2435 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [82]
2.
Kaat, Aaron J.
The Relationship between Reciprocal Social Impairments and Psychopathology in Children with Intellectual Disability.
Degree: MA, Psychology, 2011, Ohio State University
► Reciprocal Social Impairments (RSI) are deficits in social skills consistent with autism…
(more)
▼ Reciprocal Social Impairments (RSI) are deficits in social skills consistent with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). RSI are diagnostically relevant to ASD, but also occur throughout the population, including among those with intellectual disability (ID). Both ID and ASD are associated with increased symptoms of psychopathology. This study’s objective was to investigate whether increased RSI among those with mild or moderate ID were related to increased symptom severity of other forms of psychopathology (specifically, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD], Oppositional Defiant Disorder [ODD], Anxiety Disorders, and Depressive Disorders, as measured by the Child Symptom Inventory-4 [CSI-4]). An exploratory objective of this study was to assess the association between the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores and social skills measured by the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (ABAS-II) and psychopathology. Three hundred twelve packets were distributed to area school districts or directly to parents of eligible children in response to flyers. Sixty-seven were returned, for a response rate of 21%. However, only 37 children (28 boys and 9 girls, mean age of 11.7 years) met eligibility requirements and had usable data on all rating scales. Results from the hierarchical multiple regression indicated that RSI were unrelated to ODD, Anxiety, and Depressive Disorders. However, increased RSI were associated with increased severity of ADHD symptoms, after controlling for adaptive behavior and previous diagnoses of ADHD and/or ASD (β = 0.45, p = .028). Consistent with previous research, the SRS subscales showed moderate correlations with the ABAS-II (range -.30 to -.61). Using multiple regression, the SRS subscales were unrelated to ODD, Anxiety, and Depressive Disorders, similar to the total score. The subscales were associated with increased ADHD symptom severity (R2 = .55, p < .001), with Autistic Mannerisms as the only significant predictor (b-weight = 0.59, p < .001). The study found that increased RSI were related to increased ADHD symptom severity, but not to symptoms of ODD, Anxiety, and Depressive Disorders. One possible explanation of these results is that social competence is so much lower for individuals with ID that any increase in RSI is no more impairing. Future research on the construct of RSI and its relationship to social competence and psychopathology is warranted, especially since the results of this study differed from previous studies among those without ID.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lecavalier, Luc.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: intellectual disability; social skills; Social Responsiveness Scale
More Like This
3.
Kabbes, Jason E.
Diamond Formation under Lower Mantle Redox Conditions: Experimental Constraints on the Mineralogical Host of Carbon in Earth’s Mantle.
Degree: MS, Geological Sciences, 2010, Ohio State University
► The oxidation state of the Earth is an area of great interest…
(more)
▼ The oxidation state of the Earth is an area of great interest in petrology and mineral physics, as it plays a key role in governing mantle mineralogy and determining mineralogical host of elements with multiple valence states, such as iron and carbon. The amount of oxygen available to drive reactions in a system, as measured by oxygen fugacity, dictates a system’s mineralogy, as controlled by reactions with oxygen, including the oxidation of iron to form wüstite: Fe + 1/2O2 = FeO (iron wüstite buffer, IW), or the simultaneous oxidation of iron and diamond to form siderite: Fe + C + 3/2O2 = FeCO3 (siderite diamond iron buffer, SDI). The degree of oxidation of the lower mantle has been the subject of recent interest, particularly in light of the recently reported crystal-chemically controlled, pressure-induced auto-oxidation-reduction reaction in iron (Frost et al., 2004) and debates on the oxidation state of carbon in the mantle (Brenker et al., 2007; McCammon et al., 2004). In that pressure-induced iron self-reduction is independent of oxygen fugacity, it is likely that the coexistence of metallic iron and wüstite buffers mantle redox state at or near IW, as well as determines whether the host of carbon is either diamond or a carbonate. Therefore, knowledge of the relationship between the buffer assemblage containing both reduced and oxidized carbon (SDI buffer) and that containing both reduced and oxidized iron (IW buffer) is critical to knowing the mineralogical host of carbon throughout the mantle as a function of redox state. Thermodynamic modeling of iron, carbon, wüstite, and siderite suggests the IW buffer lies between 1.5 and 2.5 log units above the SDI buffer across the pressure and temperature range of Earth’s mantle, suggesting that FeCO3 (siderite) will reduce to diamond. This model is supported by high-pressure, high-temperature experiments carried out in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell from 21-62 GPa and 2100-2300K, with starting material: Fe metal, FeCO3, and FeO. Diamond was detected by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, as well as STEM-EDX on a thin foil prepared by focused ion beam milling (FIB). These findings suggest that in the more reducing regions of a laterally and axially heterogeneous mantle, carbonates will be reduced to diamond and/or iron carbide(s), with the greatest reduction potential occurring just before the siderite spin transition. In the more oxidizing regions, such as those near subduction zones and below D”, carbonate will be the stable host of carbon. If carbon is a major light element of the core, it is likely that it would have to have been sequestered prior to the formation of the post-perovskite phase and the D” region.
Advisors/Committee Members: Panero, Wendy R.
Subjects: Geology; Geophysics
Keywords: carbon; carbonate; diemond; mantle; oxygen fugacity; redox
More Like This
4.
Kabbout, Mohamed Nazih.
ETS1 AND ETS2 ROLE IN RAS ONCOGENIC TRANSFORMATION IN MOUSE EMBRYONIC FIBROBLASTS.
Degree: PhD, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, 2010, Ohio State University
► Human soft-tissue sarcoma is a malignant tumor that is usually found in…
(more)
▼ Human soft-tissue sarcoma is a malignant tumor that is usually found in children and young adults. In the United States more than 12000 new cases are diagnosed each year with soft tissue sarcomas. Oncogenic Ras has been shown to be involved in soft-tissue sarcoma development and K-Ras, H-Ras and N-Ras missense mutations at codons 12, 13 and 61 have been reported in 23 to 30% of soft tissue sarcoma tumors. The MAPK pathway is one of the main mediators of the Ras response, and it has been shown to be deregulated in cancer in general and soft tissue sarcoma in particular. Ets1 and Ets2 are the downstream effectors of the Ras/ERK pathway and have been shown to be over expressed in cancer and activated by Ras/ERK through the phosphorylation of their conserved MAPK phosphorylation domain next to the PNT domain. This phosphorylation is essential for Ets1 and Ets2 to regulate many genes that are important for diverse biological processes. Over expression of constitutively active Ras in mouse embryonic fibroblasts leads to cellular transformation, and injection of Ras transformed fibroblasts into nude mice leads to formation of tumors similar to fibroblastic soft tissue tumor, which makes the Ras transformation in vitro model a suitable system for studying soft-tissue sarcoma. The Ets families of transcription factors have been shown to play an essential role in Ras transformation, but the identity of the Ets family members that are essential for Ras transformation is still unkown. Using the Cre-lox system to delete Ets2 from Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) that are Ets1-/- and have the Ets1 null allele, we showed that the deletion of both Ets1 and Ets2 is necessary to inhibit Ras oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis in MEFs. Here we show that Ets1 and Ets2 play a post transcriptional repression role in Ras transformation through a C-myc dependent up regulation of miR17-92 microRNA. Ets1 and Ets2 bind to the C-myc promoter and regulate C-myc RNA and protein expression. We also show that Ets2 similar to C-myc binds to the promoter of miR17-92, and Ets1 and Ets2 through transient transfection are able to upregulate the miR17-92 cluster expression in C-myc -/- MEFs. C-myc and miR17-92 Cluster over expression in Ets1/Ets2 double knockout MEFs rescued Ras tumorigenesis in vivo upon injection in nude mice. Also we show that Ets1 and Ets2 play a transcriptional repression role through a c-myc dependent repression of Sfrp1, Fas and Lox tumor suppressor genes during Ras transformation. Fas, Lox and Sfrp1 are not repressed in Ets1/Ets2 double knockout MEFs even after Ras retroviral infection, but over expression of C-myc repressed Fas, Lox and Sfrp1 again in the Ets1/Ets2 double knockout MEFs. We found that Ets1, Ets2 and C-myc bind to the promoter of Fas, Sfrp1 and Lox genes during Ras transformation, and we show an enrichment of these promoters with H3K9 and H3K27 trymethylation markers which are usually present on silent promoters.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ostrowski, Michael.
Subjects: Biomedical research
Keywords: soft-tissue sarcoma; Ets1; Ets2; Ras; transformation; C-myc; MEFs; miR17-92
More Like This
5.
Kabengele, Blanche.
An Intellectual History of Two Recent Theories of Racism.
Degree: PhD, Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services: Educational Studies, 2011, University of Cincinnati
► This dissertation examines the origin, evolution, facility, and effectiveness of Anti-racism and…
(more)
▼ This dissertation examines the origin, evolution, facility, and effectiveness of Anti-racism and Whiteness Theory to eradicate racism in the United States during the last decade, 2000 - 2010. During the founding of the country, a sense of civic responsibility, and moralized manifest destiny sanctioned land conquest and enslavement of Africans for the achievement of personal gain. Society justified subjugating Africans into chattel slavery, considering color and cultural difference as confirmation and rationale to discriminate. Today, the U.S. Constitution prohibits discrimination and society at-large disapproves racist acts and behavior. Nonetheless, racist incidents continue. While undeniably, the issue of race in America is still a serious concern, many suggest civil rights and affirmative action redresses divide society, advancing one group, over others. Today, as civil rights, and affirmative action recipients, African Americans make up a significant number of the middle class, whereas whites, in contrast, comprise a considerable number of a middle class that is shrinking, from an economic recession, caused in part by globalization and the country’s transformation from industry to service. Conversely, the black underclass increases, as a result, of loss of unskilled work sent to overseas countries paying lower salaries, deficient labor laws, and environmental protections. Obfuscating the dialectical relationship existing between race and class, special interest groups incite and infuse racist rhetoric, to augment their own self-serving interest. Consequently, race baiting occurs to keep racism alive, preventing empowerment of a unified bi-racial group’s capacity to pressure political leaders to address the needs of the working and middle classes, over the interest of the wealthy. It is in this way that the capacities of anti-racist systems to eradicate racism are negated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Berlowitz, Marvin.
Subjects: Education History
Keywords: Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity; Racism; Whiteness Theory; Historiography of Race; Sociological Context of Race; Race Relations
More Like This
6.
Kabert, Bradley Army.
High Strain Rate Consolidation and Forming of Armstrong and HDH Titanium Powder and Sheet Material.
Degree: MS, Materials Science and Engineering, 2011, Ohio State University
► The high cost of titanium currently limits its use to value-added application,…
(more)
▼ The high cost of titanium currently limits its use to value-added application, primarily in the aerospace and defense industries. Due to the excellent strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion properties of titanium, there is significant interest in lowering the cost of titanium to make it accessible to other markets such as the automotive, transportation and chemical processing industries. The recently developed Armstrong process has created a low cost source of commercially pure and alloyed titanium powders, but current production techniques are inadequate for utilizing these powders to create components at an industrial scale. In many applications, HSR forming techniques have been used to achieve formability beyond that which can be done by Quasistatic forming techniques. This study was performed to explore the use HSR forming techniques in the consolidation of titanium powders and the production of titanium PM components, in an effort to lower the cost of titanium components and open their availability to other industries. The primary methods utilized in this study were Electromagnetic forming techniques, involving the discharge of a capacitor bank through a driving coil to induce current in a closely coupled workpiece resulting in a strong opposing Lorentz force between them. For the consolidation of titanium powders, copper tubes were filled with titanium powder and compacted by both solid and disposable coils. Roll compacted sheets were compacted utilizing a Uniform Pressure Actuator, Electromagnetic Press and an Electronically Driven Expanding Plasma. The UPA uses a driving coil to launch a copper sheet in a planar manner to push a titanium sheet sample on to a flat die. The EM Press involves repeatedly striking a sample with an electromagnetically repelled aluminum flyer with a flat tool steel impactor attached. EDEP involves discharging a capacitor bank through an aluminum foil, causing it to burst into a plasma that expands and compacts the sheet. The UPA was also shown to be capable of simultaneously forming and consolidating roll compacted sheet, both to densities that have not been achieved in green consolidated sheets and shapes which have not yet been attained in green or sintered material by any available Quasistatic technique. Milled titanium powder was also consolidated, showing increased density upon sintering relative to Quasistatic consolidated materials with the same green density.
Advisors/Committee Members: Daehn, Glenn.
Subjects: Engineering; Materials Science
Keywords: titanium; powder metallurgy; armstrong; high strain rate; dynamic consolidation; high strain rate forming; net-shape forming; electromagnetic forming
More Like This
7.
KABI, AMRITA.
Role of Inner Arm Dyneins and Hydin in Ciliary Motility in Tetrahymena thermophila.
Degree: PhD, Zoology, 2010, Miami University
► The focuses of my doctoral research were: (a) Dynein family of motors…
(more)
▼ The focuses of my doctoral research were: (a) Dynein family of motors and (b) Hydrocephalus inducing protein – Hydin. Axonemal dyneins are molecular motors composed of heavy chains (HCs), intermediate and light chains. HCs comprise of the motor domain and make up most of the mass of the dynein complex. Previous studies identified eight inner arm dynein HC (DHC) in different ciliated and flagellated organisms. Recent comparative sequence analyses using completed genomes of different species resulted in identification of additional one-headed dynein HC genes in most of the organisms examined. Our proteomic studies using Tetrahymena axonemes revealed that most, if not all the dyneins are present in the axoneme and they are present in varying abundances. Functional studies with some dyneins knockouts generated suggest that dyneins are not completely redundant. Initial evidences suggest that there might be some compensation effect of other inner arm dyneins when one inner arm dynein is lost. Congenital hydrocephalus, a common birth defect, is characterized by the over accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricular system of the brain. Mutations in hydin result in hydrocephalus in hy3 homozygous mice. Hydin was localized to ependymal cells in the brain, but it was not known whether mutations in hydin cause hydrocephalus by impairing ciliary motility leading to disruption of CSF fluid flow, or by some other mechanisms such as signaling defects. Comparative genomics identified homologs of the hydin gene in small organisms possessing motile cilia and flagella. To determine whether hydin causes hydrocephalus by impairing ciliary motility, I knocked out hydin gene in Tetrahymena. Mutating hydin gene had a dramatic effect on cell motility. Electron microscopic studies of axonemes isolated from mutant cells showed that lack a partial central pair indicating that it is a central pair protein (Kabi et al., In prep). Hence, these results show that hydin in essential for normal ciliary motility. Ciliary movement is essential for normal CSF flow and thus, mutations in hydin can cause hydrocephalus by impairing ciliary motility.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pennock, David.
Subjects: Cellular biology
Keywords: cilia; axoneme; dynein; hydin; hydrocephalus; Tetrahymena thermophila; LC-MS/MS
More Like This
9.
Kabir, Amin.
Phase coherent photorefractive effect in II-VI semiconductor quantum wells and its application for optical coherence imaging.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences: Physics, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► The phase coherent photorefractive (PCP) effect in different ZnSe quantum well structures…
(more)
▼ The phase coherent photorefractive (PCP) effect in different ZnSe quantum well structures and its dependence on various extrinsic and intrinsic parameters have been investigated using 90 fs laser pulse in a two-beam four-wave-mixing (FWM) configuration. At low excitation intensities the signal is dominated by the PCP effect (which is attributed to a long living electron grating formed in the QW due to coherent QW excitons) and pulse overlap (PO) effect while at high excitation intensities it is governed by Χ(3) FWM processes and the PO effect. With increasing excitation intensity the signal dip at pulse overlap (τ ≈ 0) which is characteristic for the destructive interference between the PO and PCP effect shifts to positive delay times τ > 0. The higher PCP diffraction efficiency value of ~1.5 x10-3 in QW B (Zn0.92Mg0.08Se/ZnSe) as compared to the value of ~3.5 x10-4 in QW A (Zn0.94Mg0.06Se/ZnSe) at 55 K is attributed to an increased Mg concentration in the barrier of QW B leading to a higher captured equilibrium electron density ne. Repetition rate dependent measurements on QW B show a drop of the diffraction efficiency for repetition times larger than 1.25 µs which is attributed to the reduction of the electron grating amplitude due to thermally activated electron tunneling. FWM experiments on two 10 nm ZnSe QWs with different barrier thicknesses of 20 (QW1) and 50 nm (QW2) between the QW and substrate show a redshift of the exciton line and an increased exciton dephasing rate due to increasing E-field induced tilt of the QW structure indicating an increased density of captured electrons ne. At temperatures below 35 K and laser excitation close to the exciton energy the creation of trions significantly compensates the formation of the spatially modulated electron density grating. At lower excitation energies increasing space-charge-fields significantly tilt the QW which reduces the trion binding energy leading to an enhanced thermal ionization of trions resulting in a strong PCP effect at even low temperature. Because of the thermal dissociation of trions at temperatures above 40 K a significant PCP effect exists even at nearly exciton resonant excitation. Model calculations of the signal traces which are based on the optical Bloch equations considering E-field induced inhomogeneous broadening of exciton energies are in good agreement to the experimental exciton traces observed at different excitation condition. Using the time-gating capability of PCP QWs we have demonstrated “single-shot” three-dimensional optical coherence imaging (OCI) in which the depth of an object is determined from the brightness profile of its holographic image. We present real-time and depth-resolved OCI of moving glass beads of ~100 micrometer size in solution. We have also performed “contrast-enhanced” OCI experiment which enables the detection of both reflecting and absorbing objects providing real-size images within an unlimited field-of-depth. Improved PCP QW with higher diffraction efficiencies and a combined recording of objects in both OCI modes bear tremendous potential for monitoring dynamical processes in biological systems and for particle detection.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wagner, Hans Peter.
Subjects: Condensation
Keywords: Phase coerent photorefractive effect; Single-shot 3D OCI; Contrast-enhanced OCI; ZnSe quantum well; Trion; Electron tunneling
More Like This
10.
Kabir, Fatema Q.
Phenomenon of Visual Perception Seen Over Wexner Center for Visual Arts and Knowlton School of Architecture.
Degree: M. Arch., Architecture, 2009, Ohio State University
► The visual world is about an individual's perception or understanding, while…
(more)
▼ The visual world is about an individual's perception or understanding, while one unfolds the concepts of visual phenomenon multiple unknown characters come to fore. The realization of these changes is accredited to elapse of time and cognition of brain and eye. There are multiple layers involved in visual perception for knowing the intended phenomenon. In the first layer the characters are neutral and unidentified on the given picture plane. They create what is called the retinal images in the back of the eye. Once the brain registers these fragments in each other's proximity it is able to recognize the image as whole. The recognition may also be accredited to historicizing. The essence of visual perception lies in the analysis of the view; this could be in either of the following two ways; exploring the real from the created illusions or experiencing the overall space by getting integrated within, through the view. For a writer experiencing is the most important is well said by Maurice Merleau-Ponty; “How would the painter or poet express anything other than his encounter with the world?”1 For a writer of any field, experiencing what they write would be their practical knowledge. It plays the role of chemistry or biology laboratory. Similarly in architecture understanding human perceptions needs personal experiencing. Knowing that visual perception has multiple phenomenons to display, minimum number of structures studied could not be less than two and considering the factor of laboratory backup to my thesis (as I would call it), It was ideal for them to be located on Ohio State University campus. The cases studies carried out during the Thesis; explore the multiple layers of perception that happen in the structures. Peter Eisenman's Wexner Center of 1989 is probably one of his unintentional design that envelopes the optical illusion phenomenon of visual perception in it very artistically. The structure is one that functionalists might refute but experientialists would support. They would also support Mack Scogin Merill Elam Architects' Knowlton School of Architecture of 2004 which identifies Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology it its spatial quality. 1 - Pallasma, Juhani. The eyes of the skin: Architecture and the Senses, Touching the World. Great Britain, TJ international
Advisors/Committee Members: Mcmorrough, John.
Subjects: Architecture; Behaviorial sciences; Psychology
Keywords: visual perception, visual phenomenon, Optical illusion, Wexner Center, Knowlton School of Architecture, Phenomenology of Visual Perception
More Like This
11.
Kable, Bhushan M.
Identifying Structurally Significant Items Using Matrix Reanalysis Techniques.
Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2009, Wright State University
► Knowledge of critical structural items for an aircraft structural system is crucial…
(more)
▼ Knowledge of critical structural items for an aircraft structural system is crucial for any risk integrated design and maintenance procedure. These critical items are those whose failure can cause catastrophic damage to the entire structure or result in loss of availability. For example, failure of the fuselage longeron of an F-15 aircraft resulted in the separation of the aircraft cockpit from the rest of the structure, resulting in a complete loss of the aircraft. This is clearly a critical structural item that was identified during the design process but did not have appropriate design, manufacturing, or maintenance controls that could have prevented the accident through early detection of manufacturing flaws. While this failure is catastrophic, there can be other damage scenarios that are not catastrophic but they could lower aircraft availability due to maintenance and repair requirements. Moreover, these critical structural items can be in areas of the aircraft that require extensive teardown in order to assess their condition. Therefore, along with the criticality of the structural failure, the location of the component also becomes important. In this research, Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) will be used to integrate, event criticality, event frequency, and damage detection capability into one metric. This process enables integration of structural sizing and maintenance planning to minimize the operational cost while maximizing the aircraft availability. This process can also be used to quantify the impact of structural health monitoring system on the overall risk of failure of the structure. In this research, a Boeing 707 lower wing skin with stiffeners is used to demonstrate the process of developing an FMECA procedure for structural systems. In order to make this process applicable for large scale systems efficient structural re-analysis methods that minimize the analysis cost are also implemented. This FMECA process can be used to develop design, manufacturing, and maintenance controls that ensure quality and health of the critical structural items.
Advisors/Committee Members: Penmetsa, Ravi.
Subjects: Aerospace materials; Design; Engineering; Industrial engineering; Mechanical engineering
Keywords: severity; vulnerability; reliability; reanalysis; significant; risk; matrix; FMECA; FMEA; DFMEA; stiffness matrix; Nastran; Abaqus; code; Matlab; sensitivity
More Like This
12.
Kabre, Tushar Shriram.
Co3O4 Thin Films: Sol-Gel Synthesis, Electrocatalytic Properties & Photoelectrochemistry.
Degree: MS, Chemistry, 2011, Ohio State University
► World energy consumption is bound to increase with the increasing population. Fossil…
(more)
▼ World energy consumption is bound to increase with the increasing population. Fossil fuels widely used today, are limited in their supply. Moreover, high CO2 emission from their widespread usage is believed to have caused the global warming. Clearly, in the long run an economy based entirely on the fossil fuels is not a sustainable economy. It is therefore very important than ever before, to innovate new and sustainable ways to harvest the solar energy. With this view, work presented here investigates the electro- catalytic and photo-electrochemical properties of Co3O4 thin films prepared by the sol-gel method, for the purpose of water splitting and solar cells. The thin films synthesized were characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The electrocatalysis studies were done for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). OER reaction is the half reaction occurring at anode in water splitting cell. It has large overpotential, which brings the overall efficiency of the electrochemical water splitting down. Therefore, better OER electrocatalysts are required. In the OER experiments, we used the electrochemical milling (ECM) on Co3O4 thin films, to generate the nanoporous Co3O4. Electrochemical measurements were done in 1M NaOH solution with the thin films as working electrode in a typical three-electrode assembly. OER performance for these ECM treated sample increased compared to samples without ECM treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of samples were taken at different stages of experiments to detect any change in surface morphology. The planar surface of the thin films was found to have changed to hexagonal plates after ECM treatment, and they were only formed after exposing ECM treated samples to 1M NaOH. XPS investigation revealed the formation of CoO from Co3O4 because of ECM. These hexagonal plates were identified to be cobalt oxyhydroxide, using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). CoO(OH) is known to have higher conductivity. Hence increased OER performance of CoO(OH) thin films is maybe due to the overall increase in effective active sites. Wide band gap semiconductors such as TiO2 or ZnO are limited to UV region of solar spectrum. Therefore, small band gap semiconductors such as Co3O4 with absorption in visible solar spectrum can potentially harvest higher amount of the solar energy. Reported studies of photo-electrochemical (PEC) properties of Co3O4 are very scarce. Hence, this work is partly focused on developing working procedure of stable photocurrent measurement for Co3O4 thin films. High absorption in the visible region of the solar spectrum was the initial motivating factor for pursuing the PEC study of Co3O4. Photocurrent measurements were done using a Xe lamp as the light source. In all electrochemical measurements, a typical three-electrode assembly was used with Co3O4 used as working electrode. Many different electrolytes - aqueous as well as non-aqueous - were used. The photocurrent obtained was found to be very low, ~ 10-20 μA at the maximum. Transient photocurrent was observed, maybe due to the surface trapped minority carriers. Large background dark current was present in almost all systems. It could be due to porous nature of the thin films, exposing FTO to the electrolyte.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wu, Dr Yiying.
Subjects: Chemistry
Keywords: OER, PEC, Co3O4, cobalt oxide
More Like This
13.
Kaburi, Sammy Muriithi.
Community Perspectives on Fuelwood Resources: Enrichment and Extraction along the Eastern Slopes of Mt. Kenya.
Degree: MA, Geography, 2010, Miami University
► Communities living near protected forests rely on these areas to supply fuelwood…
(more)
▼ Communities living near protected forests rely on these areas to supply fuelwood among other extractive resources. This research was conducted in Kiang’ondu sub-location within the eastern buffer zone of Mount Kenya Forest Reserve and addressed two research questions. 1) What is the diversity of fuelwood resources that communities extract from the forest reserve and enrich in their home areas? 2) What are the perceptions of communities about the opportunities for a sustainable fuelwood supply? Mixed participatory exercises revealed 32 fuelwood plants, native and non-native, which are acquired from the forest reserve or from people’s homes and farmlands. These plants differ by their other material uses, attributes as a fuelwood, and ease of propagation. Use practices and perceptions vary with distance from the reserve but people are not fuelwood limited. Adaptive resource management can build from a local understanding of fuelwood that enhances conservation practices toward a sustainable supply.
Advisors/Committee Members: Medley, Kimberly.
Subjects: Geography
Keywords: Communities, Extraction, Enrichment, Diversity, Fuelwood, Participation, Conservation
More Like This
14.
Kachi, Reiko.
Factors predicting native and nonnative listeners' evaluative reactions to Japanese English.
Degree: PhD, Teaching and Learning, 2004, Ohio State University
► The World Englishes and English as an International Language (EIL) points of…
(more)
▼ The World Englishes and English as an International Language (EIL) points of view have challenged the traditional schemes of applied linguistics research. Since English belongs to all the worldwide users, nonnative speakers’ perspectives should be acknowledged with as much attention as those of native speakers. Consequently, the current study investigated native and nonnative listeners’ evaluative reactions to and the intelligibility of Japanese English, a nonnative English variety. Japanese English was chosen as the target of investigation, due to the importance of English-medium international communication for Japanese people and its exemption from localized norms. Quantitative as well as qualitative methods were employed for triangulation and complementarity. In the ex post facto study, listeners’ native language backgrounds (i.e., American English, Hindi, Mandarin, and Japanese), as well as the speakers’ proficiency levels, were hypothesized as the predictors of the evaluative reactions to and the intelligibility of Japanese English. Also investigated as possible factors were the listeners’ gender, familiarity with Japanese English, and exposure to nonnative speakers of English other than Japanese English speakers. Eighty-four undergraduate and graduate students recruited at an American university listened to extemporaneous speech. The listeners evaluated it on a semantic differential scale and also completed a word-for-word dictation task for the intelligibility. For further qualitative interviews, thirteen participants were recruited from the ex post facto study. Regression analyses indicated that the Hindi speakers were the most critical of Japanese English while the American participants were the most positive about it, especially about rudimentary speakers. Reactions from Chinese and Japanese participants turned out to be similar. Japanese English speech was more intelligible than native speech, at least to Chinese and Japanese listeners. Interviews revealed that the Hindi speakers were irritated by the choppiness of Japanese speech, while the other nonnative participants were generally more sympathetic. The power imbalance among different types of English users was also articulated. Based on the results of the study, implications were presented for applied linguistics research and English education, especially where international communication was the goal of instruction. Additionally, recommendations for further studies were included.
Advisors/Committee Members: Samimy, Keiko K.
Keywords: English; World Englishes; English as an International Language; nonnative speakers; attitudes; evaluative reactions; intelligibility; Japanese English
More Like This
15.
Kachoub, Bouchra.
The Relationship of L2 Attitudes to L3 Attitudes and Learning: A Study of Moroccan University Students.
Degree: MA, Linguistics (Arts and Sciences), 2010, Ohio University
► This mixed-methods study of 221 Moroccan university student looks at the attitudes…
(more)
▼ This mixed-methods study of 221 Moroccan university student looks at the attitudes of the L2, French, and the L3, English. It specifically attempts to find out how L3 learning and attitudes are affected by the attitude of the L2 experience. The population consisted of French Studies students and English Studies students. The data of this study were collected through a questionnaire and a focus group interview. Results showed that there was no relationship found between the attitudes of L2 and L3 of the English Studies group. However, a weak relationship was found in the attitudes of the French Studies group. Further tests proved that the relationship was coincidental. Thus, the attitudes of the L2 and the L3 are independent from each other.
Advisors/Committee Members: Githinji, Peter.
Subjects: Bilingual education; Education; Educational psychology; Educational sociology; Language; Linguistics
Keywords: Language attitudes in Africa; attitudes towards L2 and L3; attitudes towards French and English; multilingualism in Morocco; social psychology of the Moroccan language learner; transferability of attitudes from the L2 to L3
More Like This
16.
Kachuba, John B.
The Reich Photographer's Tale.
Degree: MA, English (Arts and Sciences), 2003, Ohio University
► The Reich Photographer’s Tale is a collection of six short stories, each…
(more)
▼ The Reich Photographer’s Tale is a collection of six short stories, each of which is either true historical fiction, in which history itself serves as a character in that it has a direct affect upon other characters in the story, or historically-influenced fiction in which the history portrayed in the story is important, but secondary to, the motives of the characters. The distinction between these two forms of fiction is discussed at length in the Introduction. The genesis for the stories in this collection derive both from the author’s personal experiences as well as his strong interest in history and have been influenced by several who have written about historical events. A partial list of these writers includes John Barth, Thomas Berger, T.C. Boyle, Joseph Heller, William Styron, Kurt Vonnegut and James Welch.
Advisors/Committee Members: Spencer, Darrell.
Subjects: Literature, English
Keywords: Short Stories; English Literature; Thesis; historical fiction
More Like This
17.
Kacsir, Marci Adair.
If I Had a Puppy.
Degree: MA, Creative Writing, 2006, Miami University
► This manuscript is focused on poetry that combines the musicality of language…
(more)
▼ This manuscript is focused on poetry that combines the musicality of language with a limited space specifically so that the attention to language is heightened. I hope to get the readers involved in the poems through this kind of hyper-awareness and, at times, direct address. Directly speaking to my audience allows me to involve the readers in contemporary conversations in a way that less direct approaches often do not. Also, smaller, compressed forms offer a dimension of pressure on the line, call attention to the music in the language, and lend themselves to social commentary in a way I find particularly interesting. These poems are also influenced by the lyric tradition, especially the colloquial quality in the ballads. I see brevity not as a challenge but as an opportunity to leave something lingering with the audience long after the poem as been read.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tuma, Keith.
Subjects: Fine Arts
Keywords: direct address; compressed forms; colloquial; social commentary; musicality of language
More Like This
18.
Kaczorowski, Kimberly E.
The Anatomy of Love: What It Is, With All the Kinds, Causes, Symptoms, Prognostics, and Several Cures of It.
Degree: MA, Creative Writing, 2009, Miami University
► This is a collection of short stories that take place in, or…
(more)
▼ This is a collection of short stories that take place in, or are influenced by events that originated at, Athens, Georgia. Several members in a group of friends fall in and out of love and mature over a period of eight years. Through the length of the manuscript with the use of animal images and long descriptions of houses and landscape I aim to alter the way characters are formed in fiction.
Advisors/Committee Members: Goodman, Eric.
Subjects: American literature; English literature; Fine Arts
Keywords: creative writing; short stories; interlinked short stories; southern literature; love stories; animal stories
More Like This
19.
KADAMBARI, SIREESHA.
USING TRACKING AND BUFFERING TO IMPROVE DELIVERY PERFORMANCE IN AD HOC NETWORKS.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Computer Engineering, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts dynamically…
(more)
▼ An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts dynamically forming a network without the use of any existing stationary network infrastructure. If two nodes in an ad hoc network are not in each other's communication range, data packets must be routed by intermediate nodes. Routing in an ad hoc networks is a significant challenge because of the difficulty in maintaining a successful communication path between a source-destination pair in spite of changing topology. This is complicated by the fact that most wireless networks have low bandwidth, thus routing and data forwarding must be done prudently so as not to overwhelm a low capacity network. A significant amount of work has been done in designing efficient routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks and many routing protocols have been developed. The focus of the community, however, has been on best effort traffic where packets must be routed as quickly as possible with minimum possible delay. However, it turns out that routing performance in terms of bandwidth usage and throughput may improve if packets are allowed to wait in buffers at the source or at intermediate nodes and are delivered to destinations with a minimum number of hop-wise transmissions at opportune moments. This obviously reduces bandwidth usage as a small number of transmissions are needed to deliver a packet. It also indirectly improves throughput as packet losses become less likely as packets are buffered when routes are unavailable and also packets are exposed less to wireless channel errors. However, the buffering increases end-to-end packet delay; so such an approach is applicable only to delay-tolerant applications. Also, care must be taken to prevent starvation where packets wait indefinitely in the buffers. In this thesis, we design and develop two location-based routing protocols "Geographic Forwarding with Buffering" and "Topology Based Forwarding with Buffering" based on the above idea that encourages buffering to gain better bandwidth usage and lower packet loss. The protocols use intelligent location tracking. Tracking is provided by a dead reckoning-based location service developed earlier. Packets are buffered when the destination is far and forwarded when it comes near. Packets are also buffered when congestion develops or when no route is available. The protocols are implemented in the network simulator Glomosim and their performance is evaluated against two standard routing protocols: one location based - GPSR and the other non-location based - AODV. The evaluations show that our protocols offer much better packet delivery ratios, often close to 100 % as well as a significant reduction in average hop-wise transmissions per packet, while the end-to-end delay degrades only slightly.
Advisors/Committee Members: Das, Dr. Samir R.
Keywords: Ad Hoc Networks; routing protocols; wireless networks; bandwidth; location tracking
More Like This
20.
KADAM, PRASAD H.
DEVELOPMENT AND COMPARISON OF ANALYTIC, NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES TO FORMULATE FOUR-POLE MATRICES OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Mechanical Engineering, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► Four-pole matrix approach is a very convenient concept in modeling acoustic systems,…
(more)
▼ Four-pole matrix approach is a very convenient concept in modeling acoustic systems, its application has been limited mainly to systems composed of only one-dimensional (1-D) or lumped parameter elements due to the difficulty in formulating four poles of three dimensional (3-D) cavities. In this work, an experimental procedure is developed to obtain four poles of 3-D cavities. The procedure is validated by comparing the four poles obtained experimentally for a rigid-walled rectangular cavity with the four poles obtained by analytical and numerical procedures. Establishing an experimental procedure for four pole formulation is significant as it enables application of the four pole approach to virtually any acoustic systems. The concept of hybrid modeling, which is building the system model by combining experimental, numerical and analytical models, is demonstrated through a simple example as the best application of the four pole approach.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kim, Dr. Jay H.
Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical
Keywords: Acoustics, Hybrid Modeling, Four Pole Matrix, Data Acquisition
More Like This
21.
Kadiyala, Akhil.
Identification of Factors Affecting Contaminant Levels and Determination of Infiltration of Ambient Contaminants in Public Transport Buses Operating on Biodiesel and ULSD Fuels.
Degree: MS, Civil Engineering, 2008, University of Toledo
► This experimental project presents a comprehensive study of indoor pollutant behavior in…
(more)
▼ This experimental project presents a comprehensive study of indoor pollutant behavior in the public transport buses in the city of Toledo running on alternative fuels and an understanding of the contribution of outdoor pollutant concentrations to in-vehicle pollutant levels. The indoor pollutants monitored are particulate matter, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitric oxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Temperature and relative humidity are also measured inside the vehicle in addition to the in-vehicle pollutants. The various factors affecting indoor air quality are indoor sources of pollutants (people, furniture, etc.), ventilation, outdoor air quality, meteorology, pollutant decay, and vehicular traffic. The diurnal, monthly, and seasonal variations of the pollutants are studied. The pollutant level buildup within a bus compartment is due to a combination of different factors and not a result of variation due to a single variable. As the bus is in motion and factors influencing the indoor pollutant levels keep changing randomly, it is difficult to identify specific monthly and seasonal trends. However, pollutant concentration levels are found to be highly influenced by peak hours in the morning and evening and a discussion is provided on identifying the factors that could have influenced monthly and seasonal variations. Relatively higher pollutant concentrations are observed for majority of the pollutants in winter when there is not much air exchange in the bus compartment. The trend study revealed that the concentrations were mainly influenced by peak hours, ventilation settings, vehicular traffic, passenger ridership, and meteorology. The factors influencing pollutant levels with respect to month and season are identified. The regression tree analysis helped identify the various factors affecting in-vehicle pollutant levels and the relationships between independent variables and indoor pollutant concentrations. The meteorological effect study revealed wind direction to be the most significant meteorological variable for all the gaseous pollutants while particulate matter levels are found to be mainly influenced by ambient PM2.5 concentrations and visibility. Different combinations of variables were able to explain the trends of monitored indoor pollutants. The contribution of ambient concentration to the indoor concentration levels was determined by calculating infiltration factors using two different methods for both biodiesel and ULSD buses. The analysis revealed that the indoor air quality levels are better in a biodiesel bus as compared to the ULSD bus. It was also observed that nearly 50-70% of the pollutants found indoors are generated outdoors for all the pollutants except nitrogen dioxide. Exposure of passengers and drivers to the indoor pollutants monitored were determined using time weighted concentration and compared to available health standards. The study revealed that the drivers are safe from exposure to gaseous as well as particulate contaminants. It is hoped that this study and analysis of in-vehicle pollutant trends will provide crucial information to indoor air quality regulators and decision makers in understanding the IAQ in transit vehicles and to regulate the indoor air quality standards.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kumar, Ashok.
Subjects: Civil engineering; Environmental engineering; Transportation
Keywords: Indoor Air Quality, Regression Tree Analysis, CART, Infiltration factor, Alternative fuels, Biodiesel, ULSD, Public Transport, TARTA, Exposure
More Like This
22.
Kadiyala, Akhil.
Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Approach to Study In-Bus Exposure Using Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence Methods.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2012, University of Toledo
► The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate an integrated…
(more)
▼ The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate an integrated approach to model the occupant exposure to in-bus contaminants using the advanced methods of data mining and artificial intelligence. The research objective was accomplished by executing the following steps. Firstly, an experimental field program was implemented to develop a comprehensive one-year database of the hourly averaged in-bus air contaminants (carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), 0.3-0.4 micrometer (µm) sized particle numbers, 0.4-0.5 µm sized particle numbers, particulate matter (PM) concentrations less than 1.0 µm (PM1.0), PM concentrations less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and PM concentrations less than 10.0 µm (PM10.0)) and the independent variables (meteorological variables, time-related variables, indoor sources, on-road variables, ventilation settings, and ambient concentrations) that can affect indoor air quality (IAQ). Secondly, a novel approach to characterize in-bus air quality was developed with data mining techniques that incorporated the use of regression trees and the analysis of variance. Thirdly, a new approach to modeling in-bus air quality was established with the development of hybrid genetic algorithm based neural networks (or evolutionary neural networks) with input variables optimized from using the data mining techniques, referred to as the GART approach. Next, the prediction results from the GART approach were evaluated using a comprehensive set of newly developed IAQ operational performance measures. Finally, the occupant exposure to in-bus contaminants was determined by computing the time weighted average (TWA) and comparing them with the recommended IAQ guidelines. In-bus PM concentrations and sub-micron particle numbers were predominantly influenced by the month/season of the year. In-bus SO2 concentrations were mainly affected by indoor relative humidity (RH) and the month of the year. NO concentrations inside the bus cabin were largely influenced by the indoor RH, while NO2 concentrations primarily varied with the month of the year. Passenger ridership and the month of the year mainly affected the in-bus CO2 concentrations; while the month and sky conditions had a significant impact on CO concentrations within the bus compartment. The hybrid GART models captured majority of the variance in in-bus contaminant concentrations and performed much better than the traditional artificial neural networks methods of back propagation and radial basis function networks. Exposure results indicated the average 8-hr. exposure of biodiesel bus occupants to CO2, CO, NO, SO2, and PM2.5 to be 559.67 ppm (± 45.01), 18.33 ppm (± 9.23), 5.23 ppm (± 4.49), 0.13 ppm (± 0.01), and 13.75 µg/m3 (± 4.24), respectively. The statistical significance of the difference in exposure levels to in-bus contaminants were compared during morning, afternoon, and evening/night time periods. There was statistically significant difference only between the morning (driver 1) and the evening/night (driver 3) exposure levels for CO2 and PM2.5. CO levels exceeded the TWA in some months.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kumar, Dr. Ashok.
Subjects: Civil Engineering; Environmental Engineering; Environmental Health
Keywords: Indoor Air Quality; Public Transportation Buses; Biodiesel; Data Mining; Sensitivity of the Regression Trees; Artificial Neural Networks; Genetic Algorithm Neural Networks; Evolutionary Neural Networks; In-Bus Exposure; Air Quality Model Validation
More Like This
24.
KADLECK, COLLEEN.
POLICE UNIONS: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION.
Degree: PhD, Education : Criminal Justice, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► Police employee organizations and unions have long been seen as obstacles to…
(more)
▼ Police employee organizations and unions have long been seen as obstacles to police chiefs and to policy implementation (Walker 1984). More recently, police unions have been identified as an obstacle to the implementation of community policing (Sadd and Grinc 1996). While much has been written concerning police unions, most of the studies are based on anecdotal accounts of police labor relations in a particular department (see Levi 1977 for a representative piece of union research). Police unions have yet to be described or examined empirically. This work uses a large representative sample of police agencies as a starting point to survey both police chiefs and police union leaders to answer three major research questions: (1) what are the characteristics of the typical police employee organization? (2) what are police chief and police employee organization leader perceptions of police labor relationships? and (3) to what extent do police employee organizations interfere with the implementation of community policing? The findings of this research suggest that police employee organizations share many of the characteristics of police agencies: most are relatively small and locally based. Police chiefs and police employee organization leaders have somewhat different perceptions of police labor relationships and these perceptions appear to be related to experience and conflict. Very few police chiefs or police employee organization leaders reported conflict over the implementation of community policing in the last three years.
Advisors/Committee Members: Travis, III, Dr. Lawrence F.
Subjects: Sociology, Criminology and Penology
Keywords: POLICE UNIONS; LABOR RELATIONS; COMMUNITY POLICING; HISTORY OF POLICE UNIONS
More Like This
25.
Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko.
Nucleocytoplasmic transport ofmRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Degree: PhD, Pathology, 1994, Case Western Reserve University
► Nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules across nuclear membrane was the essential invention during…
(more)
▼ Nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules across nuclear membrane was the essential invention during evolution of eukaryotes. This bidirectional transport is carried out by a machine, the nuclear pore complex, that is anchored in both layers of the nuclear envelope. Although significant progress has been made in understanding of the mechanisms of nuclear protein import, very little is known about the mechanisms of RNA export from nucleus to cytoplasm. To learn molecular and cellular mechanisms of mRNA transport, a genetic approach using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, i.e., the isolation of mRNA transport defective (mtr) mutants followed by their characterization was undertaken. Twenty one temperature sensitive mutants that accumulate polyA+RNA in the nucleus at the restrictive temperature were isolated by a suicide selection enrichment procedure and by a screen of random temperature sensitive mutants. These mtr mutants were classified into sixteen different complementation groups, mtr1-mtr16. The mutants also exhibit different accumulation patterns of polyA+RNA in the nucleus, suggesting they might have lesions in the different steps of mRNA transport pathway. The first of mtr mutants, mtr1-1 has been characterized in detail and it has multiple defects on RNA processing and transport. Since the structure of mRNA synthesized in mtr1-1 is substantially normal, the mtr1-1 mutation affects the mRNA transport machinery. MTR1 and its homologs are nuclear proteins consisting of seven repeat units and appear to encode guanine nucleotide release proteins on small nuclear GTPases. It is therefore proposed MTR1 and its homologs act as regulators for RNA processing and transport by activating nuclear GTPases. This function is universal in various species and not related to the regulation of cell cycle progression or the state of chromatin organization. The second mtr mutant, mtr2-1 has been characterized, and mRNA export is blocked at the intermediate path of mRNA export in this mutant. PolyA+RNA accumulated in the nucleus closely associates with nucleolar proteins, suggesting the possible interaction between the nucleolus and the mRNA transport machinery. MTR2 is a 21kD protein which is poorly expressed and concentrated in the nucleus.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tartakoff, Alan M.
Keywords: Nucleocytoplasmic transport of mRNA Saccharomyces cerevisiae
More Like This
27.
Kadyrov, Shirali.
Entropy and Escape of Mass in Non-Compact Homogeneous Spaces.
Degree: PhD, Mathematics, 2010, Ohio State University
► We study the limit of a sequence of probability measures on a…
(more)
▼ We study the limit of a sequence of probability measures on a non-compact homogeneous spaces invariant under diagonalizable flow. In this context the limit measure may not be probability. Our particular interest is to study how much mass could be left in the limit if we additionally assume that our measures have high entropy. This is a part of the project on generalizing a theorem of M. Einsiedler, E. Lindenstrauss, Ph. Michel, and A. Venkatesh. They prove that for any sequence (μi) of probability measure on SL2(ℤ)\SL2(ℝ) invariant under the time-one-map T of geodesic flow with entropies hμi(T) ≥ c one has that any weak* limit μ of μi has at least μ(X) ≥ 2c−1 mass left. We first consider the homogeneous space SL3(ℤ)\SL3(ℝ) with an action T of a particular diagonal element diag(e1/2, e1/2, e-1) and prove a generalization. Next, by constructing T-invariant probability measure with high entropy we show that our result is sharp. We also consider the Hilbert Modular space type quotient spaces and again obtain the a generalization by studying any diagonal element. As an application one can calculate an upper bound for the Hausdorff dimension of the set of points that lie on divergent trajectories with respect to the diagonal element considered, giving an alternative proof to a result of Y. Cheung. The work regarding SL3(ℤ)\SL3(ℝ) is joint work with my co-adviser M.Einsiedler.
Advisors/Committee Members: Shah, Nimish.
Subjects: Mathematics
Keywords: Ergodic Theory; Homogeneous spaces; entropy
More Like This
28.
Kaelber, Kara Young.
Empathy and Self-Construals: An Exploratory Study of Eastern and Western Master’s-Level Counseling Students.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education and Supervision, 2008, University of Akron
► The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of empathy…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of empathy between Eastern and Western master’s-level counseling students and the relationship between the degree of empathy and the level of self-construals among those students. Participants consisted of 101 students enrolled in counseling programs at two universities, one in Thailand (n = 48) and the other in the Midwestern United States of America (n = 53). The participants were administered the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1980), used to measure three types of empathy, and the Self-Construal Scale (SCS; Singelis, 1994), used to measure independent and interdependent self-construals. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that the Western group of participants displayed significantly higher IRI scores on the subscales of Perspective Taking and Empathic Concern than did the Eastern group of participants. Bivariate correlational analyses indicated a significant, positive relationship between the SCS independent scores and the IRI scores on the subscales of Perspective Taking, Empathic Concern, and Fantasy Scale. However, it should be noted that these results cannot be inferred to mean that Western master’s-level counseling students are more empathic than Eastern master’s-level counseling students, or that an independent self-construal leads to increased empathy. Although prior cross-cultural research demonstrated that Western and Eastern persons have different linguistic, cognitive, and affective expressions, follow-up statistical analyses demonstrated that Western and Eastern participants did not significantly differ in SCS scores (i.e., independent versus interdependent self-construals), which suggested that the sample population was more homogeneous in their cultural orientations than anticipated. Finally, factors unrelated to this study’s research design,such as the degree of training of empathy, may have influenced the results in spurious ways. Because the results showed that Western participants evidenced a greater number of semesters in their master’s-level counseling program than Eastern participants, and the number of semesters of study was significantly positively correlated with IRI scores, perhaps, master’s-level training influenced results over and above participants’ cultural orientation. The implications of these findings for counselor education, supervision, practice and research and recommendations for future cross-cultural empathy research were discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schwartz, Robert.
Subjects: Academic guidance counseling; Adult education; American studies; Asian literature; Behaviorial sciences; Education; Multicultural education; Personal relationships; Psychology; Social psychology; Social research; Social structure
Keywords: empathy; self-construals; independent self-construals; interdependent self-construals; independence; interdependence; cross-cultural empathy; Western; Eastern; master's-level counseling students; individualism; collectivism
More Like This
29.
Kaercher, Julianne C.
Female Duality and Petrarchan Ideals in Titian's Sacred And Profane Love.
Degree: MA, Art/Art History, 2009, Bowling Green State University
► Painted around 1514 in Venice, Titian's Sacred and Profane Love has long…
(more)
▼ Painted around 1514 in Venice, Titian's Sacred and Profane Love has long been thesubject of debate in Art History. Building on previous scholarship, including work from Charles Hope, Walter Friedläender, and Rona Goffen, this essay looks into the triangulated relationship created between the two women and the viewer through real and implied gazes, and how this relationship addresses a specific patron's desire to self-fashion an identity that would be projected for a specific audience. Where previous scholars have argued that Niccolò Aurelio commissioned this painting as a wedding gift, this paper suggests a new reading of the commissioning in light of the female patron, Laura Bagarotto, and her desire to self-fashion an identity not only to her new husband, but also to the society in which she newly found herself a part. In addition to the discussion on patronage, this paper will use Petrarch's writings and influence as a frame for the examination of Titian's Sacred and Profane Love by exploring Petrarchan conceptions of the ideal woman and connecting the double figuration in the painting to Laura Bagarotto's dual roles as bride and widow. In so doing, this essay provides a new interpretation of the idealized renaissance female by drawing attention to the inherent duality of women, identified by Petrarch, as conflicting yet necessary female characteristics. Approaching this painting multi-dimensionally” looking at the influence of Petrarch, the social circumstances surrounding the commissioning, and examining other artistic representations of idealized women” it will be possible to question the assumed male patronage of the piece.
Advisors/Committee Members: Terry, Allie.
Subjects: Art History
Keywords: Titian; Sacred and Profane Love; Petrarch; patronage
More Like This
30.
Kaewsakhorn, Thattawan.
Roles of calcitriol and its analog on canine transitional cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo, and in normal canine prostate tissue explaints.
Degree: PhD, Veterinary Biosciences, 2007, Ohio State University
► Although increasing data indicates inhibitory roles of calcitriol on tumor growth in…
(more)
▼ Although increasing data indicates inhibitory roles of calcitriol on tumor growth in humans, little is known about its effects on canine tumors. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of calcitriol and its analogs on canine transitional cell carcinoma and canine prostate tissue explants. First, we investigated effects of calcitriol, seocalcitol and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) on a canine transitional cell carcinoma cell line (TCC). The effects of calcitriol and seocalcitol on cell growth, cell cycle, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Bcl-2 expression were determined with/without MCT. Second, we established a canine TCC mouse-xenograft model and used this model to examine effects of calcitriol, seocalcitol, and piroxicam on tumor growth. Third, the effects of calcitriol and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were evaluated on arginine esterase (AE) acitivity and VDR expression in normal canine prostate tissue explants. In summary, our results showed that the VDR is present in canine TCC tumor and in the canine prostate. Calcitriol and seocalcitol significantly inhibited cell growth and calcitriol caused cell cycle arrest. Bcl-2 expression was decreased in cells treated with these compounds, although no significant changes in VDR expression were observed. MCT enhanced the growth-inhibitory effects of both compounds. We developed and used a canine TCC-mouse xenograft model to evaluate and compare the inhibitory effects of calcitriol, seocalcitol and piroxicam. Results showed that only seocalcitol reduced tumor volume compared to controls. The inhibitory effect of seocalcitol on tumor growth was supported by data from a Ki-67 staining. Blood calcium was higher in both calcitriol-and seocalcitol-treated mice compared to controls. In summary, our findings suggest a potential use for calcitriol and seocalcitol for the treatment canine TCC. We demonstrated that DHT increased AE activity and VDR expression in canine prostate tissue explants; however, there was no increase in AE activity in calcitriol-treated explants and a decreased in VDR expression. These results indicated that canine prostate tissue explants are a valuable model for the study of prostate pathobiology and pharmaceutical interventions. They also provided a basis for further investigation of roles of calcitriol as a therapeutic/preventative agent in benign prostatic hyperplasia in both dogs and humans.
Advisors/Committee Members: Inpanbutr, Nongnuch.
Keywords: calcitriol, seocalcitol, canine transitional cell carcinoma, canine prostate gland
More Like This
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [82]
