976 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
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1.
JABBARI, BEHZAD J.
EXPERIMENTS IN PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH ON THE INTERNET.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Political Science, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► In the past decade, access to the Internet has substantially increased, and…
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▼ In the past decade, access to the Internet has substantially increased, and now various commercial software packages provide the means for researchers to readily design and create online surveys in a short period of time. The purpose of this dissertation is to demonstrate the utility and cost-effectiveness of conducting methodological experiments on survey question effects such as effects of not sure, don’t know, and no opinion, tone of wording: forbid vs. allow, effects of middle response alternative, and response order effects. Since political scientists rarely collect their own data, due to related cost issues, investigators are unable to easily test hypotheses due to their dependency on secondary data or small voluntary student samples. In this research, several classic experiments on question form, wording, and context were replicated using the Internet as a public opinion laboratory. This study was conducted in two phases prior to 2000 presidential election using Internet technology at the University of Cincinnati. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of the two question forms, and the topics of survey questions in this study were focused on issues in the 2000 presidential election campaign adapted for self-administration on the Internet. Six experiments were conducted examining the effects of no opinion, don’t know, and not sure response alternatives. Except in one case, in which a large number of respondents with a higher level of education expressed opinions about a fictitious issue, the results replicated earlier findings by Schuman and Presser (1981). Two experiments examined the selection of "forbid" vs. "not allow" showing the preference of respondents to choose "not allow" over "forbid." However, we found a lower margin of difference in our experiments in comparison with those of Schuman and Presser (1981). Three experiments examining the effects of a middle response alternative clearly suggested that offering a "middle alternative" results in a significant increase in its selection. Examining the univariate distribution, a statistically significant difference based on response form was found in only one of three cases. The results suggest that middle response alternative effects may not be generalizable to all issues. The bivariate results were similar to findings of Schuman and Presser (1981) and Kalton, Roberts, and Holts (1980) showing that the inferences about the relationship between background variables and attitude items are not affected by the presence or absence of a middle alternative. Finally, three experiments were conducted to examine the response order effects. Only one of the experiments showed a strong primacy effect, with the other two producing less robust results. Overall, this research confirms that this new mode of data collection utilizing the Internet technology can be effectively utilized to create and/or replicate various methodological experiments in an efficient and cost-effective manner as well as stimulate the development of new hypotheses on survey question effects.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bishop, Dr. George F.
Subjects: Political Science, General
Keywords: survey research; online survey; web survey; Internet poll; online poll; response order; middle response alternative; tone of wording; not sure; don't know; no opinion; methodological experiments; methodology
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2.
Jabero, Marvin Frank.
Investigation for the Identification of Transient Amplifying/Stem Cell Pool in Oral Mucosa.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2010, Ohio State University
► Statement: To date, no studies have been conducted to definitely identify stem…
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▼ Statement: To date, no studies have been conducted to definitely identify stem cells or transient amplifying (TA) cells that reside in the oral cavity. Stem cell division creates two cell types, a memory daughter cell and a transient amplifying cell. TA cells, which are slightly more differentiated than stem cells, serve as a reservoir for wound healing and homeostasis. Identification of either the stem cell or TA cell location(s) will provide a better understanding of normal and abnormal epithelial growth and tissue regeneration in the oral cavity. Epidermal stem cells are located within the bulge zone of the associated hair follicles and not within the basal cell layer of the overlying epidermis. Skin wounds induce increased mitotic activity of bulge cells during wound repair. As the minor salivary glands of the oral mucosa represent an analogous specialized epithelial site, one of the stem cell pools of the oral mucosa may reside within salivary gland acini. Study Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the location(s) of the oral mucosal stem cell pool(s). Materials and Methods: To address this question, we employed: 1) a murine oral mucosal wound healing model (wounding initiates stem cell proliferation), 2) human oral mucosal biopsies of ulcers overlying minor salivary glands. Immunohistochemical markers employed were: 1) K15 (primitive keratinocytes), 2) BrdU (thymidine analogue indicative of DNA synthesis), 3) CD34 (a putative epidermal stem cell marker), 4) CD133 (hematopoietic and general stem markers). Results: Initial studies of ulcerated mucoceles demonstrated K15 positive staining tracking along the salivary gland excretory and merging with the associated basal cell layer of the epithelium. These findings prompted the murine studies that entailed palatal wounding. BrdU in vivo labeling, and timed animal sacrifices to monitor progression of the BrdU stained cells recruited to re-epithelialize the wound. Results of these murine studies showed: 1) BrdU stained cells were detected in both the basal cell layer of the intact epithelium adjacent to the wound as well within underlying salivary gland acini and associated ducts, 2) as time post wounding increased, BrdU positivity was indentified in excretory ducts merging with the overlying basal epithelial cells, 3) K15 positivity was distributed in the majority of basal layer epithelial cells and the peripheral portion of the excretory salivary gland ducts, 4) control mice demonstrated negligible BrdU labeling, which was restricted to the basal layer epithelial cells. Our results confirm that CD34 is not stem cell specific in oral mucosa, as this antibody stained mast cells in the underlying connective tissues. Ongoing studies with more stem cell specific antibodies (CD133) are promising and have indicated focal, punctate positivity within few acinar and basal layer epithelial cells. . Conclusions: These data imply that selected salivary gland acini are comparable to the bulge zone of the hair follicle and these cells contribute to the oral mucosal stem cell pool. Further, the localization of either of these cell pools may lead to advancements in cancer treatment and help direct chemoprevention.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mallery, Susan.
Subjects: Biomedical research
Keywords: Stem Cells, Transient Amplifying Cells, Oral Mucosa, CD133, CD34, BrdU, K15
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3.
Jabs, Fredrick W.
Simplified Tools and Methods for Chassis and Vehicle Dynamics Development for FSAE Vehicles.
Degree: MS, Engineering and Applied Science: Mechanical Engineering, 2012, University of Cincinnati
► Chassis and vehicle dynamics development is a demanding discipline within the FSAE…
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▼ Chassis and vehicle dynamics development is a demanding discipline within the FSAE team structure. Many fundamental quantities that are key to the vehicle’s behavior are underdeveloped, undefined or not validated during the product lifecycle of the FSAE competition vehicle. Measurements and methods dealing with the yaw inertia, pitch inertia, roll inertia and tire forces of the vehicle were developed to more accurately quantify the vehicle parameter set. An air ride rotational platform was developed to quantify the yaw inertia of the vehicle. Due to the facilities available the air ride approach has advantages over the common trifilar pendulum method. The air ride necessitates the use of an elevated level table while the trifilar requires a large area and sufficient overhead structure to suspend the object. Although the air ride requires more rigorous computation to perform the second order polynomial fitment of the data, use of small angle approximation is avoided during the process. The rigid pendulum developed to measure both the pitch and roll inertia also satisfies the need to quantify the center of gravity location as part of the process. For the size of the objects being measured, cost and complexity were reduced by using wood for the platform, simple steel support structures and a knife edge pivot design. Via force balance methods, the addition of a known mass to the platform allows the computation of the center of gravity location. Measurement of the period of oscillation yields the respective inertia. Of note is the use of small angle approximations in the computation of the inertia; the magnitude of the oscillation should be kept minimal for best results. The newest, most relevant tire information available is only in a raw data format; for the design process this fact has been another barrier to integration. Data processing scripts were developed to organize the raw data and perform fittings to the PAC2002 tire model for steady state data; an expansion function for usage in Matlab was written to allow use of the coefficients in subsequent simulations. Estimations of the vertical spring rate and loaded radius of the tires were also developed. To quantify the transient thermal response of the tires, scripts to graph and analyze the data were prepared. Lastly, procedures for the estimation of the relaxation length properties of the tires from the raw data were executed to quantify the dynamic response of the tire’s structure. With a working tire model that can be integrated in both Matlab and Adams simulations coupled with a full quantification of the vehicle’s inertias, the capability to perform valuable chassis development and vehicle dynamics work is much more accessible.
Advisors/Committee Members: Allemang, Randall.
Subjects: Mechanics
Keywords: FSAE; Vehicle; Dynamics; Inertia; Tire
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4.
Jack, Eric P.
MEASURING AND COMPARING VOLUME FLEXIBILITY OF SMALL AND LARGE FIRMS.
Degree: PhD, Business Administration : Quantitative Analysis, 2000, University of Cincinnati
► This study defines Volume Flexibility as: the ability to profitably increase or…
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▼ This study defines Volume Flexibility as: the ability to profitably increase or decrease aggregate production (output) in response to changes in customer demand. We use a triangulated approach to measure and relate volume flexibility to firm performance. Part 1 uses secondary data to measure volume flexibility. Other researchers use variability in sales to measure volume flexibility and conclude that small firms are more volume flexible than large firms are. But, variability in sales essentially measures diversity in the environment, and therefore, it may not be a valid measure of volume flexibility. Our measures consider the combined impact of the firms technology and environmental diversity by incorporating process properties such as inventory levels and costs incurred in meeting sales variation. Using 20 years (1979-1998) of Compustat data on 550 firms in the capital goods industries (SICs 3510-3590), we identify key sources of volume flexibility that give competitive advantages to small firms. But, when we simultaneously account for environmental uncertainty, production technology, and performance, we find that large firms are more volume flexible than small firms are. We also revalidate these findings with a second data set representing 20 years (1979-1998) of data on 2,100 firms in 93 industries. In part 2, we conduct case studies of three small firms in the capital goods industries. We document and assess the drivers and sources of volume flexibility. Our key findings identify drivers of volume flexibility in two categories: external market forces and internal strategic choices. We also identify key sources of volume flexibility and categorize them into a taxonomy of short-term and long-term sources as well as internal and external sources of volume flexibility. Finally, in Part 3, we conduct a field survey of 750 APICS managers to understand the leverage that volume flexibility provides across small and large firms. Our results validate that the short-term and long-term sour ces have a positive impact on a firms volume flexibility. In addition, the results show that volume flexibility has a positive impact on delivery performance and financial performance.
Advisors/Committee Members: Raturi, Amitabh S.
Subjects: Business Administration, Management
Keywords: operations strategy; manufacturing flexibility; volume flexibility; empirical research
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5.
Jackoby, Henry Benjamin EdD.
The Crossover Project: A Case Study of One High School's Effort to Provide Skill-Deficient Students the Opportunity to Cross Over Into a College Preparatory Math Track.
Degree: EdD, Educational Leadership, 2011, Miami University
► Ability tracking is used in schools in the U.S. and other industrialized…
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▼ Ability tracking is used in schools in the U.S. and other industrialized countries to stratify students into homogeneous ability groups as a method for delivery of instruction (Falkenstein, 2007). The strong tradition of tracking in America has socio-economic repercussions for the Nation and its students, and it continues to be debated because of the way it locks students into specific times at which they are exposed to defined curricular concepts and content, limiting college and career opportunities for low-tracked students. Like most other high schools across the state and country, Fairmont High School in the Kettering City School District in southwest Ohio utilizes a tracked curriculum. Specifically in mathematics at Fairmont, the college bound track begins with Algebra I in the ninth grade, which research shows is the gatekeeper to a college bound track. Once placed in a lower track upon entering high school, students have almost no chance of moving into the higher track. The purpose of this curriculum and administrative case study is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of an Algebra I mathematics program that was piloted in the 2009-2010 school year at Fairmont High School that aims to move a cohort of low-tracked ninth-graders into the college-bound math track at the high school level. It is called the Crossover Project. This study reveals the student achievement data from the Crossover Project students compared to students not in the program and investigates the critical components for student success. The study found that under specific conditions, high school students in the lowest track can be caught up in subjects such as mathematics sufficiently to prepare them for success in the college bound track. Due to the findings of this research, the Crossover project at Fairmont High School is being expanded to include low tracked English students and a larger segment of low tracked math students in an effort to make all students college and career-ready. The evaluation of this program may serve to provide evidence that students with skill deficits in math can “catch up” to their college bound peers in math, once at the high school level.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rousmaniere, Kate.
Subjects: Education; Educational Leadership; Education History; Education Philosophy; Mathematics; Mathematics Education; School Administration; Secondary Education; Social Research; Teaching
Keywords: tracking; math curriculum; curriculum tracking; education; curriculum; Jeannie Oakes; Tom Loveless; changing tracks; mathematics education; secondary math curriculum; tracking in high school
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6.
Jackson, Adam C.
Glycemic Response to Fast and Slow Digestible Carbohydrate in High and Low Aerobic Fitness Men.
Degree: MS, Physiology of Exercise (Health and Human Services), 2007, Ohio University
► The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the glycemic response of high and low aerobic fitness men to glucose, and one novel slow and fast digestible carbohydrate (CHO). The glycemic index (GI) value of both novel CHO was determined for the high (n = 6) and low (n = 6) aerobic fitness men. Overall, GI values were 76.44±16.02 for the fast CHO and 48.96 ±17.30 for the slow CHO. Between the high and low fitness men the GI differed significantly, the fast CHO was found to be 86.71±16.15 and 66.17±7.12 and the slow CHO was found to be 59.13±8.50 and 38.79±18.38, for the low and high fitness men respectively. The glycemic response was significantly different among the trials (glucose, fast and slow CHO, p = .0001). The GI of the novel CHO (fast and slow CHO)depended upon the aerobic fitness level of healthy young men.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kushnick, Michael R.
Keywords: glycemic response; glycemic index; carbohydrate
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7.
Jackson, Christine E.
Tracing the Edge of an Intangible Space.
Degree: MFA, Art, 2010, Ohio State University
► This work explores the hidden, the unknown, or unknowable through an examination…
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▼ This work explores the hidden, the unknown, or unknowable through an examination of things that are lost, that fail to be recorded, are not remembered, and leave no discernable trace. These lost elements, although unacknowledged, are not ineffectual. Absence has a shape. An examination of the lost and discarded—whether physical as in the objects I employ, metaphysical as in those things that fail to be remembered, or transitory as in shadows and impressions—is integral to my work because they exist in a boundary between the real and the unreal. They reference things that are seen but remain unseen, experienced but not remembered, useful but unused. These paradoxes question the nature of the real vs. the perception of that reality.
Advisors/Committee Members: Massey, Charles.
Subjects: Fine Arts
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8.
Jackson, Cryshanna A.
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF TITLE IX FOR WOMEN OF COLOR: THE CASE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON.
Degree: PhD, Urban Studies and Public Affairs, 2006, University of Akron
► Eighteen years after the passing of Title IX, gender equity continues to…
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▼ Eighteen years after the passing of Title IX, gender equity continues to emerge as a serious issue for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Colleges and universities comply with Title IX by using the three-prong test, including 1) proportionality, 2) continuing history and expansion, and 3) interests and abilities. Using the University of Akron as a case study, the purpose of this research was to examine university compliance in relation to the three-prong test, to explore compliance in terms of the interests and abilities of students, and to measure the impact of Title IX for women of color. We argue that, in an attempt to comply with Title IX, colleges and universities traditionally add sport programs that are historically dominated by white women and systematically limit access and opportunities for women of color interested in sports. An exploratory study was conducted at the University of Akron during the fall 2006 semester. The research population consisted of Akron students, ages 18 thru 25. Using the Assessment of Students Interests and Abilities developed by the National Center for Education Statistics to assess Title IX compliance, this study relied on a web-based survey to assess interests and abilities of the 3,219 students who responded. In addition to demographics, variables of interest included high school sports experience, current intercollegiate participation, interest in future participation, and sport ability. Using chi-square to identify the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, the results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between race and lack of participation among women. The data suggests that when compared to white female students, women of color do not participate in sports at the college level because they lack the time, have to work, and they view sports as being too competitive. Using logistic regression, we examined whether participation in college sports was dependent on high school sport participation at the varsity level, controlling for gender and race. We found that students who participate in high school sports are 10 times more likely to participate in sports at the college level. These results suggested that to ensure that women of color have an equal opportunity to participate in sports, grooming for a wide array of sports must occur early in the educational process. Colleges and universities can improve access and opportunities for students of color and women, specifically, if they create partnerships with elementary and secondary institutions to develop sport abilities for students. In addition we show that there is a significant relationship between high school sport participation and men of color and there is a significant relationship between interest in high school sport participation, current participation, future participation, interests and abilities, and race and gender. A significant relationship was found in five sports when comparing women of color to white women. It was found that women of color were more likely to want to participate in outdoor track and field and basketball. White women were more likely to want to participate in softball, soccer, and swimming and diving.
Advisors/Committee Members: Berry-James, RaJade M.
Keywords: TITLE IX; sport; Athletic; WOMEN OF COLOR; UNIVERSITY OF AKRON; WOMEN
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9.
Jackson, Daney G.
The relationship between perceived effectiveness of the collaborative relationships of the USDA youth at risk coalitions and selected situational factors and structural dimensions.
Degree: PhD, Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, 1994, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the situational…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the situational factors and structural dimensions of the 58 Youth At Risk program sites studied. It also sought to explore the coalition member's perceived effectiveness of the collaborative relationship. Additionally, this study sought to describe the relationships that existed between the situational factors and the structural dimensions with the coalition member's perceived effectiveness. Three Youth At Risk program site types were studied. They included: Building Coalitions; School Aged Child Care; and Science, Technology and Literacy. The findings of this study indicated that the active collaborators perceived the collaborative relationships of the Youth At Risk coalitions to be effective. The respondents who had a greater dependence on resources were more likely to experience effective collaborative relationships. As resource flows from the respondent to the coalition and resource flows to the respondent from the coalition increased, so did the perception of effective collaborative relationships. Coalition members who had prior knowledge of, or working relationships with other members were more likely to experience effective collaborative relationships. Consensus among members was associated positively with the effectiveness of the collaborative relationships. Coalition members who had similar organizational domains were more likely to experience effective collaborative relationships. Formal agreements between members led to more effective collaborative relationships. Both quality and frequency of communications were important to effective collaboration. The best predictors of perceived effectiveness of the collaborative relationships were level of consensus, formalization of agreements and resource flows from the respondent to the coalition. Recommendations from this study are for coalition builders to seek a consensus among members on goals and methods. Once a consensus is reached formal agreements should be used assigning responsibilities, and formal meetings should be held with minutes and agendas. Finally, the coalition builders should encourage the flow of resources between members and the coalition.
Advisors/Committee Members: Clark, Richard W.
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10.
JACKSON, DEBBIE KINNE.
EFFECTIVE SCIENCE TEACHERS: THEIR CONTENT KNOWLEDGE.
Degree: EdD, Education : Curriculum and Instruction, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► Subject matter and pedagogy have been components of teacher education since its…
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▼ Subject matter and pedagogy have been components of teacher education since its origin, and research shows that they will continue to be debated in research and policy circles (Sosniak, 1999). Both components of teacher education are necessary, and research exists in both areas; however, explicit research about the content knowledge involved in effective teaching is lacking. This study focuses on the content knowledge of effective secondary science teachers and the role their content knowledge plays in planning and instruction. Case studies were developed for National Board Certified chemistry teachers. Data collected included classroom observations, interviews, concept maps, and classroom materials. The data were analyzed using the theoretical frameworks of Wertsch (1998), Shulman (1987), and Applebee (1996), and five themes were revealed. First, the teachers had various depths of content knowledge. Second, all of the teachers had experience working in a scientific laboratory; they had experience “doing” science. Third, each of the teachers planned with the goals of their students in mind. Fourth, all of the teachers were able to relate chemistry to the lives of their students. And finally, each of the teachers cited the context of his or her situation as being integral in decision making regarding planning and instruction. These findings were compared with literature in science teacher education to extend the possible implications. The themes have implications for teacher education programs, including the importance of 1) student knowledge, 2) discussing content in relationship to teaching, 3) scientific laboratory research, and 4) determining good and bad instructional representations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Burroughs, Dr. Robert.
Keywords: Science Teachers; Teachers Content Knowledge
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11.
Jackson, Deborah L.
STRENGTH IN THE MIDST OF A PERFECT STORM.
Degree: EdD, Educational Psychology, 2010, Miami University
► This qualitative dissertation study investigated the success of an African-America religious school…
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▼ This qualitative dissertation study investigated the success of an African-America religious school located in a Midwestern low SES neighborhood. There are inequities in educational opportunities. Schools, as mandated by the local and state agencies, have a history of not fulfilling the stated mission of educating all children especially African American students. This school developed in response to the historic denial of unequal opportunities. The prophetic mission and call to achieve equity gave rise to the founding of this school by the membership of the Messiah Christian Alliance Fellowship Church. The foundation of this educational facility was essential in the building of healthy African American students. Historical data shows that children who are members of lower socio-economic (SES) groups achieve at lower rates than middle class white students and students from wealthier homes. Yet for many of these students the reality of obtaining a quality is in fact another deferred. This qualitative study investigated the success of at a school located in an urban community. Through the theory base of Black Liberation Theology, the pastor and followers answered the call of providing excellent education to the children attending this school.
Advisors/Committee Members: Terrell, Raymond.
Subjects: Educational Leadership
Keywords: Leadership and Vision, Student Success Prophetic Spirituality, Black Liberation Theology, Spirituality, African American Students, Low Socio-Economic Students
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14.
Jackson, Ellen F.
Parent Child Boundary Dissolution Across Cultures: A Comparison of College Student Perceptions in India and the United States.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► In Western cultures, appropriate parent-child boundaries are considered crucial to healthy child…
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▼ In Western cultures, appropriate parent-child boundaries are considered crucial to healthy child development. Parent-child boundary dissolution, the loss of psychological distinctiveness between parents and their children or confusion of interpersonal roles (Kerig, 2005) has been implicated in negative child mental health outcomes in Western cultures (Barber 1996). However, it is reasonable to suspect that cultures vary in individuals’ subjective experience of parent-child boundary dissolution. The purpose of this study was to use mixed-methods to compare the subjective experience of parent beliefs and behaviors typically associated with parent-child boundary dissolution in college students in India (n=110) and those in the United States (n=250). Results indicate that parent beliefs and behaviors associated with enmeshment and role reversal were experienced more frequently and perceived more positively in Indian emerging adults as compared to those in the US. Results are discussed in the context of cultural differences in parenting goals and parent-child relationships.
Advisors/Committee Members: Raval, Vaishali.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: parent-child relations; boundary dissolution; psychological control; cross-cultural differences; mixed methods
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16.
Jackson, Jamie L.
Influence of Traits, Coping, Affect, and Illness Knowledge on Adherence among Patients in Cardiac Rehabilitation.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2010, Ohio State University
► Dispositional traits, such as repressive coping (avoiding the experience of negative emotions),…
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▼ Dispositional traits, such as repressive coping (avoiding the experience of negative emotions), alexithymia (difficulty identifying or communicating negative emotions), and optimism, as well as coping style, negative affect, and illness knowledge are associated with health behavior change, adherence, and quality of life among cardiac patients. However, prior studies have not examined the influence of interactions among these factors for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) outcomes and adherence. Aims of the current study included: 1) To examine the impact of dispositional traits on treatment adherence, rehabilitation outcomes, and quality of life in CR patients; 2) to investigate the mediating influence of coping strategies on the relationship between dispositional traits and treatment adherence; 3) to examine effects of acute change in affect and illness knowledge among repressors on treatment adherence, CR outcomes, and quality of life; and, 4) to evaluate depressive and anxiety symptoms as mediators of the relationship between dispositional traits and CR treatment adherence/quality of life. The current study included 56 CR patients (65% male, 59% Caucasian, mean age = 59.5, SD = 12.2 years) who participated in a 12-week CR program that included 36 exercise sessions and 10 educational classes. Participants completed self-report measures at the initiation and completion of CR. At baseline, measures included repressive coping, alexithymia, optimism, depressive and anxiety symptoms, physical and emotional quality of life, and illness knowledge. At the completion of CR, participants completed measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms, physical and emotional quality of life, and illness knowledge. In addition, CR outcomes (e.g., change in VO2max, change in lipid consumption) and adherence (e.g., number of session attended and time spent exercising) were recorded. Visual analogue scales were completed before and after each education class to measure the impact of receiving illness knowledge on affect. Analyses of variance were employed to determine differences between repressors and non-repressors on CR outcomes and adherence. Linear regression was used to examine whether alexithymia and optimism were associated with change in CR outcomes and adherence. Hierarchical linear modeling was utilized to explore whether repressive coping, alexithymia, or optimism was associated with change in time spent exercising as prescribed over the course of CR. Results revealed overall improvement in lipid consumption,VO2max, and physical functioning, as well as increased positive affect and decreased negative affect after attending the education classes. Knowledge about heart disease increased by the conclusion of CR. Repressors engaged in less avoidance coping than non-repressors, and repressors reported increased negative affect post-CR. Greater illness knowledge among repressors at baseline was associated with reduced depressive symptoms following CR. Alexithymia was associated with both poorer attendance and avoidance coping. Contrary to study hypotheses, repressive coping was not associated with poorer CR outcomes or adherence; and optimism did not predict CR outcomes or adherence. Coping style moderated the relationship between repressive coping and change in emotional quality of life, but did not moderate the relationship between alexithymia and attendance, suggesting that the reason for non-attendance is not explained by avoidance of CR. Relatively low levels of repression in the study sample may have contributed to the limited findings for repressive coping. Some dispositional traits may not be important predictors of CR outcomes and adherence. In sum, results indicated physical benefits of CR, and dispositional traits are important for understanding CR outcomes and adherence.
Advisors/Committee Members: Emery, Charles.
Subjects: Psychology; Rehabilitation
Keywords: adherence; cardiac rehabilitation; repressive coping; alexithymia; optimism
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17.
Jackson, Jeanette.
Culturally-Responsive Dance: Building Community One Step at a Time.
Degree: MEd, College of Education and Human Services, 2012, Cleveland State University
► James Catterall's, (1997) report, “Involvement in the Arts and Success in Secondary…
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▼ James Catterall's, (1997) report, “Involvement in the Arts and Success in Secondary School”, espoused the need for Arts Education. Finding that students who were involved in the arts had increased motivation, school attendance, and positive attitudes, this longitudinal study became a national model of Arts Education advocacy. Landson Billings (1995) assertion that culturally-relevant pedagogy is a pillar for student success is but a further expansion of Ogbu (1987) which stated that “A culturally relevant pedagogy must provide a way for students to maintain their cultural identity while succeeding academically” (p. 155).Although the academic world has reflected and responded to the concept of culturally-relevant, culturally-responsive, culturally-congruent and culturally-compatible curriculum through the development of research and a plethora of sensitivity building activities for aspiring and practicing teachers, the arts and arts education world have not gotten as far. The purpose of this research is to look at students who have been exposed to arts intensive education from a culturally-relevant perspective. I stand with the great philosopher John Dewey, in his assertion that the arts should have a central role in general education, and I am interested in identifying ways in which that role is increased in the lives of the often marginalized students of our society: low SES, African-American, urban students in particular.
Advisors/Committee Members: Galletta, Anne.
Subjects: African Americans; African American Studies; African Studies; American Studies; Art Education; Cultural Anthropology; Curricula; Dance; Demographics; Education; Elementary Education; Ethnic Studies; Families and Family Life; Fine Arts; Folklore; Gifted Education; Multicu
Keywords: Africa, African-American, Culture, low SES, Dance, Arts, Theater, at-risk, inner-city, youth , students, culturally responsive, culturally relevant, prevention, intervention, programming, alternatie, arts, education, black
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19.
JACKSON, JENNIFER ANN.
HELL HATH NO FURY: CINDY SHEEHAN AND THE RHETORIC OF GRIEF.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Communication, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► This is an analysis of a sample of writings by Cindy Sheehan…
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▼ This is an analysis of a sample of writings by Cindy Sheehan to identify her rhetorical strategies in her anti-war rhetoric. A selection of artifacts has been made covering the time of her activation after the death of her son through the time of her hunger strike in the summer of 2006. This analysis deems Sheehan as a feminist who arches from second to third wave feminist in voice. It also examines how Sheehan reframes the United States from a country with many small family units to a single national family unit. And finally, this paper will observe how Sheehan violates the expectation of civility with her cynical approach. Combining together, it is found that Sheehan holds many contextual factors that create a unique rhetoric of grief that may not be duplicated if all contextual factors are not identical for another rhetorician.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jennings, William P.
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20.
Jackson, Jodi Michelle.
Investigation of Factors Affecting Fertility: Chromosome Segregation Errors and Environmental Toxins.
Degree: PhD, Genetics, 2007, Case Western Reserve University
► If a species cannot propagate, it cannot survive. Human fertility is thought…
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▼ If a species cannot propagate, it cannot survive. Human fertility is thought to be declining, with a myriad of possible causes. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate two factors that affect fertility: chromosome segregation errors and environmental toxins. Aneuploidy affects 10-30% of human conceptions and is the leading genetic cause of pregnancy loss and mental retardation. Accordingly, the etiology of chromosome segregation errors has long been studied. Conversely, while examples of environmental toxins impacting fertility can be found throughout the literature, this field is only recently becoming a major focus of research. The studies done for this dissertation were done independently from one another and are presented here separately. The observation of hermaphroditic mice on the inbred strain A/HeJ prompted the investigation of the YA/HeJ chromosome. The YA/HeJ chromosome was transferred to the C57BL/6J background and the hermaphroditism trait segregated with it, indicating the two are linked. We found the YA/HeJ chromosome to be prone to missegregation, however, we did not find evidence that segregation errors cause the disturbances in sexual differentiation. Interestingly, we frequently observed a gap between YA/HeJ sister chromatids, indicating inappropriate centromere function. The mouse Y centromere is near the sex-determining genes and we hypothesize that a mutation(s) in this region affects both the YA/HeJ centromere (causing the gaps) and gene expression (causing the hermaphrodites). The YA/HeJ chromosome serves as a model to study centromere structure and function and, ultimately, what makes a chromosome prone to segregation error. After our laboratory relocated from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, to Washington State University in Pullman, Washington, we experienced a significant decline in the reproductive fitness of our mouse colony. Pregnancy rates, egg and embryo quality, fetal development and pup survival were all negatively impacted. After investigating numerous environmental variables, we determined it was the facility-wide use of a quaternary ammonium disinfectant that was negatively affecting our mouse breeding colony. By eliminating the disinfectant from the facility and increasing the stringency of the automated cage washer, we were able to greatly improve the breeding performance of the mouse colony.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hunt, Patricia A.
Subjects: Biology, Genetics
Keywords: YA/HeJ; C57BL/6J-YA/HeJ
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22.
Jackson, Jonathan David.
Crafting community--Doris Humphrey's humanist choreographic practice: a selective inquiry into the ideology of an early twentieth century choreographer's creative legacy.
Degree: MFA, Dance, 1997, Ohio State University
► This thesis examines the choreographic practice of the early twentieth century choreographer,…
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▼ This thesis examines the choreographic practice of the early twentieth century choreographer, Doris Humphrey. In the course of this text, I investigate how Humphrey's convictions about the body's resources (material), her preferred choreographic process (method) and her choices of subject matter for choreography (topic) all reveal her humanist ideology. I define choreographic practice as the synthesis of material, method and topic over the course of a career. When applied to choreography, the term ideological signifies the union of thoughts, feelings, actions, ideas and sensations over a period of time. Doris Humphrey's writing and her choreography demonstrate a commitment to developing her creative convictions. Humphrey's most central ideology throughout her career is her tendency toward humanist expression. This tendency is exemplified by her embrace of an "ideal" choreographic process in her book The Art of Making Dances and by her impulse toward dance abstraction. Her humanist ideology is also clear in the composition of two of her works created during the 1930's: New Dance (1935) and Passacaglia and Fugue in C Minor (1938). This thesis extends an already rich field of scholarship into Humphrey's creative legacy pioneered by writers and dancers such as Marcia Siegel, Selma Jeanne Cohen and Ernestine Stodelle. Framed by an introduction and a conclusion, this thesis includes a chapter on the development of her ideas on humanism, a chapter on her methods for choreography, a chapter on her views on abstraction and a chapter of comparative analysis of the previously mentioned dances. Throughout the thesis, I ground my discussions by addressing a key thematic question: How do Humphrey's group dances embody notions of universalism and community?
Advisors/Committee Members: Gerbes, Angelika.
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23.
Jackson, Joseph L.
Decreasing Total Healthcare Costs and Length of Stay in the Admitted Pediatric Odontogenic Cellulitis Patient: An Inquiry into Patient and Treatment Characteristics.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2012, Ohio State University
► Several previous studies have looked at odontogenic facial cellulitis in terms of…
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▼ Several previous studies have looked at odontogenic facial cellulitis in terms of epidemiology, economics, and characteristics of disease. Prior to our 2009 study, no information existed on the impact that rapid treatment in a hospital such as Nationwide Children’s Hospital could impact LOS and Total Healthcare Cost (THC). There we found that our average LOS of 2.1 days was lower than previously reported in other studies. In addition, our THC was lower than the average as reported in 2006 in the Kid’s Inpatient Database ($4166 vs. $8998) when general anesthesia was not utilized. This study extended the scope of the earlier study by identifying patients prospectively, and, by utilizing electronic medical records, following more variables to better ascertain their relationship to LOS and THC. A total of 43 Patients were identified for this study. The average length of stay was 1.7 days ± 1.5 days (range 0-7 days), which is the lowest mean LOS reported in the literature. THC averaged $10,494.10 ± $8,034.10 and ranged from $3,613.97 to $43,418.18. This mean THC is a significant increase from earlier findings. Statistically significant associations were found for older age and increased LOS (p=.005) when patients were dichotomously divided into groups of 0-8 and 9-18yrs old. Significant associations between CT imaging and both longer LOS and higher cost (both p<.0001) were found. Patients with higher ASA status tended to have longer LOS (p=.003) and higher THC (p= .015). Subjects that were prescribed more than one antibiotic during stay had a significantly longer LOS (p=0.028) Four patients in this study were placed under observation and were not formally admitted. These observation patients had lower costs than similar fully admitted patients (19.5%-60.2% less expensive), but the differences were not statistically significant. Given a larger population, the lower THC could be both statistically and clinically significant and therefore a future study is recommended in which ASA I patients with odontogenic facial cellulitis are placed under observation rather than formally admitted.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thikkurissy, Sarat.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: cellulitis; odontogenic; healthcare cost; healthcare costs; facial swelling
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24.
Jackson, Julie A.
AN EXAMINATION OF MASTER’S LEVEL GRADUATE STUDENT EXPERIENCES AND ATTITUDES.
Degree: MEd, Career and Technology Education/Technology, 2007, Bowling Green State University
► Campus climate and student satisfaction are important topics for any graduate program.…
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▼ Campus climate and student satisfaction are important topics for any graduate program. Having information about what works and what does not, will benefit students and retention rates. The problem of this study was to investigate students’ attitudes toward their academic program, professional development opportunities, and support for graduate students at the master’s level at Bowling Green State University. To help assess student attitudes and satisfaction, a survey was sent to all master’s level students attending Bowling Green State University. The survey was web based and could be accessed through a link within an email invitation. The survey was designed to determine how students perceived their academic program, how they felt about professional development opportunities, and if they were receiving support they required. The survey was sent to 1572 students. A response rate of 22.3% was obtained. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS. Results are provided using frequencies and significance tests. Data from the survey revealed that the majority of master’s students attending BGSU are in fact, satisfied with their program, professional development, and support. Student-faculty relations scored very well across the board. Some programs scored lower than others. Qualitative data suggests students are less satisfied with course availability, training for teaching and research, and awareness of support services. Administrators can use this data to make informed decisions where master’s students are concerned.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hoff, Kathryn S.
Keywords: climate; student satisfaction; attitude; survey; master's; graduate student
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25.
Jackson, Julie Ann.
Three-Dimensional Feature Models for Synthetic Aperture Radar and Experiments in Feature Extraction.
Degree: PhD, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2009, Ohio State University
► This dissertation presents a new set of three-dimensional scattering feature models for…
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▼ This dissertation presents a new set of three-dimensional scattering feature models for synthetic aperture radar (SAR). We develop a set of parametric models of canonical shapes that capture aspect-dependent, high-frequency scattering for bistatic (and monostatic) 3D SAR phase history responses. The models are parameterized by the shape location, orientation, and size as well as the radar transmitter and receiver antenna aspects and frequency. We develop the models by combining physical optics (PO) and uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) planar scattering solutions to approximate 3D scattering responses of canonical shapes. We validate the models using scattering prediction software and show that the proposed models capture well the mainlobe responses of each shape. Thus, the proposed models may be used to accurately predict first-order scattering of scenes comprised of such shapes.The second part of this dissertation focuses on the inverse problem of discerning the types of canonical shapes in a scene and estimating their corresponding model parameters from observed SAR phase history data. We present discrimination methods for classifying observed scattering into the geometric shape types. We compute the Cramer-Rao bounds for the models and characterize model parameter estimation accuracy for two estimation schemes. Finally, we present a feature extraction algorithm that classifies and estimates the canonical features from polarimetric phase history data. We use non-quadratic regularization to form sparsity-constrained 3D SAR images that are used to initialize the scatterer location, orientation, and size estimates. We test the feature extraction algorithm on simulated phase histories for densely-sampled and sparsely-sampled, monostatic and bistatic 3D SAR apertures. We show that even for sparsely-sampled apertures, the feature extraction algorithm is able to estimate geometric scattering features in the scene. Feature extraction for the proposed canonical shape models may be extended in future work for use in automatic target recognition.
Advisors/Committee Members: Moses, Randolph.
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Keywords: synthetic aperture radar, bistatic, 3D SAR, parametric scattering models, feature extraction, canonical shapes
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26.
Jackson, Marianne.
Flying Fat.
Degree: MFA, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of English, 2009, Kent State University
► This is a series of essays that explore one black woman’s journey…
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▼ This is a series of essays that explore one black woman’s journey that she embarks on to alter her body size to save her life and allow her to pursue her dream of a college career. As with any venture into unfamiliar territory, this woman encounters unexpected repercussions from her decision to undergo a major surgical procedure to facilitate her weight loss. As a child and young woman growing up in a community that does not disparage overweight women, the protagonist experiences intense feelings of guilt when she makes the choice to lose weight. Culturally, overweight women in her community hold places of respect and honor. The Roux-n-Y, the weight loss surgery she chooses, is commonly known as a gastric bypass. This is an invasive procedure which entails the cutting and rerouting of the intestines, as well as the reduction in the size of the stomach. This woman experiences the loss of several friends, especially a friend she’d had since childhood, who project their displeasure regarding the reduction of the size of her body. In addition, there is also reluctance on her friend’s part to encourage her pursuit of higher learning. They view the combined desire for weight loss and education as a double threat to their friendship and to the culture they have been immersed in since an early age. Throughout the essays this black woman demonstrates a stoic resolve and dedication to the betterment of her life and circumstances through efforts that will provide her with optimal health and academic success.
Advisors/Committee Members: O'Connor, Varley.
Subjects: Womens studies
Keywords: weight loss surgery; black women; black women and relationships; cultural stigmas; black church
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27.
Jackson, Matthew V.
The Relationship between urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene and DNA Adducts in the exfoliated Bladder Cells of Firefighters.
Degree: MS, Medicine: Industrial Hygiene (Environmental Health), 2012, University of Cincinnati
► During this study, firefighters were examined based on their potential exposure to…
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▼ During this study, firefighters were examined based on their potential exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Both pre-shift and post-shift urine samples were analyzed by measuring 1-hydroxypyrene levels and DNA adducts in the exfoliated bladder cells. 23 non clean catch urine samples were collected from 15 different firefighters, with 10 of the samples being post-shift samples. We hypothesized that firefighters who had been exposed to PAH will have an increased level of 1-Hydroxypyrene and DNA adducts in their bladder cells. 1-HP levels along with DNA adducts in exfoliated bladder cells were compared between pre-shift and post-shift samples. 1-HP levels were measured using the Jongeneelen et al. method. DNA was first isolated using the Wizard Genomic DNA Kit, and adduct levels were quantified by ³²P-post labeling adenosine 5’triphosphate excess thin layer chromatography. When comparing pre- and post-shift samples, three out of four were found to have an increase in 1-HP. The pre- shift samples 1-hydroxypyrene mean values was determined to be 0.48053, while the post-shift mean 1-hydroxypyrene values were 0.9736. The increase between pre- and post-shift 1-hydroxypyrene levels indicates a small exposure to PAH. Although all but one sample fell below the 1-HP ACGIH BEI value of 1 µg/l, the data suggests that these firefighters are exposed to PAH. A Pearson correlation coefficient was generated comparing 1-Hp levels and DNA adducts and a negative correlation was reported.
Advisors/Committee Members: Talaska, Glenn.
Subjects: Environmental Health
Keywords: DNA; adducts; DNA adducts; 1-Hp; firefighters; 1-Hydroxypyrene
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28.
Jackson, Nicole M.
The Politics of Care: Black Community Activism in England and the United States, 1975-1985.
Degree: PhD, History, 2012, Ohio State University
► In the 1970s and 1980s, African Americans and Black Britons placed community…
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▼ In the 1970s and 1980s, African Americans and Black Britons placed community activism at the center of their work. Understanding their communities as imperiled or neglected, they directed their efforts towards exposing and dismantling institutional racism in State agencies. This project considers Black activism around educational inequalities, police harassment, and health care to demonstrate various expressions of Black community activism. Because of the focus on local and national communities, activists participated in an expression of a politics of care, which placed the survival of Black families, children and communities, writ large, as the center of a socio-political platform. Connected to expressions of familial responsibilities, care, and love, activists saw their work on behalf of other Black people as central to the maintenance of Black communities locally, nationally, and sometimes globally.
Advisors/Committee Members: Alexander, Leslie.
Subjects: African Americans; African American Studies; American History; Black History; Black Studies; Womens Studies
Keywords: African American, Black Britain, community activism, African Diaspora, Black feminism
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29.
Jackson, Nicole Maelyn.
Remembering Soweto: American Students and International Social Justice, 1976-1988.
Degree: MA, History, 2009, Ohio State University
► Historical discussion of American student activism has largely centered on the 1960s…
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▼ Historical discussion of American student activism has largely centered on the 1960s and its many triumphs. New Left social movements such as the Free Speech, Civil Rights and women’s movements all featured student involvement, if not downright leadership. But with the downfall of this decade of social activism, many scholars have hastily decried the end of student social movements. However, if one considers anti-apartheid activism in the late 1970s and 1980s, one sees that campuses had not gone quiet and the affects of the 1960s had drastically changed the ways in which students approached social justice campaigns. This thesis considers student anti-apartheid work in three paradigms to at once counter the historiographical trend which presumes student inactivity and understand the complexities of student activism in late century. By considering student anti-apartheid work at Howard University, Mills College, Spelman College and the University of California, Berkeley these chapters begin to discern the diverse group of student who organized around ending apartheid in South Africa and curtailing American complicity of white dominance. These chapters also consider the legacy of the 1960s to connect this period with student unrest in the late 1970s and 1980s. In this thesis, one finds that student activists understood their activism as continuations of New Left social movements and, whenever possible, framed their protests within the realm of Civil Rights, free speech and Black Powere to prove their points and legitimize their work.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hall, Stephen.
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30.
Jackson, Philip.
Global History and Global Solidarity: Why We Shouldn't Forget about Colonialism.
Degree: MA, Political Science, 2011, Ohio State University
► In the face of global problems, Jurgen Habermas recognizes the need for…
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▼ In the face of global problems, Jurgen Habermas recognizes the need for global solidarity. He thinks that universal human rights are best suited to ground such solidarity, but so far human rights have been only weakly motivating. I argue that, just as solidarity at the national level has often been built around a shared historical narrative, building a shared global historical narrative constitutes one important step towards solidarity at the global level. I propose the history of colonialism as an appropriate topic for such a global historical narrative, and then show how a narrative centered on the history of colonialism can yield ethical-political content that supports the project of global solidarity. Finally, I sketch the connection between narrative fiction and empathy, arguing that reading stories about colonialism is one practical way to build an appreciation for colonialism as a global narrative, and thus to work towards the larger goal of solidarity.
Advisors/Committee Members: Neblo, Michael.
Subjects: Political Science
Keywords: solidarity; global history; colonialism
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