaging is presented…
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▼ A capillary based high pressure chamber for biological fluorescence imaging is presented where a quartz capillary serves as both an optical window and the mechanical support. We demonstrate the pressure holding abilities of two capillaries of varying dimensions. We measure the point spread function of two capillaries and a flat slide for comparison. Spatial deconvolution uses the measured point spread function to restore images of microspheres. We find that there is significant spread laterally and axially in the measured point spread function for the 1.0mm OD x 0.8mm ID capillary and 1.0mm OD x 0.8mm ID capillary with a significant asymmetry in the lateral directions. We investigate image improvement laterally and axially after deconvolution with measured and calculated point spread functions. We find that the lateral resolution improves significantly with the use of deconvolution, however, neither the calculated nor the measured point spread functions systematically produce a better result.
Advisors/Committee Members: Urayama, Paul K.
Subjects: Physics, General
Keywords: Spatial Resolution; Point Spread Function; Deconvolution; High Pressure Chamber
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14.
Rabe, Richard L.
Corona discharge effects on the interfacial adhesion in a sheath-core type composite fiber.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering (Engineering), 1989, Ohio University
► Corona discharge treatment is frequently used to enhance the adhesion between laminations,…
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▼ Corona discharge treatment is frequently used to enhance the adhesion between laminations, coatings, and inks to polymeric films and metal foils. This investigation concerns the application of corona discharge treatment to the enhancement of the interfacial adhesion in viscose / nylon-66 and viscose rayon / polyester (PET) sheath-core type composite fibers. Nylon-66 and polyester (PET) core fibers were pretreated in dry air and dry nitrogen coronas prior to coating (in-line) with a viscose rayon solution (sodium cellulose xanthate) and regeneration of the (cellulosic) viscose rayon. Corona power levels of 100, 250, and 400 watts were used in conjunction with line speeds of 0.43, 0.54, and 0.66 meters per second. The path length through the corona was 25.4 centimeters. Uncoated, corona-treated samples were analyzed to determine the effects of the corona discharge on the morphology, wettability, surface radical density, linear density, and tensile properties of the core fibers. Morphological studies were conducted using scanning electron microscopy. Wettability was measured by means of a modified Washburn technique, and reported in terms of the cosine of the (liquid-solid) contact angle. Surface radical density was measured indirectly by measuring the depletion of a free radical scavenger from a solution through which the fibers were passed. Linear density and tensile properties were measured in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Significance of the effects of corona power and line speed on core fiber properties was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS version 5.08. Coated samples were analyzed to determine the effects of corona discharge treatment on the interfacial adhesion between the core fibers and rayon coating and on the cohesive integrity of the coating. Interfacial adhesion was measured by means of a single fiber pullout test, and reported as an adhesion number which was defined as the average interfacial shear strength between the rayon coating and a corona pretreated core fiber relative to that of an un (corona) treated core fiber coated at the same line speed. The cohesive integrity of the coating was measured following American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) guidelines for the abrasion resistance of fabrics, and was reported in terms of per cent weight loss of the rayon coating from a given sample. Linear density and tensile properties of the coated fibers were measured in accordance with ASTM standards. Significance of the effects of corona power and line speed on interfacial adhesion and coated fiber properties was also determined by ANOVA using SAS version 5.08. Results indicate that corona discharge can be used to enhance the adhesion between a viscose rayon coating and nylon-66 or polyester (PET) core fibers without detracting from the mechanical properties of the core fibers. Single fiber pullout tests indicate that the adhesion between the rayon coating and nylon-66 core fiber can be doubled in magnitude, and the adhesion between the rayon coating and polyester (PET) core fiber can be increased as much as sixfold. It is apparent from the results that the enhancement in adhesion is related to an increase in surface radical density on the core fibers, rather than to changes in morphology or wettability. It is also apparent that although adhesion is enhanced as a result of the corona discharge treatment, the effects are limited to the interface, and no enhancement in the cohesive integrity of the coating occurs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Collier, John R.
Subjects: Engineering, Chemical
Keywords: Corona discharge; interfacial adhesion; sheath-core type; composite fiber; interfacial adhesion; Washburn technique
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15.
Rabe, Richard L.
Drag and pressure die flow effects on the production and properties of a Rayon-Nylon skin-core type composite fiber.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering (Engineering), 1987, Ohio University
► Viscose Rayon/Nylon-6 biconstituent fibers of the sheath-core type were produced in a…
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▼ Viscose Rayon/Nylon-6 biconstituent fibers of the sheath-core type were produced in a wire coating type process at line speeds of 84 and 130 feet per minute and viscose feed pressures of 2.7 and 4.4 psi with a nylon-6 core fiber of 25 microns diameter. The fibers produced exhibited rayon coating thicknesses ranging from 1.5 to 7.2 microns, and linear densities ranging from 2.23 to 3.80 tex. The fibers were tested for moisture regain, tenacity, elongation to break, elastic modulus, and toughness. Empirical linear models were tested to determine if the (above) properties of the composite fiber were mass fraction weighted linear combinations of the properties of the individual components. Results indicated that the coated fibers exhibited a significant increase in moisture regain over the uncoated nylon-6 fiber, and that the moisture regain could be effectively modeled as a linear combination of the regains of the components. Tensile test results indicated that the tenacity and toughness of the composite fiber were significantly less than for the uncoated nylon-6, while elongation to break and elastic modulus were not significantly different. Only toughness was not successfully modeled as a linear combination of the corresponding properties of the pure components.
Advisors/Committee Members: Collier, John R.
Subjects: Engineering, Chemical
Keywords: Drag and Pressure Die Flow Effects; Rayon-Nylon Skin-Core; Sheath-Core
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16.
Rabideau, Erin M.
The Role of Defensive Pessimism and Anxiety in Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.
Degree: MS, Clinical Psychology (Arts and Sciences), 2011, Ohio University
► Defensive pessimism is a strategy used by individuals to manage anxiety symptoms…
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▼ Defensive pessimism is a strategy used by individuals to manage anxiety symptoms that facilitates success in an upcoming event. There are currently no studies examining the role of defensive pessimism in affecting glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes. Individuals with diabetes are more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety than those without diabetes, which can interfere with diabetes health. The purpose of the current study was to explore the role of defensive pessimism as a moderator in the relationship between anxiety and glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes. Adults with type 1 diabetes (n = 41) completed self-report measures prior to an upcoming diabetes-related doctor’s appointment. Results indicated that defensive pessimism was not a moderator in the relationship between trait anxiety and average daily self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) testing frequency, nor was it a moderator in the relationship between trait anxiety and HbA1c.
Advisors/Committee Members: Weeks, Justin.
Subjects: Clinical Psychology
Keywords: Anxiety; Type 1 Diabetes; HbA1c; Blood Glucose Testing Frequency
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17.
Rabinovich, Michael.
Sheet molding compound (SMC) processing : spiral flow test and physical properties.
Degree: MS, Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2004, Ohio State University
► Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) is a fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite. SMC…
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▼ Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) is a fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite. SMC has a high strength to density ratio as well as good resistance to corrosion, which is why it is often preferred over steel in applications, where minimizing the weight is an issue. SMC is often employed in the automotive, aerospace, marine, and industrial/consumer industries. There is a demand in the SMC industry to be able to understand and predict SMC behavior during the molding process and improve physical properties of SMC. The spiral flow tool was developed to help understand the SMC behavior during molding. This thesis concentrates on applying the SMC flow models developed by Abrams and Castro to obtain a mathematical model for the specific case of flow in the spiral flow tool and experimentally testing the model predictions. In efforts to capture some of the desired physical properties of carbon reinforced SMC at a cost below that of carbon SMC, a new method that employs interchanging glass and carbon plies to make up the SMC charge was used.The spiral flow tool used in this research has a data acquisition system that is capable of recording the pressure and temperature of the SMC at several places throughout the length, as well as the hydraulic force and part thickness, all with respect to time. Conservation of mass was used to derive a relationship between the instantaneous part thickness and the flow length, which is capable of predicting the flow length of the SMC approximately within an inch. The SMC flow in the spiral tool could be broken down into three stages, including the filling of the square section of the mold, the flow until the hydraulic force reaches its maximum value, and the flow after the maximum force has been reached. Historically, flat plate molding was used for obtaining SMC parameters. This research proposes an alternative way of obtaining the same material parameters by employing the spiral flow tool. Abrams-Castro 1-directional flow model was used to predict the force in the first stage of the SMC flow. A mathematical model was developed to represent the second stage of the SMC flow by dividing the spiral flow geometry into three, more manageable sections. The mathematical model from the second stage could also be applied to the third stage of the SMC flow in order to predict the part thickness and the closing speed. The mathematical model under predicted the closing speed with respect to actual experiments. An attempt was made to determine the temperature dependency of the resistance to extension, but due to its sensitivity, inconsistent results were found. The lubricating layer was found to be the most influential material parameter during molding, as concluded by Castro and Abrams.Ply mixing of the carbon-glass SMC was successfully done to improve physical properties of glass reinforced material by substituting in carbon reinforced plies of SMC. Ply position was found to influence SMC's physical properties. Positioning carbon SMC in the center of the charge produced best physical properties.
Advisors/Committee Members: Castro,, Jose M.
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18.
Rabinowitz, Amanda M.
Clearing the Silence: The Rise of Clear Channel Communications and the Fall of Public Opinion.
Degree: MA, Communication, 2008, University of Akron
► The purpose of this thesis was to analyze WJER-FM Radio, Inc. in…
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▼ The purpose of this thesis was to analyze WJER-FM Radio, Inc. in rural Dover, Ohio, which is one of the few small-market independent stations in the country, as it changes ownership to Clear Channel Communications. Clear Channel owns more than 1,200 stations in the country. Lack of diversity of ownership silences public opinion and jeopardizes democracy through Clear Channel's monopoly on the airwaves and lack of social responsibility for the communities it serves. The research gauged the opinions and perceptions of current and former WJER employees and community members to determine what impact, if any, the corporation had on public opinion.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, N.J.
Subjects: Mass media
Keywords: Clear Channel, public opinon, radio
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20.
Rabquer, Brqadley James.
The Immune Response to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pneumococcal Polysaccharides.
Degree: PhD, College of Graduate Studies, 2006, University of Toledo Health Science Campus
► Streptococcus pneumoniae is a worldwide pathogen that colonizes the human nasopharynx. Pneumococcal…
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▼ Streptococcus pneumoniae is a worldwide pathogen that colonizes the human nasopharynx. Pneumococcal vaccines have been developed which exploit the major virulence factor of S. pneumoniae, the capsular polysaccharide (PPS). Recently, research has begun to examine the variable region repertoire elicited by PPS vaccination in order to understand the structure-function relationship of anti-PPS antibodies. The majority of these studies have isolated PPS-specific B cells seven days post-vaccination, when PPS-specific B cells are most abundant. These studies have revealed restricted variable gene usage and considerable somatic mutations, indicative of a memory response. Although the mechanism of hypermutation produced in response to T cell independent (TI) antigens such as PPS remains to elucidated, somatic hypermutation continues to increase past seven days post-vaccination in response to T cell dependent (TD) antigens. Moreover, it has not been demonstrated that isolating PPS-specific B cells at seven days post-vaccination reflects long-term protective serum anti-PPS antibodies. We hypothesized that B cells isolated between 4-6 weeks post-vaccination reflect the physiologically relevant serum antibody response. Our results demonstrated differential variable gene usage between PPS-specific B cells isolated at 5-10 days and 4-6 weeks post-vaccination. In addition, light chain isotype analysis suggested that PPS-specific B cells isolated 5-10 days post-vaccination reflect the serum anti-PPS antibody at both 5-10 days and 4-6 weeks post-vaccination. Therefore, PPS-specific B cells should be isolated at 5-10 days post-vaccination for variable gene analysis. Moreover, the variable regions isolated at 5-10 days contained significant somatic mutations, indicative of a memory response. Concurrently, the majority of adults had anti-PPS antibody present prior to vaccination. Previous studies have indicated that previous exposure to polysaccharide antigen can affect subsequent polysaccharide-based vaccination. We therefore hypothesized that priming with PPS affects the subsequent immune response to vaccination. Our studies indicate that while prior vaccination with PPS does not affect subsequent vaccination with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (CPV), live colonization with S. pneumoniae enhances the magnitude of the response via a B cell dependent mechanism. These results demonstrate the importance of prior immunologic exposure on CPV vaccination, and that stimulation of the mucosal immune system may be advantageous prior to vaccination.
Advisors/Committee Members: Westerink, Ph.D., M. A. Julie.
Keywords: streptococcus pneumoniae; pneumococcal polysaccharides; variable gene; B cell; colonization
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21.
Raby, Erica M.
Accumulation.
Degree: MFA, College of the Arts / School of Art, 2009, Kent State University
► Accumulation is a series of arrangements or assembled installations and mixed-media drawings…
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▼ Accumulation is a series of arrangements or assembled installations and mixed-media drawings that expose the anxieties, uncertainties, absurdities and overall fragility of our world. The installations are constructed of found materials compulsively collected and saved, including but not limited to post-consumer waste, salvaged wood, and natural material. These materials become transformed and arranged in a delicate temporal manner as I contemplate their wasteful accumulation within our culture. The arrangement of forms and structures throughout the work is determined by playfulness, discovery, and experimentation. Some pieces in the installations are pre-made in my studio, while other parts are site-specific. Utilizing and manipulating post-consumer waste in my work enables me to maneuver through the anxiety stemming from my environmental concerns. This process is at time meditative and can provide a release for my unease. My tendency for cuteness and prettiness as a transformative element is evident throughout the work. Although the work in the end may appear to be naively constructed arrangements, they require a closer contemplative understanding of the relationship between the materials and oneself.
Advisors/Committee Members: Polo, Darice.
Subjects: Fine Arts
Keywords: Installation; assemblage; mixed-media; drawing; playful arrangements; doodling; envrionmental art; intuitive process; mixed-media drawings; environmental concerns; ecological concerns; fragile environment; site-specific; craft-based methods
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22.
Rachakonda, Ravi Kanth.
Crew Rostering Problem: A Random Key Genetic Algorithm With Local Search.
Degree: MS, Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2009, Ohio State University
► The Crew Rostering Problem is a part of the operational planning process…
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▼ The Crew Rostering Problem is a part of the operational planning process of any airline industry. Like many other combinatorial optimization problems, the crew rostering problem is an integer program which is, in the formulations considered here, viewed as a black box optimization problem because of the many special constraints and weighted considerations. Specifically, the so called “18/15 day crew rostering problem” schedules specific kind of pilots who work only for either 18 days or 15 days in a month. The formulations considered here focus on the particular balance between economics and pilot satisfaction relevant to a major Midwestern airline company. The size of the problem (on order of 1000 or fewer decision variables) makes the application of a genetic algorithm (GA) computationally feasible, i.e., the overhead from the GA is not prohibitive. The key aspects of the proposed solutions methods are (1) the random keys approach used which guarantees many constraints are satisfied automatically and (2) a local search method proposed here. The computational performance of the proposed methods is compared with CPLEX branch and bound implementations. These computational comparisons motivate the application of both the random keys genetic algorithm and the local search adjustment methods.
Advisors/Committee Members: Theodore, Dr. Allen.
Subjects: Industrial engineering; Operations research
Keywords: Random keys, Genetic Algorithm, Adaptive Algorithm, Pilot Scheduling
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24.
Rachfal, Amy Wilson.
Expression and actions of connective tissue growth factor.
Degree: PhD, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, 2004, Ohio State University
► Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is an extracellular matrix-associated matricellular protein that…
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▼ Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is an extracellular matrix-associated matricellular protein that regulates diverse cellular activities including adhesion, migration, mitogenesis, differentiation and survival. The broad biological properties of CTGF/CCN2 in many cell types likely reflect its ability to bind to a variety of cell surface molecules (integrins, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, heparin sulfate proteoglycans) as well as to other bioactive molecules. CTGF/CCN2 synthesis can be stimulated by a variety of molecules including transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1) which appears to play a major role in the transcriptional activation of the CTGF/CCN2 gene in matrigenic and fibrogenic pathways. This dissertation encompasses the relationship between CTGF/CCN2 and organ fibrosis, TGF-b1 action, gene regulation, pediatric desmoplastic tumors as well as its role in uterine function. Recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery of the CTGF/CCN2 gene was attempted to determine whether CTGF/CCN2 was directly linked to the progression of organ fibrosis. However, since little or no protein was generated in vivo using this system, it could not be deduced whether over-expression of CTGF/CCN2 alone could drive fibrosis. In vitro studies with fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) demonstrated that TGF-b1, alcohol or CTGF/CCN2 itself could up-regulate CTGF/CCN2 transcription. Additionally, after heparin- or EDTA-dependent HSC adhesion to CTGF/CCN2, preliminary gene array experiments demonstrated a series of genes that were transcriptionally up-regulated including, collagen a-1-type I, fibronectin, GRO oncogene, secreted acidic cysteine rich glycoprotein, tenasin C and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase. Further, RT-PCR analysis of similar experiments showed that hepatocyte growth factor, a potent mitogen that accelerates recovery from hepatic fibrosis, was down regulated. In addition, two pediatric fibrotic diseases, congenital hepatic fibrosis and desmoplastic small round cell tumor, were shown to produce elevated levels of CTGF/CCN2, consistent with its pro-fibrogenic properties. Finally, studies demonstrated that uterine CTGF/CCN2 gene transcription is regulated by maternal sex steroids and TGF-b1-dependent and –independent mechanisms. Further data indicated that the epithelium is a key source of CTGF/CCN2 in the mammalian uterus and that CTGF/CCN2 likely plays a role in regulating stromal cell function and placental neovascularization.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brigstock, David R.
Subjects: Biology, Molecular
Keywords: connective tissue growth factor; fibrosis; gene regulation; uterus; liver; tumor
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25.
Racke, Frederick Karl.
The role of protein kinase C in the regulation of intracellular signalling and stimulus-secretion coupling in parathyroid cells.
Degree: PhD, Physiology and Biophysics, 1993, Case Western Reserve University
► Protein kinase C(PKC) has been implicated the regulation of a variety of…
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▼ Protein kinase C(PKC) has been implicated the regulation of a variety of cellular functions, including hormone secretion. There is accumulating evidence that a Ca2+-mobilizing Ca2+ receptor exists on the parathyroid cell membrane whose activation is linked to the generation of inositol briphosphate (InsP3) and diacylglycerol (DG), increases in (Ca2+) i and the suppression of PTH release. PKC, whose activity is regulated by DG and (Ca2+) i, is a predominant effector for signal transduction through many Ca2+-mobilizing receptors. Activators of PKC such as PMA have been shown to dissociate PTH release from regulation by extracellular Ca2+. To better define the role of PKC in stimulus-secretion coupling, an in-depth study was undertaken to address the effects of PKC activation and inhibition on intracellular signalling and the regulation of PTH release. Activation of PKC led to a decrease in the potency of extracellular Ca2+ to induce intracellular signalling. PKC activation did not alter extracellular Ca2+-independent intracellular signalling, suggesting the effects of PKC were quite specific in nature. The effects of PKC on extracellular Ca2+-induced intracellular signalling were reversed by either PKC downregulation or by the PKC inhibitor, staurosporine. When a detailed dose-response curve was performed to clarify the effects of PKC on PTH secretion secretion, it was found that secretion was not dissociated from regulation by extracellular Ca2+, but that supramaximal concentrations (>5.0 mM) were necessary to inhibit PTH secretion. Most importantly, when PKC was inhibited by either downregulation or the addition of staurosparine, Ca2+-regulated secretion occurred unimpaired. These results indicate that PKC activation is not causally involved in the mechanism of stimulus-secretion coupling in parathyroid cells. The ability of PKC to reduce sensitivity to changes in extracellular Ca2+ implies that it plays a negative feedback role in a manner consistent to its effects on the regulation of more traditional Ca2+-mobilizing receptors. Thus, PKC modulates the Ca2+ set-point and this appears to be its primary function in stimulus-secretion coupling of parathyroid cells. An action of PKC on the Ca2+ receptor itself is a most attractive hypothesis because this single action could explain the specificity of the effects of PKC on both intracellular signalling and secretion.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nemeth, Edward F.
Keywords: protein kinase C; intracellular signalling; stimulus-secretion coupling; parathyroid cells
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26.
Raczkowski, Joseph Martin.
Phylogeny and founding stage of Lasius (Acanthomyops) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
Degree: PhD, Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, 2008, Ohio State University
► The evolution of social parasitism in ants remains a controversial topic despite…
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▼ The evolution of social parasitism in ants remains a controversial topic despite nearly 200 years of study and discussion. A lack of the details of socially parasitic behavior and phylogenies of socially parasitic groups are the greatest hindrances to understanding the evolution of this behavior. In this dissertation I address these problems for a group of North American ants, Lasius (Acanthomyops). I review social parasitism in ants, summarizing what we know and identifying the problems with the available data including distributional data. I present a study of socially parasitic behavior for my group of interest, as well as a phylogeny based on morphology and molecules. Finally, I discuss the implications of my findings on the evolution of social parasitism within the context of Emery's Rule.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wenzel, John.
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27.
Radcliffe, Nathan W.
Nietzsche’s Naturalism as a Critique of Morality and Freedom.
Degree: MA, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Philosophy, 2012, Kent State University
► This thesis reveals that Nietzsche is primarily a biological determinist, and although…
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▼ This thesis reveals that Nietzsche is primarily a biological determinist, and although Nietzsche uses “freedom” terminology throughout his corpus, Nietzsche’s revisionary conception of “freedom” not only accommodates his determinism, it requires it. The thesis begins by detailing Nietzsche’s unique naturalistic approach — his “Hermeneutics of Suspicion” — which states that all conscious phenomena (i.e. actions, beliefs, morality) are derivatives of underlying physiological forces that we are neither aware of nor able to control. Next, it outlines how Nietzsche’s hermeneutical approach undercuts the three descriptive components that are necessary for traditional notions of morality to exist — namely: free will, a stable/transparent “self,” and an essentially similar human “nature.” In doing so, the thesis demonstrates that traditional notions of “freedom” are illusory and turns its attention to the revisionary type of “freedom” Nietzsche actually affirms. Ironically, Nietzsche’s notion of “freedom” actually rests upon his biological determinism because, according to Nietzsche, freedom is an ascent to fate — amor fati! Freedom is possible only for the rare higher types who are capable of overcoming the constraints and guilt imposed on them by traditional morality to fully express their unique biological and psychological dispositions. As such, Nietzsche’s life task is to alert the nascent higher types to the real genealogy of values in order to free them from the impositions of morality, thereby clearing a path for their ascent to greatness.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pendleton, Gene.
Subjects: Philosophy
Keywords: Nietzsche, hermeneutics of suspicion, freedom, fate, fatalism, amor fati, morality, determinism, free will, consciousness, persuasive definition, naturalism, genealogy, morals
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29.
Rademacher, Christine Marie Koebel.
Synthetic studies toward pederic acid and photochromic crown ethers.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 1997, Ohio State University
► The first part of this dissertation discusses our efforts towards a convergent…
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▼ The first part of this dissertation discusses our efforts towards a convergent synthesis of pederic acid, a subunit of many biologically active and structurally complex natural products. Previous syntheses of pederic acid have been lengthy due to the intricate structure and lability of the molecule. Our goal was to construct the pederic acid skeleton using a radical cyclization to form the pyranoside unit with concomitant formation of the exocyclic methylene group. Stereocontrol of the C-2 alcohol was also a large focus of the synthesis where the intrinsic chirality inherent to glyceraldehyde derivatives was used advantageously.Extensive model studies were carried out using a variety of protected glycerate starting materials to form bromoketal radical cyclization precursors. The p-methoxybenzylidene acetal proved the most useful, allowing for differentiation between the two hydroxyl groups of the diol. Liberation and oxidation of the primary alcohol gave 7,8-des-methyl-2-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-methyl pederate in 5.3% yield over 10 steps. Although stereocontrol of the C-2 alcohol and formation of the pyranoside ring by radical chemistry were achieved, several parts of the synthesis need to be optimized. It may be possible to accomplish this goal by choosing better protecting groups for the diol starting material.The second part of this dissertation focuses on the preparation and alkali metal cation extractabilities of new molecular "switching" devices in which a polyether linkage is attached to a base structure whose conformation is altered through a photochemical reaction. The switching ability gives two forms of the molecule, where the "off" form binds cations weakly and the "on" form binds more strongly.A 1,2-dicyano-1,2-dithienyl derivative was used as the photo-triggered switch portion of these new crown ether devices. The advantages of this chromophore are thermal stability, photocontrolled reversibility, resistance to oxidation, and great flexibility differences between the "on" and "off" forms. Two of the crown ethers described show distinct differences in the binding of Na+ for the two forms, thus demonstrating that these crown compounds could function for the photoregulated uptake and release of sodium cation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rawal, Viresh H.
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30.
RADEMACHER, ERIC W.
THE PATH TO ACCURATE PRE-ELECTION FORECASTS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF DATA ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES ON PRE-ELECTION PROJECTION ESTIMATES.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Political Science, 2002, University of Cincinnati
► Much has been written about the success and failure of survey research…
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▼ Much has been written about the success and failure of survey research organizations attempting to project election outcomes in advance using sample survey data. However, less is known about the relationship between specific data adjustment methods used to generate those projections and the level of accuracy those projections achieve. Organizations often adjust raw survey results using data adjustment models, developed a priori, incorporating one, two or all of the following methods: 1) demographic weighting, 2a) likely voter screening and related 2b) adjustments for turnout, and 3) the allocation of undecided voter preferences. However, few investigations have considered the relationship between election projection accuracy and these various adjustments in depth. This research contributes to the literature on pre-election polling and projections through a systematic analysis of the contribution that each of these three types of data adjustment (weighting, turnout adjustment and undecided voter allocation) make to the accuracy of election projections. This research finds that while some data adjustment methods improve election projection accuracy, not all methods improve projections over the accuracy level achieved using unweighted data. For example, while this research presents evidence that specific turnout adjustment methods often lead to improved election projection accuracy, extensive tests also found specific demographic and geographic weighting had a very limited impact on increased accuracy in many situations and actually reduced projection accuracy in several cases. Variation in accuracy across different types of election contests was found when single data adjustment models were applied. As a result, this analysis recommends experimentation with using separate data adjustment methodologies when projecting election results in four types of election contests: "Top of the Ticket" incumbent races; "Top of the Ticket" open seat races; "Bottom of the Ticket" incumbent races; and "Bottom of the Ticket" open seat races.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tuchfarber, Dr. Alfred J.
Subjects: Political Science, General
Keywords: election polls; public opinion; survey methodology
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