550 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [19]
1.
Oakes, Amy C.
States in crisis: how governments respond to domestic unrest.
Degree: PhD, Political Science, 2006, Ohio State University
► The traditional approach to studying diversionary war tends to search for a…
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▼ The traditional approach to studying diversionary war tends to search for a direct relationship between domestic unrest and the use of force. It is more productive, however, to think of diversionary conflict as being one of several potential policies states can employ in response to domestic unrest, others being reform, repression, and foreign intervention. Thinking in terms of policy alternatives leads us to consider variables that alter the attractiveness for a decision-maker of these four policy options: diversionary conflicts might result as much from the lack of available alternatives as they do from their inherent utility in rallying the public around the regime. This research, therefore, examines the role of state extractive capacity as a variable, which can facilitate or, in some cases, constrain a government’s ability to adopt an alternative policy response. By combining statistical and qualitative research methods, it not only provides a new explanation for classic cases of state responses to domestic unrest, such as the Argentina’s invasion of the Falkland Islands, but it also produces a theoretical framework for understanding government decision-making during domestic crises.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pollins, Brian M.
Keywords: Diversionary war; Foreign policy decision-making; Domestic unrest
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2.
Oakey, Doyle Ray.
Post-industrial development: a conjunctual ecological model of the life insurance industry.
Degree: PhD, Sociology, 2004, Ohio State University
► Most approaches adopted to explain the growth of the post-industrial complex focus…
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▼ Most approaches adopted to explain the growth of the post-industrial complex focus on “modernization” through manufacture and industrialization. Unlike the industrial revolution, however, the post-industrial age is characterized by new divisions of labor emphasizing knowledge, information dissemination, sharing, coordination and control (i.e., advanced services). Because existing theories were not developed to explain post-industrialism, they may be misleading or inapplicable. As such, the purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to ecologically contextualize the post-industrial revolution and, (2) to create an empirical and practical model useful in explaining the post-industrial revolution using global life insurance penetration as a proxy. To this end four issues are addressed. First, I assess current theory with an eye toward synthesis in order to provide a holistic explanatory context for post-industrial evolution. Second, I demonstrate how life insurance penetration acts as a proxy for post-industrial growth. Third, I outline key hypothetical drivers of post-industrial change using the life insurance industry as a springboard. Finally, I analyze a pooled, cross-sectional time series of 49 countries over ten years (1991 to 2000) giving empirical support to these hypothetical drivers of post-industrial participation. Based upon theoretical synthesis, my conjunctual ecological model posits a causal process for post-industrial growth along four dimensions: geographic/environmental, demographic, socio-organizational/economic, and cyclical/temporal. Controlling for economic development, all dimensions yield fairly robust results. Geographically, national predisposition to shipping shows a strong net positive effect; also, demographic indicators such as population dependency, death rate and female labor force participation demonstrate broad net influences on insurance penetration. Socio-organizational variables such as savings and household consumption have little predictive value, but inflation rates do show consistent negative effects on insurance penetration. The temporal influence of the US business cycle also partially determines the insurance penetration of other countries, demonstrating the economic convergence of the post-industrial world. A final proxy of the post-industrial syndrome, the percentage of GDP in services, displays a consistently positive net effects on the dependent variable. In conclusion, analysis and discussion demonstrate that a holistic theoretical approach to the post-industrial revolution is warranted. Moreover, these results have direct applicability to insurance marketing around the globe.
Advisors/Committee Members: Crenshaw, Edward M.
Keywords: service sector; sociology; theory; life insurance; modernization; post-industrialization; civilization; ecology; sythetic theory; organization; industry
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4.
Oaks, D'Arcy John.
The effect of coordination and common ground in online discussion: a comparison of interactive processes in chat vs electronic bulletin boards.
Degree: PhD, Communication, 2007, Ohio State University
► Aspects of mutual understanding—joint action, coordination, and common ground—were examined in an…
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▼ Aspects of mutual understanding—joint action, coordination, and common ground—were examined in an online pedagogical problem-solving setting, with mutual understanding, task satisfaction, and satisfaction with group processes serving as outcome variables. The study employed a 2 (chat, threaded discussion) x 2 (communication coordination intervention, no communication coordination training) x 2 (common ground intervention, no common ground intervention) between-persons design. Communication coordination and common ground, two parts of Clark’s conception of mutual understanding (1996), are examined in an educational collaborative setting. Two common computer-mediated communication tools, chat and electronic bulletin boards, were employed. The three constructs (common ground, communication coordination, communication mode) are examined in relationship to each other and their relationship to task satisfaction, group processes satisfaction, and mutual understanding. One hundred fifty-six participants interacted in groups of three concerning a controversial social-issue task, homosexual marriage. Communication coordination was manipulated with a short training session. Common ground was manipulated through a short “get-to-know-you” session. Multilevel analysis of the 2 x 2 x 2 design revealed that communication coordination failed to have the intended effect. Multilevel analysis of the 2 (chat, threaded discussion) x 2 (common ground intervention, no common ground intervention) indicated a main effect for mode on task satisfaction, with threaded discussion groups ranking significantly higher than chat groups. The familiarity intervention had a main effect on satisfaction with group processes. An interaction between familiarity and communication mode was found for satisfaction with group processes. While participants in the chat groups reported greater satisfaction from the familiarity intervention, participants in the threaded-discussion groups reported lesser satisfaction following the familiarity intervention. Together these findings suggest that chat is a more conducive medium for friendly, social discussions and prior familiarity improve the satisfaction with human interactions. However, compared to threaded-discussion, chat was not as effective for task satisfaction. Threaded-discussion, on the other hand seems to work well for completing the task, though, its deficiencies in provided affordances for social interactions were apparent from the ratings.
Advisors/Committee Members: David, Prabu.
Keywords: distance education; collaboration; affordances; mutual understanding; coordination; common ground
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5.
Oates, Shawn P.
CHILD-COMPUTER INTERACTION: EXPLORING INTERFACE DESIGN.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2005, Miami University
► Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) holds great promise for increasing access to information and…
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▼ Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) holds great promise for increasing access to information and for facilitating learning. Unique to CAI programs are their multifaceted user-interface designs. This study examined key aspects (i.e. context and embedded text) of user-interface design to determine their impact on word-object association in young children. Sixty-seven children in their final semester of kindergarten were recruited for this study. The dependent measures, accuracy and latency were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance design. The within-subjects factors were interface design (appropriate context, inappropriate context and non-context) and word condition (embedded and non-embedded). It was found that children were more accurate when using the non-context display design and considerably less accurate when using the inappropriate display condition. They were also found to be more accurate when the word was embedded within the visual scene. Lastly, children were found to responded faster when using the appropriate context display design and considerably slower when using the inappropriate display design. The findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the way in which context is used in display design. A less detailed interface for certain tasks may provide children with an advantage over an elaborate or complicated interface design. These findings have implications for the development of educational software for young children.
Advisors/Committee Members: Smart, Leonard J.
Keywords: interface design; human-computer interaction; children
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6.
Obali, Derya.
Synthetic Approaches To Fluorinated Ten-Membered Enediyne.
Degree: MS, Chemistry, 2010, Bowling Green State University
► Enediynes are the most potent antitumor agents ever discovered. This antibiotic family…
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▼ Enediynes are the most potent antitumor agents ever discovered. This antibiotic family is represented by Calicheamicin, Esperamicin A1, Neocarzinostatin, and Dynemicin A. With the exception of Neocarzinostatin, all of these molecules contain a 1,5-diyne-3-ene unit within a strained ten-membered ring. Apart from their diversity, enediyne compounds share some structural and functional similarities. Their unique mode of biological action is to destroy double-helical DNA by double strand scission, caused by H-atom abstraction from the sugar phosphate backbone of both duplex DNA strands by a 1,4-benzenoid diradical formed as a reactive intermediate in the Bergman cyclization of the enediyne. Unfortunately the DNA cleavage observed is very non-selective so modified enediynes with more controlled Bergman reactivity must be developed. In this thesis, we describe synthetic schemes designed to create uniquely substituted enediyne structures in hopes of developing a more thorough understanding of the Bergman reaction.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kinstle, Thomas H.
Subjects: Chemistry
Keywords: Bergman reaction, enediyne
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7.
O'Bannon, Colin Andrew.
“Innumerabyll Shotying of Gunnys and Long Chasyng One Another:” Heavy Artillery and Changes in Shipbuilding in Northern Europe in the Early Modern Period.
Degree: MA, History, 2011, Ohio State University
► At the beginning of the early modern period in northern Europe, there…
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▼ At the beginning of the early modern period in northern Europe, there occurred a transformation from shell-based to frame-based methods of ship construction. It has been demonstrated that in many places, the medieval Mediterranean, for instance, similar transitions were slow ones that occurred in stages. This was not the case in Northern Europe. In only seventy-five years, methods based on lapstrake, shell-based construction were abandoned in favor of methods that produced frame-based, flush-planked ships. This coincided in time with the application of the developing technology of artillery to warfare at sea. Shortly after guns, particularly heavy guns, were placed on ships in Northern Europe, shipbuilding methods began to change. The technological factors that brought about this rapid and fundamental change in the way that shipbuilders conceived of ships can be observed through examination of the archaeological record. Numerous vessels from the late medieval and early modern period have been excavated in the past eighty years. The primary goal of this work shall be to collect information from these sites in a single work in order to demonstrate a chronology for late medieval/early modern vessels-of-war built in Northern Europe. Late medieval merchant and war vessels that have been excavated will be used to illustrate stages in the transition from lapstrake to flush-planked construction. Additionally, the thesis shall argue that there is evidence in the record of an experimental phase in the history of vessel construction. In vessels built during this period, one can observe that in ships intended for military purposes, builders solved problems they encountered, as a result of the introduction of artillery and southern European building methods, by adapting shipbuilding techniques known from earlier lapstrake traditions. It is hoped, finally, that the work will prove useful to future archaeologists and historians for the assessment of potential and discovered sites. Many sites still exist which could further detail the chronology and give greater insight into the nature of late medieval/early modern ship construction. This study will improve our understanding of different shipbuilding technologies that existed in Europe at the end of the medieval period and the way they were transferred from South to North. Additionally it will illustrate the way technological and historical events converged to bring about the transformation of the conceptual framework for the building of warships in Northern Europe at the end of the fifteenth and beginning of the sixteenth centuries.
Advisors/Committee Members: Guilmartin, John.
Subjects: Archaeology; European History; History; Military History; Military Studies; Technology
Keywords: shipbuilding; Early Modern Period; military revolution; Northern Europe; Henry VIII; lapstrake construction; carvel construction; Mary Rose; Grace Dieu
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8.
OBARSKI, KELLY JOSEPHINE.
LIFE AFTER NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIPS: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR A GRADUATE STUDENT'S PROFESSIONAL ENDEAVORS.
Degree: EdD, Education : Curriculum and Instruction, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► Each year, hundreds of graduate and undergraduate students, participate as Fellows in…
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▼ Each year, hundreds of graduate and undergraduate students, participate as Fellows in National Science Foundation GK-12 Grants throughout the U.S. These Fellowships create opportunities for university students to improve their communication skills, teaching proficiencies, and team-building skills, in addition to expanding their interest in educational endeavors in their respective communities while pursuing their college degrees. STEP (Science and Technology Enhancement Project) is one such project. University faculty, public school teachers, and community leaders collaborated together in order to bring scientists into middle and secondary classrooms to focus on increasing student interest and proficiency in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) skills. Seventeen Fellows, in the previous four years, designed, developed, and implemented innovative, hands-on lessons in seven local schools. The evaluation team collected a tremendous amount of research evidence focused on the effect of the program on the Fellows while they were participants in the study, but there has been very little data collected about the Fellows after leaving the program. This research study, consisting of two-hour interviews, qualitatively explores how the skills learned while participating in the STEP program affected the Fellows’ career and educational choices once leaving the project. This data was analyzed along with historical attitude surveys and yearly tracking documents to determine the effect that participation in the program had on their choices post-STEP. An extensive literature review has been conducted focusing on other GK-12 programs throughout the country, K-16 collaboration, Preparing Future Faculty Programs, as well as on teaching and learning literature. These bodies of literature provide the theoretical basis in which the research is framed in order to assess the impact on Fellow educational and professional choices since leaving the STEP program. This research project sheds new light on how participation in a GK-12 Fellowship impacts career and educational choices after the Fellow leaves the program.
Advisors/Committee Members: Swami, Dr. Piyush.
Keywords: GK-12, NSF, Fellowship, Learning Communties, Engineering Education
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9.
Obasi, Ezemenari Marquis.
Measurement of Acculturation Strategies for People of African Descent (MASPAD): An emic conceptualization of acculturation as a moderating factor between psychological distress and mental health seeking attitudes.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2005, Ohio State University
► This study describes the development of the Measurement of Acculturation Strategies for…
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▼ This study describes the development of the Measurement of Acculturation Strategies for People of African Descent (MASPAD), a multidimensional instrument designed to assess acculturation strategies (i.e., Traditionalist, Integrationist, Assimilationist, and Marginalist) along the dimension of beliefs and behaviors. Three studies were conducted to describe the development of the MASPAD and to assess its psychometric properties. Data was collected from 497 participants of African descent in Atlanta, Columbus, Los Angeles, and New York City. Confirmatory factor analysis and independent raters provided evidence for the multidimensional structure of the MASPAD. Pearson correlation coefficients supported the purported orthogonality of the MASPAD subscales. The MASPAD was a strong predictor of dimensions of worldview and cultural values. Moreover, the Traditionalist Beliefs subscale interacted with the Global Severity Index to predict confidence in therapist. Future directions for this body of research are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leong, Frederick T. L.
Keywords: Cultural Psychology; Acculturation; Worldview; African; African American; Black; Scale Construction; Psychological Measurement; Psychological Distress; Mental Health; Attitudes
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10.
Obasi, Ezemenari Marquis.
Construction and validation of the worldview analysis scale.
Degree: MA, Psychology, 2002, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this study was to develop the Worldview Analysis Scale…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to develop the Worldview Analysis Scale (WAS). The WAS is a 41-item instrument designed to assess cultural worldview orientation for people of African and European descent. Worldview was operationalized as the philosophical assumptions (cosmology, epistemology, ontology, axiology, and teleology) which determine the way in which people perceive, think, feel, and experience the world. Participants consisted of 350 college student enrolled in a psychology or African/African American studies course at a large Midwestern university. A 5 X 2 X 8 MANOV Aanalysis found ethnicity to be a predictor of cultural worldview orientation. A significant difference existed between African Americans and European Americans, with African Americans scoring in the African 90% confidence interval and European Americans scoring in the European 90% confidence interval. An exploratory oblique Crawford-Ferguson quartimax factor analysis was performed and an eight-factor solution was retained: acquisitive rationalism, scientific universe, life/death interaction, communalism, spiritual/physical interaction, tangible realism, knowledge of self, and spiritual universe. The WAS produced favorable reliability, validity, and factor goodness of fit indices. It is concluded that the WAS shows great promise in assessing between and within group differences and similarities of people of African and European descent.
Advisors/Committee Members: Flores, Lisa Y.
Keywords: African; cultural worldview orientation; universe; TELEOLOGY
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11.
Obeidat, Khaled Ahmad.
Design Methodology for Wideband Electrically Small Antennas (ESA) Based on the Theory of Characteristic Modes (CM).
Degree: PhD, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010, Ohio State University
► Emerging broadband applications with market pressures for miniaturized communication devices have encouraged…
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▼ Emerging broadband applications with market pressures for miniaturized communication devices have encouraged the use of electrically small antennas (ESA) and highly integrated RF circuitry for high volume low cost mobile devices. This research work focuses on developing a novel scheme to design wideband electrical small antennas that incorporates active and passive loading as well as passive matching networks. Several antennas designed using the proposed design technique and built and measured to assess their performance and to validate the design methodology. Previously, the theory of Characteristic Modes (CM) has been used mostly for antennas analysis. However; in this chapter a design procedure is proposed for designing wide band (both the input impedance bandwidth and the far field pattern bandwidth) electrically small to mid size antennas using the CM in conjunction with the theory of matching networks developed by Carlin. In order to increase the antenna gain, the antenna input impedance mismatch loss needs to be minimized by carefully exciting the antenna either at one port or at multiple ports and/or load the antenna at different ports along the antenna body such that the Q factor in the desired frequency range is suitable for wideband matching network design. The excitation (feeding structure), the loading of the antenna and/or even small modifications to the antenna structure can be modeled and understood by studying the eigenvalues and their corresponding eigencurrents obtained from the CM of the antenna structure. A brief discussion of the theory of Characteristic Modes (CM) will be presented and reviewed before the proposed design scheme is introduced. The design method will be used to demonstrate CM applications to widen the frequency bandwidth of the input impedance of an electrically small Vee shape Antenna and to obtain vertically polarized Omni-directional patterns for such antenna over a wide bandwidth. A loading technique based on the CM to either design frequency reconfigurable antennas or broaden their bandwidth by Non-Foster loading will also be discussed as part of the design methodology. In the Appendix, a brief discussion of the fundamental limits of electrical small antennas is presented and then followed by a discussion of the fundamental limits of the impedance bandwidth of the ESA when a passive matching network is used. Matching network implemented using Non-Foster matching is also discussed in the appendix.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rojas, Roberto G.
Subjects: Electrical engineering; Engineering; Experiments
Keywords: Theory of Characteristic Modes, electrically small antennas , Matching Network , Parallel Resonance , reconfigurable antenna, wideband antenna , conformal antenna , non-foster loads, NIC, Cavity modes, Patch antenna, loop antenna, PIFA
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12.
OBENG-DARKO, EVELYN.
NAVIGATING THE FOUR DIMENSIONAL SPACE OF HIGHER EDUCATION: STORIED NARRATIVES OF WOMEN FULL PROFESSORS AS SCHOLARS AND LEADERS IN EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION.
Degree: EdD, Education : Educational Leadership, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► There has been an increase in recent years of women faculty in…
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▼ There has been an increase in recent years of women faculty in Educational Administration; however very few of these women have risen to the rank of full professor (McCarthy and Kuh, 1998). The purpose of this study was to examine the leadership experiences and contributions of women faculty who hold the rank of full professor in Educational Administration. This study combined two variables and looked at women who had played the dual roles of scholars and leaders. The research sought to answer three questions. What are the leadership experiences of women full professors in Educational Administration? What are the contributions of these women to the field of Educational Administration? How has the presence of these women professors changed the organizational culture of preparation programs? Several noteworthy comprehensive investigations of the educational administration professorate had been conducted spanning the past three decades. However, getting to the hidden tacit knowledge of organizational processes through the use of life stories, personal narratives and archival data on participants, had yet to be explored fully. The study design was therefore, qualitative and involved the analysis of in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentary data. It was found that the seven women professors were excellent teachers and researchers and had offered extensive service to their institutions and professional associations. They had published books, book chapters, book reviews, refereed journal articles, monographs and technical reports and had written and been awarded major grants. In recognition of their contributions to the field, they had each received various distinguish awards at their institutions and national levels. In addition, all of them had served in various leadership roles ranging from project directors, graduate program officers, department chairs, associate dean, dean, vice president, vice chancellor, and president, either in their institution or in professional associations. The presence of these women together with others had impacted the culture of preparation programs and research in the field. It is hoped that their individual stories will contribute to our understanding of how to navigate the four dimensional space of (teaching, research, service and leadership) in higher education.
Advisors/Committee Members: EVERS, DR. NANCY E.
Keywords: educational administration; women's studies; leadership; higher education; qualitative research
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13.
Obeng, George Boakye.
A Game Theoretical Model For Prevention of Meat Contamination at A Meat Packing House.
Degree: MS, Applied Mathematics, 2011, University of Akron
► This study aims to develop a theoretical procedure to deal with the…
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▼ This study aims to develop a theoretical procedure to deal with the strategic decisions taken by a meat packing firm to prevent meat contamination. The analysis is based on a game theoretical model with two players, the firm and the government (regulator). The model assumes that a firm can choose to implement extra controls apart from the usual mandated controls expected of them. At the same time, the government can also implement extra controls beyond those it has mandated for the firm, if the cost of prevention is cheaper for both the firm and the government than cleanup. After modeling the problem and determining the possible cases and equilibria of the game, we use these to elaborate inferences about possible actions of the firm and the government. The results indicate that both the firm and the regulator will control if the cost of cleanup is high or the cost of extra control is low. We also realize that if the level of effectiveness of control is high enough, neither the firm nor the government will be willing to implement extra control.
Advisors/Committee Members: Forcey, Stefan.
Subjects: Economic Theory; Mathematics
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14.
Oberdick, Michelle N.
Using the Caldecott Award and Honor Books to Enhance Multicultural Literature.
Degree: MEd, Reading, 2009, Bowling Green State University
► The purpose of this study was to analyze the portrayal of race…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to analyze the portrayal of race in the illustrations and text of Caldecott Award and Honor books beginning with the year 2003 through 2008. Books with solely animal characters were discarded due to the inability to determine their race resulting in 14 books to be analyzed. The races of the main and supporting characters, how those characters were portrayed, and whether the books were either racially neutral or racially specific were examined. In a racially neutral book, race plays very little role in the story whereas in a racially specific book the race plays a major role. After the books were analyzed, a matrix listing the books with all races that were present was created. Bar graphs comparing the number of characters for each race in all of the 14 books were created. Lastly, a pie chart showing the percentage of books that were racially neutral versus racially specific was created. This investigation found that only White, African American, and Asians were present in the 14 most recent Caldecott Award and Honor books. Alaskan Natives, American Indians, Hispanics, or Native Hawaiians (defined by the U.S census) were not present in any of the books analyzed. Of the 14 books, 64% of the books contained white characters, 42% percent contained black characters, and less than 1% contained Asian characters. Some books contained more than one race making the total more than 100%. Lastly, 29% of the books were racially specific whereas 71% were racially neutral.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bertelsen, Cynthia.
Subjects: Literature
Keywords: reading; literature; caldecott award; honor books, multicultural
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15.
Oberhammer, Tierney.
MILKY BODIES, OFF-WHITE MENACE: IDENTITY, MILK AND ABJECT FEMININITY IN RECENT US MEDIA.
Degree: MA, Popular Culture, 2010, Bowling Green State University
► In the past milk has represented white, hegemonic society in the US…
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▼ In the past milk has represented white, hegemonic society in the US through its association with middle-American wholesomeness and its red-checked table cloth. The recent shift from the good-guy-drinks-milk motif of films of the past to the villains-drinks-milk motif in films of modernity rejects the ideal society that milk represents through grotesque representations of its consumption and its consumers. In such recent US media as The Strain (2009), The Hills Have Eyes (2006), It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia (2005-2009), Mr. Brooks (2007), Inglourious Basterds (2009), and The Professional (1994) milk's representation perverts its myth indicating a souring of society-as-we-know-it. As milk turns “bad” in these films, whiteness and those norms and values associated with whiteness lose their quality of invisibility and can be inspected accordingly. The following pages ultimately investigate representations of milk in the media and suggest that recent changes in those representations subvert the hegemonic image of the virtuous white body, his God-given beverage, and the issues often overlaid with race such as class, normality, cleanliness and morality.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Jeff.
Subjects: American studies
Keywords: maternal abject, abjection, monstrous feminine, femininity, milk, whiteness, mimicry, Strain, Hills Have Eyes, Mr. Brooks, Inglourious Basterds, Professional, Always Sunny Philadelphia
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16.
Oberjohn, Karen Solveig.
The Funny Papers: An Examination of Children's Sense of Humor, Peer Acceptance, and Friendships.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Psychology, 2002, University of Cincinnati
► Successful peer relations are widely recognized as crucial in the development of…
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▼ Successful peer relations are widely recognized as crucial in the development of social competence. Two indicators of peer relations, peer acceptance and friendship, have been associated with positive emotional and behavioral outcomes. A good sense of humor and teasing behavior are two types of social behavior that may influence peer acceptance and friendship. Humor is thought to facilitate opportunities for group membership, allow children to combat embarrassment, and provide a tool for navigating social situations. Such skills are likely to contribute positively to peer acceptance and the establishment of friendships. Conversely, humor can be used for aggressive purposes, such as amusing some while disparaging others. Such teasing behavior may hinder peer acceptance and friendships.The current study examined the associations of children’s sense of humor and teasing behavior with their level of overall peer acceptance (Like Ratings) and number of friendships (Best Friend Nominations). The data provided by the participants represented observations of 278 children, including 102 fourth grade children and 176 fifth grade children. Sense of humor and teasing behavior were measured via peer nominations on class play roles, peer acceptance by peer nominations on a like rating scale, and friendship by total number of best-friend nominations. It was hypothesized that sense of humor would be positively associated with peer acceptance and number of friendships, and that teasing behavior would be negatively associated with peer acceptance and number of friendships. It was also hypothesized that an interaction would be found indicating that teasing would be more strongly associated with lower acceptance and fewer friends the less often peers see them as having a good sense of humor, but teasing would be less strongly associated with lower levels of peer acceptance and friendships the more often peers see them as having a good sense of humor.These data suggest that sense of humor is related to social competence as measured by both peer acceptance and friendships. Future work should focus on more comprehensive definitions and measurement of humor and teasing behavior, as well as other social outcomes that may be influenced by these social behaviors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Noll, Dr. Robert B.
Keywords: humor; revised class play; friendship; peer acceptance; teasing
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17.
Oberlander, Kristin M.
CULTURES IN OPPOSITION: THE BATTLE BETWEEN CORPORATE ORGANICS AND THE ORGANIC MOVEMENT.
Degree: MA, Mass Communication, 2006, Miami University
► In the past ten years, organics have been re-framed as an industry…
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▼ In the past ten years, organics have been re-framed as an industry that caters to the middle and upper class strata of society because the products cost more than agricultural farming products. Marketers build a dynamic wherein the mere purchase of organic food is akin to social activism. However, the term organic lacks a unified definition. This thesis examines how the mass marketing of organic products capitalizes on ideals of the organic movement to create a need that the purchase of organic foods “promises” to satisfy. It also examines popular tactics of persuasion used by marketing and advertising companies for organic foods, such as consumer activism generated from the origins of the Organic Movement in the United States. The organic industry must maintain the ability to produce enough food to meet the demand of consumers, while still following the tenets of the Organic Movement.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sholle, David.
Keywords: organic food; diffusion; incorporation; commodity fetishism
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18.
Oberlin, Jennifer Michelle.
Lost and Found: The Process of Historic Preservation in Lucas County, Ohio.
Degree: MA, History, 2004, University of Toledo
► This thesis discusses the historic preservation movement in Lucas County, Ohio, showing…
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▼ This thesis discusses the historic preservation movement in Lucas County, Ohio, showing how certain preservation issues paralleled with those of the national movement in certain eras. Issues pertaining to sucessful preservation, such as grassroots organizations, federal programs, tax incentives, the impact of preservation law, and planning are explained, as are the issues surrounding poor preservation, such as urban renewal, disinterest, migrations out of the city, and social unrest. Public perceptions of historic sites and of the preservation movement are overviewed, showing that certain intrest groups held influence over what was to be saved. Also, significant sites in Lucas County (1820-1910)are described as examples of successful and poor preservation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Britton, Diane F.
Subjects: History, United States
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19.
OBERLIN, KEVIN ARTHUR.
THE MOMENT OF LOOKING DOWN.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : English and Comparative Literature, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► The Moment of Looking Down is a collection of poems crafted into…
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▼ The Moment of Looking Down is a collection of poems crafted into book form over the course of my studies. The first and fourth sections focus on poems dealing with fidelity, mortality, and loss. The second section explores memory and perception through a series of poems that use a long, single-line stanza. The third section is a narrative sonnet sequence that follows the brief rise of a young jazz singer as she struggles to reconcile her understanding of herself with the perceptions of those listening to her. The dissertation concludes with the essay “Manmade: Masculinity in the Poetry of Tony Hoagland, Mark Halliday, and Rodney Jones,” which contends that these poets express the male body and male sexuality with a troubled awareness of the complicated political, cultural, and psychological position of American masculinity at the end of the twentieth century, and that their poetry moves beyond contemporary feminist and masculinity studies theorists by exploring new masculinities through directly accessible language.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bogen, Dr. Don.
Subjects: Literature, American
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21.
Obernesser, Scott.
Searching For the Wild: The Changing Post-War Conceptions of Environmentalism and Gender.
Degree: MA, English/Literature, 2010, Bowling Green State University
► Throughout the course of contemporary environmentalism, activists have found voice within practices…
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▼ Throughout the course of contemporary environmentalism, activists have found voice within practices of civil disobedience. Similarly, movements to reassess traditional constructions of gender have been entrenched in disobedient practices in hopes of upsetting dominant discourse. Through disobedience, distinct ties have been drawn between shifting gender ideologies and treatment of the environment. This work looks to examine two 1990's manifestations of disobedience in terms of environmentalism and gender: Jon Krakauer's Into The Wild (1996) and Chuck Palahniuk's Fight Club (1996). Through inspection of the text's two main characters, Chris McCandless and Tyler Durden, we are able to examine links inherent in environmental and gender activism and thereby prompt reassessment of gender and environmental praxis
Advisors/Committee Members: Sheffer, Jolie.
Subjects: English literature
Keywords: Environment; Gender; Disobedience; Into The Wild; Fight Club
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22.
Oberoi, Lalit M.
Formulation of a fast-acting ibuprofen suspension by using nicotinamide as hydrotropic agent - application of DSC, spectroscopy and microscopy in assessment of the type of interaction.
Degree: MS, Pharmaceutical Science, 2004, University of Toledo
► The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the solid-state interaction between ibuprofen and nicotinamide and determine the solubility enhancement achieved by using nicotinamide as a hydrotropic agent and develop a suitable efficacious formulation. Ibuprofen-nicotinamide binary mixtures were prepared by solvent evaporation method. DSC studies suggested complex formation between ibuprofen and nicotinamide with 1:1 stoichiometry in solid state. UV-Visible spectroscopy suggested that the interaction was weak. Disappearance of the broad hydrogen bonding peak in the FTIR spectrum for the complex predicted greater solubility for the complex. Proton NMR studies ruled out the possibility of any chemical interaction between the two compounds. PXRD and microscopic studies showed that the crystallinity of the complex was remarkably reduced. All the studies predicted greater solubility for ibuprofen in complexed form. The HPLC studies showed that solubility was enhanced 62 times in the suspension when the concentration of nicotinamide was 13.3 mg/mL.
Advisors/Committee Members: Alexander, Kenneth S.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Pharmacy
Keywords: ibuprofen; nicotinamide; hydrotropy; spectroscopic; solubility enhancement
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23.
Obeta, Miracle.
A TALE OF TWO REGIMES/COUNTRIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS IN GHANA AND THE GAMBIA.
Degree: MA, Political Science, 2009, Miami University
► This paper assesses the political transmutations from “Military to Civilian Leadership” of…
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▼ This paper assesses the political transmutations from “Military to Civilian Leadership” of Jerry Rawlings in Ghana and The Gambia under Yahya Jammeh. It examines why Ghana seemed to have “successfully” transitioned to a more democratic dispensation under Rawlings and why The Gambia, under Jammeh, failed to do so. It addresses three key research questions: firstly, how and why did Ghana successfully “transition” to a leading democracy in the continent under the watch of Jerry Rawlings? Secondly, how and why did The Gambia “fail” in its transition efforts to move toward more democratic norms under President Yahya Jammeh? Finally, what accounts for the different pathologies and outcomes in the transition programs of Rawlings’s in Ghana and Jammeh’s Gambia? The basic argument the paper makes is that the varying political and economic outcomes in The Gambia and Ghana are attributable to the levels of regime/ leadership commitment to democracy and perhaps, more importantly, to neo-liberal reform in both countries.
Advisors/Committee Members: Saine, Abdoulaye.
Subjects: Political science
Keywords: Jerry John Rawlings, President Yahya Jammeh, Democracy, Neoliberal Reform, Ghana, The Gambia
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24.
Obinna, Denise.
Reaching For The American Dream: Are Black immigrants more vulnerable to academic decline than other immigrants?.
Degree: MA, Sociology, 2011, Ohio State University
► Ever since the successes of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and…
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▼ Ever since the successes of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Hart-Cellar Immigration Act of 1965, black immigration to the United States has flourished. This growth in immigration has triggered a steady increase in black immigrant enrollment in American schools. Although research on the academic performance of black immigrants has been limited, few studies have identified that first and second generation black immigrants perform better than native blacks on standardized tests and college enrollment. Using data from the Educational Longitudinal Survey of 2002, I find that while black immigrants perform better than native blacks on standardized tests, they are not more likely to enroll in college. My analyses also illustrate that on standardized tests, second generation black immigrants’ earn scores that are comparable to other non-black second generation immigrants. Specifically, I find that while second generation Asian and Hispanic students outperform their native born counterparts on standardized tests; this does not apply to college enrollment. First and second generation Asian immigrants are not more likely to enroll in college than their native counterparts. In fact, first generation Hispanics have a significantly lower likelihood of enrolling in college than their native peers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Buchmann, Claudia.
Subjects: Sociology
Keywords: Race; Immigration; Education
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25.
Obiozor, Clarence Nwabunwanne.
Finite element analysis of defective induction motor.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering (Engineering), 1987, Ohio University
► This dissertation provides a methodology for the computation of flux distribution in…
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▼ This dissertation provides a methodology for the computation of flux distribution in defective induction machines. Having obtained the flux distribution for the applied voltage, the stator current in each phase for any load can be calculated, and hence it can be determined if continuation of the operation of the defective machine under the applied load is safe. The methodology is based on the use of Maxwell's equations to derive a unified equation. This equation relates the space and time derivatives of the magnetic vector potential (MVP) of each point within the machine to the density of the applied current at the point. Applying the method of finite elements to this equation at different sections of the machine leads to a global equation. In this derivation, saturation at any point of the machine and at any instant of time is fully accounted for. The global equation is a set of nonlinear time domain differential equations. A step-by-step numerical method is employed to integrate this global equation. This process yields the value of MVP for any point of the machine at any instant of time. The computer program developed in this work to carry out the above tasks is validated by applying it to simple electromagnetic systems. It is then used to produce MVP contours of an induction machine for three defects.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jaleeli, Nasser.
Keywords: induction motor; finite element; machines; Maxwell's equations
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27.
Oblander, Samantha Anne.
The Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-mu Signaling Pathway Differentially Regulates E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin-Mediated Axon Outgrowth.
Degree: PhD, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 2009, Case Western Reserve University
► Understanding the complexity of how retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons migrate out…
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▼ Understanding the complexity of how retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons migrate out of the retina, along the retinotectal pathway to reach their target in the brain remains a central question facing neurobiologists today. RGC axon outgrowth initiated by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) requires both adhesion to the CAM and activation of cell surface receptors initiating intracellular signaling cascades. The focus of this dissertation is on the role of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin in axon outgrowth in the chick visual system. In addition, we investigated the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase-mu (PTPµ) and its associated proteins in cadherin-mediated axon outgrowth. E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin are three members of the classical cadherin family of CAMs and are expressed in the chick visual system during peak RGC axon outgrowth. N-cadherin and R-cadherin have been shown to promote neurite outgrowth. Homophilic binding of N-cadherin mediates neurite outgrowth that is dependent upon PTPµ function. PTPµ associates with E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin. We hypothesized that E-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth requires PTPµ. We detected E-cadherin expression in RGCs and in the tectum. In retinal organ culture studies, we demonstrated that E-cadherin promotes neurite outgrowth via homophilic binding. Conversely, R-cadherin promotes neurite outgrowth through heterophilic binding with N-cadherin. We also demonstrated that E-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth requires PTPµ function. Observation of distinct growth cone morphologies on all three substrates, led us to hypothesize that unique signaling pathways are involved in E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth. Inhibition studies in retinal organ cultures demonstrated that Rac1 activity is required for E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth while Cdc42 activity is required for N-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth via IQGAP1. The scaffolding protein IQGAP1, binds to PTPµ, Cdc42 and Rac1. PTPµ also binds to RACK1, an intracellular receptor for activated protein kinase C (PKC). We demonstrated a unique requirement for the PKCδ serine-threonine kinase in E-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth. Investigating cadherin-mediated axon outgrowth will shed light on axon growth during development and regeneration as well as contribute to the understanding of cadherin signaling in cell-cell adhesion and cell migration.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brady-Kalnay, Susann.
Keywords: E-CADHERIN; Neurite; Neurite Outgrowth; PTPµ; OUTGROWTH; R-CADHERIN-MEDIATED; RGC
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28.
Obney, David M.
The Actor in the Space: The Influence of Space on the Construction and Creation of the Role of Macbeth.
Degree: MA, Theatre Arts, 2007, University of Akron
► Space is an essential tool for actors. An actor must perceive the…
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▼ Space is an essential tool for actors. An actor must perceive the space and use it – all of it, not only the stage area. An actor must learn to see the space for what it is—the literal space of the theatre so he or she is not swept away into a world built solely in his imagination. The actor should learn to use the different landmarks to guide his precise actions. An actor must work to own the space, so he or she feels at home in the theatre. The actor must sensitize himself to the space, training himself to be a highly sensitive organism capable of instant, precise reactions to the stimuli found within. The actor must learn to trust his intimate knowledge of the space, stay within the moment, and extend his energy beyond the stage. The actor must understand how his or her internal space must be cleared of clutter so that he or she might connect to the external space. The actor should know that the space of the text promises a wealth of information, but the text must be woven into the physical acting score. The actor should be vigilant to remain attentive to all areas of space, including the space between.
Advisors/Committee Members: Slowiak, James.
Keywords: acting process; space; internal space; external space; Macbeth; scansion; text; textual analysis; rehearsal behavior; sacred space; actor's tools; controlling the space; linear movement; curved movement; movements; engaging body and mind
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29.
Obonyo, Victor Oduor.
Smartpen Technology and Revitalization of The Myaamia Language.
Degree: Master of Computer Science, Computer Science and Systems Analysis, 2009, Miami University
► The main purpose of this research is to determine whether appropriate technology…
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▼ The main purpose of this research is to determine whether appropriate technology can contribute towards revitalization of the Myaamia language. Language revitalization refers to the development of programs and other learning opportunities that result in re-establishing a language, which has ceased being the language of communication, and bringing it back into use in everyday life. Although it seems possible that various technologies can play an important role in these efforts, a survey of language revitalization programs has shown little assessment of the role of technology in language revitalization. In this project, a case study was done to determine, to what extent, if any, appropriately designed technology (in this case a Smartpen) can be useful in Myaamia language revitalization efforts. The result collected, after participants had used the research material, showed that technology, if configured appropriately and made interesting and purposeful, can play an important role in language revitalization efforts.
Advisors/Committee Members: Troy, Douglas.
Subjects: Computer science; Language; Linguistics
Keywords: Language Revitalization, Smartpen Technology, Myaamia Language, Penlet, Anoto Technology, Livescribe
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30.
Obopile, Motshwari.
INTERACTIONS AMONG MAIZE PHENOLOGIES, TRANSGENIC BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS MAIZE AND SEED TREATMENT FOR MANAGEMENT OF PESTS AND DISEASES OF MAIZE.
Degree: PhD, Entomology, 2009, Ohio State University
► Planting date is critical in maize production because it influences the availability…
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▼ Planting date is critical in maize production because it influences the availability of growing degree days required to mature the maize crop, and the amount of pests on the crop throughout the season. The interactions among maize phenologies, transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) maize(Bt) and seed treatment were studied from 2006 to 2008 based on the following objectives: (1) To evaluate the potential use of planting dates and varying maize maturity in combination with transgenic maize and seed treatment to manage corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte), (2) To evaluate the potential use of planting dates and varying maize maturity in combination with transgenic maize on oviposition and subsequent larval injury to maize by European corn borer [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)], (3) To evaluate the potential use of planting dates and varying maturity of maize in combination with transgenic hybrids on stalk and ear rots incidence and severity following European corn borer infestation. Corn rootworm larval feeding was reduced by delayed planting and using transgenic Bt maize and seed treatment. When populations of corn rootworms were high, root lodging occurred on untreated maize and lodging declined in late plantings. Significant yield reduction associated with root injury occurred only in 2007 at Wooster on untreated early planted corn. Increased adult beetles feeding on maize caused silk clipping, resulting in poor seed set and reduced yield. Yield from short season hybrids were comparable to full season hybrids especially in late plantings. The European corn borer study showed higher numbers of egg masses from second generation moths on late planted corn. Injuries on stalks and leaves were significantly higher on non-transgenic corn, and increased with delayed planting. The benefit of Bt maize was more significant when planting was delayed than was early when planting. Planting Bt hybrids with resistance to European corn borer lowered both stalk rots and ear rots compared with non-Bt genotypes especially on late plantings. Compared with short season hybrids, significant reduction in stalk and ear rots occurred in full season hybrids. In summary, the results suggest that in management of European corn borer and associated diseases (rots), when planting is delayed due to unforeseen circumstances and populations would cause economic damage, planting short season Bt hybrids could be beneficial. For corn rootworms, using a seed treatment or transgenic Bt maize might be beneficial where populations are known to be high and planting is early.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hammond, Ronald B.
Subjects: Entomology
Keywords: planting date; corn rootworm; European corn borer; Bt; maize maturity; stalk rot; ear rot stalk tunneling; root injury; grain yield
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