260 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
1.
Iachini, Aidyn Lorraine.
Factors Influencing the Provision of Autonomy-Support.
Degree: PhD, ED Physical Activities and Educational Services, 2008, Ohio State University
► Coaches often serve a profound role in influencing the overall healthy development…
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▼ Coaches often serve a profound role in influencing the overall healthy development and well-being of children and youth. However, coaches' capacities to impact the positive development of youth sport participants often derives from their ability to adopt an autonomy-supportive interpersonal style. As such, gaining an understanding of the factors that might serve to facilitate or inhibit coaches' engagement in autonomy-supportive ways with youth is critical. Thus, the purpose of this study was to both develop and empirically test a comprehensive model of factors that might serve to influence coaches' provision of autonomy-support. The factors in the proposed research model included ego-involvement, self-determination, motivation efficacy, game strategy efficacy, technique efficacy, character-building efficacy, perception of athletes' motivation, perception of athletes' competence, external pressure, and stress. The model was tested in a sample of 353 high school coaches of team sports. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The CFA (CMIN/DF=1.86, RMSEA=.049, SRMR=.045, CFI=.957) and the SEM (CMIN/DF=1.83, RMSEA=.049, SRMR=.043, CFI=.954) supported both the measurement and structural models. Two of the ten predictors of autonomy-support were found significant. Specifically, ego-involvement and external pressure were found to negatively predict coaches' engagement in autonomy-supportive behaviors. Overall, the findings from this study suggest that athletic administrators should consider strategies to alleviate the external pressure coaches face during the course of their jobs. In addition, the findings also suggest that athletic administrators might consider providing more education to coaches regarding the impact that ego-involvement may have on their athletes overall healthy development. Implications for research also are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chelladurai, Packianathan.
Subjects: Recreation
Keywords: autonomy-support; self-determination theory; ego-involvement; external pressure
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2.
IACOBUCCI, DOMINIC.
ECOTOURISM ARCHITECTURE.
Degree: M. Arch., Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of), 2006, University of Cincinnati
► The world populations are becoming more aware of their impact on the…
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▼ The world populations are becoming more aware of their impact on the earth. With increasing tourism, ecotourism has become a mainstream option. Yet ecotourism remains ambiguous and highly debated. Tourists are seeking to experience cultures that are “untouched” by the everyday world. This large thirst for “untouched” environments along with the uncertainty and confusion that surrounds ecotourism is causing deception in the tourism industry. With the industry of ecotourism continually growing, there needs to be a true understanding of ecotourism. What is it? What kind of interactive environment truly represents its ideals? If the built environment fails to meet the high standards of ecotourism, then the movement of ecotourism is poised for failure. This paper will confront this relationship, and establish the criteria upon which ecotourism architecture should follow for ecotourism’s success.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffrey, Tilman T.
Subjects: Architecture
Keywords: Architecture; Ecotourism; Hawaii
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3.
Iacopelli, Natalie Marie.
Structural Analysis of 5'-Methylthioadenosine/S-Adenosylhomocysteine Nucleosidase from Helicobacter pylori for the Purpose of Drug Development.
Degree: MS, Chemistry, 2009, University of Toledo
► 5’-Methylthioadenosine (MTA)/S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) nucleosidase isan essential enzyme for all bacteria. It is…
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▼ 5’-Methylthioadenosine (MTA)/S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) nucleosidase isan essential enzyme for all bacteria. It is involved in many cellular processes including: polyamine synthesis, quorum sensing, methionine metabolism, and biological methylation. 1-4 Because of the essential nature of this enzyme, MTA/SAH nucleosidase is a viable broad-spectrum antibiotic target. The gene encoding for MTA/SAH nucleosidase from Helicobacter pylori was cloned, expressed, and purified using immobilized metal affinity and size exclusion chromatography. The purified MTA/SAH nucleosidase was crystallized in native form then subjected to X-ray diffraction studies and structurally analyzed using macromolecular X-ray crystallography. MTA/SAH nucleosidase was also crystallized in two additional states: one bound to a substrate analog (Formycin-A), and one with adenine. Analysis of the three structures supports previously theorized catalytic mechanisms and models. 5,6 Also, the presence of a Tris molecule within the active site of the native and adenine-bound structures provides insight into the development of a Tris-based enzyme inhibitor.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ronning, Donald.
Subjects: Biochemistry
Keywords: 5'-Methylthioadenosine, S-Adenosylhomocysteine, Nucleosidase
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4.
Iancu, Aniela Karina.
Numerical methods for pricing basket options.
Degree: PhD, Mathematics, 2004, Ohio State University
► Most of the time, when pricing financial instruments, it is impossible to…
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▼ Most of the time, when pricing financial instruments, it is impossible to find closed form solutions for their values. Finding numerical solutions for the governing pricing equations becomes therefore an appealing approach to pricing, especially since powerful desktop computers are now available. In this paper we demonstrate how two of the main numerical methods known today—the finite differences method and the Monte Carlo simulation — can be used for pricing discretely measured lookback basket options. We also take a look at one of the most competitive markets today, The Individual Variable Annuity marketplace, at some of the currently sold death benefits and how they are related to the lookback put options.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wyman, Bostwick.
Subjects: Mathematics
Keywords: Numerical Methods, Option Pricing
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5.
Iancu, Radu Vlad.
cAMP COMPARTMENTATION IN ADULT CARDIAC MYOCYTES.
Degree: PhD, Physiology and Biophysics, 2008, Case Western Reserve University
► Receptor-mediated changes in cAMP production play an essential role in hormone regulation…
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▼ Receptor-mediated changes in cAMP production play an essential role in hormone regulation of the electrical, mechanical, and metabolic activity of cardiac myocytes. However, responses to receptor activation cannot be easily ascribed to a uniform increase or decrease in cAMP activity throughout the entire cell. In the present study, we used a systems biology approach to investigate the role played by cAMP compartmentation in cardiac ventricular myocytes and the mechanisms underlying it.In the first part of this study, we used a computational approach to test the hypothesis that in ventricular myocytes the effects of β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) and M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) activation involve compartmentation of cAMP. Results obtained with the developed model indicate that (1) bulk basal cAMP can be high (~1 μM) and only modestly stimulated by β1AR activation (~2 μM), but caveolar cAMP varies in a range more appropriate for regulation of protein kinase A - PKA (~100 nM to ~2 μM); (2) M2R activation strongly reduces the β1AR-induced increases in caveolar cAMP, with less effect on bulk cAMP; and (3) during weak β1AR stimulation, M2R activation not only reduces caveolar cAMP, but also produces a rebound increase in caveolar cAMP. The original model suggests that the cAMP concentration throughout most of the cell could be significantly higher than that found in PKA-signaling domains. In the second part of this study we experimentally tested this counterintuitive hypothesis using a freely diffusible fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor constructed from the type 2 exchange protein activated by cAMP. Our results support the conclusion that even though β1 and M2 receptor activation can produce global changes in cAMP, compartmentation plays an important role by maintaining microdomains where cAMP levels are significantly below that found throughout most of the cell. In the final part of the current study, we investigated the potential mechanisms responsible for cAMP compartmentation. We conclude that both limited cAMP diffusion between the submembrane and bulk compartments and an increased level of phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in the membrane compartment are necessary for generating and maintaining the type of cAMP gradients previously characterized using intracellular FRET based cAMP probes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Harvey, Robert.
Subjects: Biophysics
Keywords: cAMP, myocyte, computer model, cAMP compartments
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6.
Iancu, Violeta.
Single Molecule Switches and Molecular Self-Assembly: Low Temperature STM Investigations and Manipulations.
Degree: PhD, Physics (Arts and Sciences), 2006, Ohio University
► This dissertation is devoted to single molecule investigations and manipulations of two…
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▼ This dissertation is devoted to single molecule investigations and manipulations of two porphyrin-based molecules, chlorophyll-a and Co-porphyrin. The molecules are adsorbed on metallic substrates and studied at low temperatures using a scanning tunneling microscope. The electronic, structural and mechanical properties of the molecules are investigated in detail with atomic level precision. Chlorophyll-a is the key ingredient in photosynthesis processes while Co-porphyrin is a magnetic molecule that represents the recent emerging field of molecular spintronics. Using the scanning tunneling microscope tip and the substrate as electrodes, and the molecules as active ingredients, single molecule switches made of these two molecules are demonstrated. The first switch, a multiple and reversible mechanical switch, is realized by using chlorophyll-a where the energy transfer of a single tunneling electron is used to rotate a C-C bond of the molecule’s tail on a Au(111) surface. Here, the detailed underlying switching mechanisms are uncovered from the statistical analyses conducted over 1200 switching events together with the support of geometrically relaxed parametric calculations. The second switch, a spintronic switch, uses Co-porphyrin conformational changes to tune the spin-electron interaction between the Co atom and Cu(111) electrons. A change in the molecular conformation, from saddle to planar, leads to enhanced spin-electron coupling strength, and consequently, elevated Kondo temperatures. Self-assembly process is exploited for both the molecules and the analyses reveal important information regarding the layer growth and the electronic differences that appear due to the modified molecule-substrate environment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hla, Saw W.
Subjects: Physics, Condensed Matter
Keywords: STM; Molecular switches; Chlorophyll-a; Kondo effect; Self-assembly
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7.
Ianetta, Melissa Joan.
Flowers rhetoric : the nineteenth-century improvisatrice tradition.
Degree: PhD, English, 2002, Ohio State University
► Nineteenth-century literature played a central role in shaping rhetorical paradigms for Englishwomen.…
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▼ Nineteenth-century literature played a central role in shaping rhetorical paradigms for Englishwomen. Examining the development of one construct of the woman orator, the improvisatrice, in conjunction with George Campbell's The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1776) and Hugh Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres (1784), reveals how imaginative literature was a site for the production and circulation of rhetorical theory.With the 1807 publication of Germaine de Staël's Corrine, or Italy, the improvisatrice became a well-recognized representation of the private woman bringing her role as moral guardian into the public sphere. De Staël's notion of the improvising woman quickly became popular not just as a literary figure but as a supposedly authentic representation of women's oratorical processes as well. As the improvisatrice was thus seen as an enactment of a rhetorical theory, this dissertation reads works in the improvisatrice tradition alongside the rhetorical theories of Campbell and Blair. Such an approach foregrounds the manner in which the discourse of power was used to recognize woman's widening role even as it established her newly-recognized rhetorical abilities as innately inferior to man's.The inventional process of the improvisatrice rhetoric feminized Blairian belletrism and Campbellian epistemology. Reading Corinne alongside these rhetorical treatises therefore reveals a system of persuasion founded on imagination and innate taste, two key components of nineteenth-century rhetoric. Likewise, the treatment of style in the improvisatrice rhetoric reiterates related precepts from Campbell's Philosophy and Blair's Lectures. The poems of so-called English Improvisatrice Letitia Landon illustrate well the redeployment of the rhetoricians' discussion of the relation of style to musicality and the moral sublime.As demonstrated by the waning of Landon's reputation, the improvisatrice rhetoric increasingly lost popularity as the century progressed. While Charlotte Brontë's juvenilia reveal an infatuation with this system, she later critiques it The Professor and Villette. George Eliot is likewise critical of the improvisatrice rhetoric, an opinion which informs The Mill on the Floss but also "Erinna" and Daniel Deronda. As indicated by Brontë and Eliot's treatments, then, by the century's end, the improvisatrice rhetoric had fallen out of favor.
Advisors/Committee Members: Johnson, Nan.
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8.
Iannarino, Nicholas T.
Laughing at death: The forms and functions of humor in illness trauma narratives.
Degree: MA, Communication, 2010, University of Dayton
► This thesis attempts to demonstrate that public storytelling and memoirs – if…
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▼ This thesis attempts to demonstrate that public storytelling and memoirs – if crafted and shared effectively – may elicit beneficial private/intrapersonal and public/interpersonal functions, and might be utilized as effective media for the formulation and dissemination of humorous health narratives. Through the study of three illness trauma narratives that utilize humor, this thesis analyzes the forms in which productive humor was employed throughout the process of narrative construction, and the information the humorous aspects of the narrative product expresses to audiences about the illness experience. More specifically, this thesis attempts to demonstrate that the integration of humor with health narratives can effectively call attention to health issues such as REM sleep behavior disorder, severe drug addiction, and cancer.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thompson, Teresa.
Subjects: Communication
Keywords: communication; health; narratives; illness; trauma; humor; sleepwalking; drugs; addiction; cancer; figurative language; funny; writing; comedy; death; journaling; storytelling; memoir
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9.
Iannello, Jenna Lynn.
DOES EDUCATION LEVEL EFFECT HOW KENT STATE UNIVERSITY FEMALE FACULTY AND STAFF PERCEIVE THE HEALTH ASPECTS OF WINE?.
Degree: MS, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2012, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to measure if education level of…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to measure if education level of female faculty and staff at a Midwest university impacted the perception of the health effects of red wine consumption. Secondly, to measure if the sample perceived health benefits or risks of other types of alcohol. Female faculty and staff members (n=503, ages 22-76 years) participated in an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on the perception of the health aspects of alcohol. Variables measured included the belief and reasons for consumption, drinking characteristics, and health belief of alcohol types. Independent t-tests were used to determine differences in perceptions of health benefits of red and white wine, beer, and liquor between faculty and staff. The data were compiled and analyzed using social sciences (SPSS) software (version 18.0.3). There was no significant difference in perception of the possible cardiovascular health benefits of red wine between faculty and staff. However, significant differences in perception were found between faculty and staff on health benefits and consequences of beer, liquor, and white wine (p ≤ 0.05). Both faculty and staff perceived that red wine may have positive health benefits for cardiovascular disease, but did not perceive any other benefits to red wine and had mixed perceptions of benefits and consequences of other alcohol types. This disconnect suggests a need for more public education of wines impact on health, as well as additional alcohol and health outcome research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Caine-Bish, Natalie.
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10.
Iannone, Ami M.
You Can't Go Home Again.
Degree: BA, English, 2010, Ohio University Honors Tutorial College
► Creative thesis submitted to the Honors Tutorial College of Ohio University in…
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▼ Creative thesis submitted to the Honors Tutorial College of Ohio University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with a bachelor’s degree in English. A collection of original poetry with a critical introduction concerning the correlation between madness and writing in two Twentieth-century confessional poets: Anne Sexton and Sylvia Plath.
Advisors/Committee Members: Halliday, Mark.
Subjects: American literature
Keywords: Poetry; Anne Sexton; Sylvia Plath; Suicide; Home; Father
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11.
Iannuzzi, Mariano.
Mechanisms of corrosion inhibition of AA2024-T3 by vanadates.
Degree: PhD, Materials Science and Engineering, 2006, Ohio State University
► The inhibition of Al alloy corrosion by vanadates was studied in this…
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▼ The inhibition of Al alloy corrosion by vanadates was studied in this work. Vanadium speciation is very complicated and vital to the inhibition efficacy. Critical conditions for decavanadate polymerization from clear metavanadate solutions were investigated. Decavanadate only formed when metavanadate was added to solutions of pH 3 or less. It was not possible to change the pH of a metavanadate solution without forming decavanadates, creating an orange colored solution. According to 51V NMR, monovanadates were present only in clear metavanadate solutions; orange solutions always contained decavanadates and never contained monovanadates. Orange decavanadate solutions containing 0.5 M NaCl at pH 8.71 exhibited no significant inhibition of the oxygen reduction reaction and increasing decavanadate concentration was detrimental. In contrast, clear metavanadate solutions containing monovanadate exhibited strong inhibition of the oxygen reduction reaction, to a level similar to chromate. At a fixed pH, increased NaVO3 concentration in clear metavanadate solutions increased inhibition efficiency.
Advisors/Committee Members: Frankel, Gerald S.
Keywords: Aluminum Alloys, Vanadates, Metavanadates, Decavanadates, Corrosion Inhibition, Corrosion, Oxygen Reduction
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12.
Iarussi, Melanie Marie Scherer.
Counselors’ experiences of client and counselor language while using motivational interviewing and cognitive behavior therapy to facilitate client change.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► Motivational interviewing (MI) is a style of counseling that has diverse applications…
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▼ Motivational interviewing (MI) is a style of counseling that has diverse applications and can be used in conjunction with other counseling approaches, such as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). This study used hermeneutic phenomenological method to investigate six licensed professional counselors’ experiences of client language and their own language while using MI and CBT to help facilitate client change. Each participant provided an in-depth narrative account through the course of two individual interviews. Hermeneutic phenomenological analysis procedures resulted in the identification of five main themes, each with at least two sub-themes. Findings also included a therapeutic process of using MI and CBT together to facilitate client change. Findings provide an understanding of these six counselors’ interpretations of client and counselor language which they used to help them make decisions about using MI and CBT together. Findings may have implications for practitioners who wish to incorporate MI and CBT into their counseling practice and for counselor educators who may wish to offer students opportunities to learn and integrate MI and CBT. Future research directions are explored and considerations of the study are presented.
Advisors/Committee Members: Osborn, Cynthia J.
Subjects: Counseling Education
Keywords: motivational interviewing; cognitive behavior therapy; psychotherapy integration; counselor experiences; phenomenology
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13.
Ibanez, Lindsey McKay.
"Gentlemen, the Stomach Dominates the Economy": Small-Scale Dairy Farming and Community Well-Being in the Northwest Dominican Republic.
Degree: MA, Sociology, 2012, Ohio State University
► The ongoing and deepening global crisis of rural farming communities has prompted…
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▼ The ongoing and deepening global crisis of rural farming communities has prompted a great deal of sociological research. Studies have demonstrated that small-scale farming is positively related to measures of community well-being, and that this relationship is mediated by local institutions of civil society, in particular an independent middle class. But this literature fails to explicate the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Scholars and advocates of local food systems attempt to explain this relationship in terms of face-to-face interactions. This emphasis on interaction between consumers and producers implies that "commodity" crops like milk or grain, which have national and global markets, are antithetical to the health of rural farm communities. In this paper, I assert that local food advocates have conflated the scale of production with the scale of markets, and that as a result, they misidentify the ‘mutually supporting social relations’ that coordinate the economic interests of producers with community interests and goals. I ask, how are farmers' economic interests coordinated with broader community interests when the product is a bulk commodity and the markets are far-flung? In a dairy farming community in the northwest Dominican Republic, I find that the web of social and power relations among small producers and between the producers and their buyers coordinates the interests of both parties, while benefiting the community. I demonstrate that the nature of the interdependence of the dairy farmers and the processor that buys their milk promotes balanced power relations between them. And norms of equality, cooperation, and civic involvement, structured by local institutions such as the dairy association, promote balanced power relations among farmers themselves. As a result, none of these actors can afford to pursue profit at the expense of the others. But if balanced power relations and the institutional arrangements that support them are key to small-scale food production and thus equitable rural development, then shifts in power – reflected by the Central American Free Trade Agreement – can upset this balance and decouple economic and social goals.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lopez, Dr. Steven.
Subjects: Agriculture; Latin American Studies; Sociology
Keywords: community development; Latin America; food systems; institutions
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14.
Ibarguen, Siri B.
Population connectivity: combining methods for estimating avian dispersal and migratory linkages.
Degree: PhD, Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, 2004, Ohio State University
► We use a variety of methods to study population connectivity. In Chapter…
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▼ We use a variety of methods to study population connectivity. In Chapter 1, we use stable isotope ratios in feathers to make Bayesian inferences about the migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering grounds of Henslow’s sparrows. We use hydrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios (deltaH and deltaC). We compare the deltaH and deltaC of feathers from wintering sparrows to five breeding region deltaH and deltaC to estimate the probability that each individual wintering sparrow originated from each of the five regions. Breeding bird abundances are used as prior probabilities of breeding region origin. We conclude that there are no clear linkages between specific breeding regions and wintering sites. In Chapter 2, we use three methods to estimate dispersal in Henslow’s sparrows. 1)deltaH in feathers are used to determine whether an individual breeding bird has a deltaH signature characteristic of the breeding site. 2) Song structure is used as the signature of an individual’s previous breeding-ground origin. 3) Genetic markers are used to evaluate population structure. Genetic structure is evaluated using three estimates. Fst estimates and private alleles are used to calculate the number of migrants per generation (Nm) between sites. Private alleles are evaluated to determine if they are truly private. A Bayesian clustering method is used to infer the number of populations. All methods revealed high rates of dispersal. In Chapter 3, three methods for estimating dispersal are compared: deltaH in feathers, genetic population structure, and spatial autocorrelation (SAC). We compare the dispersal estimates of five migratory species. With the SAC analysis, we find no clear evidence for dispersal as a major synchronizing agent. However, new statistical methods may allow for the parsing out the effect of dispersal. One species had historically high dispersal (limited genetic structure) but currently low dispersal (high deltaH correlations). Another species had a deltaH correlation value indicating low current dispersal. Three other species are all found to have high dispersal, both historically and currently. Comparing dispersal estimates may allow researchers to evaluate how dispersal rates have changed over time, as well as how well estimation methods agree.
Advisors/Committee Members: Waite, Thomas A.
Subjects: Biology, Ecology
Keywords: Population connectivity; Migratory linkages; Dispersal; Henslow's sparrow; Ammodramus henslowii; Spatial autocorrelation; Gene flow; Meme flow; Geographic variation in song; Private alleles; Bayesian analysis; Stable isotope ratios
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18.
Ibinson, James W.
The study of pain with blood oxygen level dependant functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2004, Ohio State University
► Using blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD FMRI), the…
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▼ Using blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD FMRI), the brain areas activated by pain were studied. These initial studies lead to interesting new findings in the body’s response to pain and to the refinement of one method used in FMRI analysis for correction of physiologic noise (signal fluctuations caused by the cyclic and non-cyclic changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory status of the body). These investigations will be summarized below. In the first study, evidence was provided suggesting that the multiple painful stimulations used in typical pain FMRI block designs causes attenuation over time of the BOLD signal within activated areas. The demonstrated BOLD attenuation seems unique to pain studies. One possible explanations is that changing hemodynamics caused by a physiologic response to pain alter the BOLD response. The next study began the investigation of this by monitoring the physiologic response to pain for eight subjects. It was found that respiratory rate and tidal volume increased, while heart rate, cardiac output, end-tidal carbon dioxide levels, and global cerebral blood flow all decreased. The cause of these changes appears to be a combination of short-lived sympathetic and long lasting parasympathetic nervous system activations. It is well established that changes in respiration and global cerebral blood flow can affect the BOLD response, leading to the final investigation of this dissertation. Heart rate, respiratory rate and depth, and end-tidal carbon dioxide levels were collected during a BOLD FMRI study of pain. A new technique for removing signal that covaries with the actual breathing values present during the collection of each image and with end-tidal carbon dioxide levels was introduced. This technique showed in increase in model fit of 85%, and the functional maps showed an average increase in the number of activated pixels of 6.53% over the eight subjects. Including the breathing and end-tidal carbon dioxide levels were also shown to account for the accommodation, suggesting that it may be due to the physiologic response of the body to pain.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schmalbrock, Petra.
Keywords: Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Pain; Physiologic noise; General linear modeling; Electrical nerve stimulation; Autonomic nervous system; End tidal carbon dioxide; Respiration; Cardiovascular function
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19.
Ibrahim, Abdallah I.
Design and initial validation of an instrument for measuring teacher beliefs and experiences related to inquiry teaching and learning and scientific inquiry.
Degree: PhD, Teaching and Learning, 2003, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this study is to design and provide initial validation…
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▼ The purpose of this study is to design and provide initial validation of the Comprehensive Beliefs About Inquiry and Teaching and Learning Experiences Instrument (CBAITLEI) for measuring beliefs and experiences related to teaching and learning science through inquiry approaches. The instrument measures beliefs about the importance of inquiry for teaching and learning science, barriers to using inquiry in science classrooms, student outcomes resulting from use of inquiry approaches, and beliefs about scientific inquiry. Experts in teacher education programs and inquiry assessed content and face validity. Principal Components Analyses of participant responses were used to assess construct validity. A sample of 603 respondents was chosen based upon their varied teaching and learning experiences. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Scheffé Pairwise Comparisons were used to determine sample group differences in their beliefs about inquiry teaching and learning and scientific inquiry and to determine the differences among these groups in their learning and teaching experiences. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients were used to detect significant relationships between learning, teaching experience and beliefs about inquiry, and scientific inquiry. Results showed significant relationships between learning and teaching experience. Teaching and learning experiences were also significantly correlated with beliefs about inquiry teaching and learning and scientific inquiry. Canonical correlations were used to determine the ability of the instrument to discriminate between groups characterized by different teaching and learning experiences. Components resulting from applying Principal Components Analyses were considered to be good discriminators for the groups sampled except for the Learning Experience in Regard to Student Role in Inquiry Classrooms component. This is evidence of construct validity of the instrument sections that measure these variables. Based upon face validity, content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity evidence from this study, the modified versions of these instrument sections are considered to be valid, reliable, and comprehensive measures of inquiry teaching and learning factors.
Advisors/Committee Members: White, Arthur L.
Subjects: Education, Sciences
Keywords: Inquiry.; Teacher Beliefs about Inquiry Teaching and Learning.; Teaching Experience Using Inquiry Approaches.; Learning Experience Through Inquiry Approaches.; Scientific Inquiry.
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20.
IBRAHIM, ASHRAF.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF INTERNAL FLOW FIELD AND LINEAR AND NONLINEAR INSTABILITY OF AN ANNULAR LIQUID SHEET EMANATING FROM AN ATOMIZER.
Degree: PhD, Engineering : Mechanical Engineering, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► Performance of fuel injectors affects the combustion efficiency, pollutant emissions and combustion…
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▼ Performance of fuel injectors affects the combustion efficiency, pollutant emissions and combustion instability in gas turbine engines, internal combustion engines and industrial furnaces. In these combustion systems, either pressure swirl (simplex) atomizers, or prefilming airblast atomizers, or plain orifice pressure atomizers are used for fuel atomization. In this dissertation, a comprehensive model for pressure-swirl atomization is developed that includes computational treatment of the internal flow field and the nonlinear liquid sheet instability analysis for primary breakup. For a prefilming airblast atomizer and a plain orifice atomizer, nonlinear breakup processes for an annular liquid sheet and a liquid jet are analyzed using a perturbation method. Two-dimensional axi-symmetric numerical simulations have been carried out to study the unsteady, turbulent, swirling two-phase flow field inside pressure swirl atomizers with the volume of fluid (VOF) method. Internal flow field simulation results are validated using available experimental data for velocity measurements inside a large-scale prototype atomizer, the film thickness at orifice exit, the spray angle, and the discharge coefficient. The effect of air pressure and liquid viscosity on flow field inside the atomizer is investigated. The relationship between the internal flow characteristics and discharge parameters confirms that the internal flow structure plays a very important role in determining the atomizer performance. Linear and nonlinear asymmetric instability analyses are carried out to study the primary atomization of annular liquid sheets and liquid jets emanating from the pressure swirl (simplex) atomizer, prefilming airblast atomizer, and plain orifice pressure atomizer using a perturbation method with the initial amplitude of the disturbance as the perturbation parameter. For a coaxial liquid jet subjected to a swirling gas stream, the axisymmetric disturbance mode (n = 0) is the most dominant only when the gas swirl number is very small. However at higher swirl strength the helical (asymmetric) disturbance modes (n > 0) become dominant compared to the axisymmetric mode. The liquid jet breaks up over a shorter distance at higher gas swirl number. The gas swirl number for transition to a highly asymmetric breakup with a high circumferential wave number (n = 5) is found to vary as the inverse of the square root of the gas-to-liquid momentum ratio when the gas-to-liquid momentum ratio is less than 1. For annular liquid sheets, the breakup length is reduced by an increase in the liquid Weber number, initial disturbance amplitude and the inner and outer gas-liquid velocity ratios. The inner gas stream is found to be more effective in disintegrating and enhancing the instability of annular liquid sheets than the outer gas stream. Air swirl not only promotes the instability of the annular liquid sheet, but also switches the dominant mode from the axisymmetric mode to a helical mode (n > 0). As outer air swirl strength increases, the circumferential wave number (n) increases and the ligament shapes at the breakup time become highly asymmetric. Using the atomizer exit conditions as input, a non-linear sheet instability and breakup analysis has been carried out to predict the breakup length and the primary breakup for a simplex atomizer. The predictions of breakup length are compared with available experimental measurements which show good agreement. The coupled internal flow simulation and nonlinear sheet instability analysis provides a comprehensive approach to modeling atomization from a pressure-swirl atomizer.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jog, Milind Dr.
Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical
Keywords: Atomization, Pressure Swirl atomizer, Jet, Annular sheet, Nonlinear Instability
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21.
Ibrahim, Hala M.
A Nation In Turmoil: Is Education To Blame? An Analysis of Sudan’s National Basic Education Curriculum.
Degree: MA, International Studies - Communication and Development Studies, 2006, Ohio University
► This thesis analyzes the national Basic School curriculum of Sudan and its…
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▼ This thesis analyzes the national Basic School curriculum of Sudan and its implications on national social cohesion. The research used thematic analysis to analyze the approved textbooks. The research employed qualitative interviewing to solicit information from key persons in Sudan’s curriculum development as well as educators and activists. The themes identified are patriotism, resolving conflict through violence, collectivism and cooperation, family values, environmental conservation, and discipline and compliance. The findings indicate a dominance of Arab-Muslim culture. Two opposing opinions are contested in the qualitative interviews. Officials stated that the curriculum is inclusive. All other interviewees stated that the curriculum is centered on Northern Sudan’s culture and history. In addition, Islam is emphasized in the curriculum.The research establishes that the curriculum is one-sided. Dominant groups have used education as a platform to advance a hegemonic agenda, thereby fundamentally reinforcing division and polarization within Sudanese Society.
Advisors/Committee Members: Godwyll, Francis E.
Keywords: Sudan; Conflict; Education; Culutral Hegemony; Curriculum
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22.
IBRAHIM, IRENE.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SINGLE AND TWIN TRANSVERSE JETS IN SUBSONIC CROSSFLOW.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Aerospace Engineering, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► This Masters research is broadly divided into two sections: the first is…
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▼ This Masters research is broadly divided into two sections: the first is a study of single jets in crossflow and the second is a study of a twin jet configuration in crossflow. The single jet tests are further divided into those conducted with circular nozzle injectors and those with noncircular nozzle injectors. The circular nozzle injectors were tested in confined and unconfined flow conditions. Also, the diameter and the blowing ratio for the circular nozzle injectors, in confined and unconfined flow, were manipulated to study their effects. The noncircular nozzle injectors consisted of a triangular and a bluff geometry, each aligned in two different orientations with respect to the crossflow, which were studied and compared to the baseline circular nozzle at the same conditions. In the second main study on twin jets, the interaction between the two jets was investigated and the spacing between the injectors as well as the blowing ratio were manipulated to test their effects. All experimental work is done using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) flow diagnostics in subsonic windtunnels at various UC facilities. The behavior of the jet in crossflow in the single jet tests was characterized using the following parameters: penetration and trajectory, decay of mean centerline velocity, spreading rates of the windward and leeward jet boundaries, formation of the region of reverse flow, an approximation of the mass entrainment characteristics based on the trajectory of the jet, and an analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy of the flowfield as generated by the behavior of the jet. It was found that the penetration and the size of the reverse flow region grow with increasing blowing ratios. These effects are further magnified for increasing jet diameter. For the noncircular injector tests, additional analysis was performed pertaining to large scale structures as influenced by the properties of the boundary layers shed from the various walls of the injector nozzle. This incorporated an investigation of the vortices generated on the surfaces of the jet as well as in the flowfield. It was found here that jets injected from high aspect ratio nozzle geometries penetrate the least while those with low aspect ratios penetrate the highest into the crossflow. The curvature of the nozzle walls also has an effect on the outcome of penetration and other parameters. For twin jet tests, it was found that the presence of a second jet upstream of another jet generates a shielding effect that enhances the penetration of the rear jet or shielded jet. This shielding effect also results in a large region of reverse flow forming between the two jets compared to that formed leeward of a single jet at the same conditions. Also, the reverse flow region of leeward of the rear jet is considerably reduced due to the acceleration of the crossflow fluid as it maneuvers about the extra blockage of the front jet.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gutmark, Dr. Ephraim.
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23.
Ibrahim, Sarah A.
A Structure-Enhancement Relationship and Mechanistic Study of Chemical Enhancers on Human Epidermal Membrane based on Maximum Enhancement Effect (Emax).
Degree: PhD, Pharmacy : Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► Transdermal pharmaceutical formulations, in most cases, contain chemical penetration enhancers. To properly…
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▼ Transdermal pharmaceutical formulations, in most cases, contain chemical penetration enhancers. To properly select efficient chemical enhancers, an understanding of their mechanism(s) of action is essential. This dissertation evaluated the enhancement effects of known topical or cosmetic ingredients on human epidermal membrane (HEM) permeation. Permeation enhancement effect, Emax, was identified as enhancement effect induced by the enhancer on HEM permeation as the enhancer approaches the thermodynamic activity of its pure state in equilibrium with HEM. A structure enhancement relationship was established for the chemical enhancers studied. Emax was shown to be dependent of the lipophilicities. A guideline for the selection of chemical enhancers based on efficiency and duration of enhancement was determined based on octanol/water partition coefficient and calculated n-octanol solubility. This dissertation also studied topical formulations consisting of a volatile carrier system containing the chemical enhancers. To fully understand the enhancer induced permeation enhancement mechanism, the transport domain of skin i.e., the stratum corneum (SC) lipid domain was probed. This involved the determination of both enhancer and permeant uptake into the lipid domain of SC following enhancer treatment. It was concluded that the permeation enhancement mechanism is attributed to the enhancement of permeant partitioning into the transport rate limiting domain. Liposomes formulated from extracted human stratum corneum lipids (EHSCLL) were characterized and used to directly study this domain. The uptake of the chemical enhancers within the EHSCLL was determined and the results suggested a quantitative relationship between enhancer uptake in EHSCLL and enhancer efficiency. DSC and ATR-FTIR studies using enhancer treated intact SC supported that the mechanism of chemical enhancers is via their fluidization and perturbation of the SC lipid bilayer. This finding suggests that the enhancers induce both a polarity shift in the SC lipid domain and a decrease in lipid microviscosity through lipid fluidization in the SC.
Advisors/Committee Members: Li, Kevin.
Subjects: Pharmaceuticals
Keywords: Skin; Chemical Enhancers; DSC; ATR-FTIR; Transdermal; Liposomes
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24.
IBrahim, Tamer S.
Design of Radiofrequency Coils for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications: A Computational Electromagnetic Approach.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2003, Ohio State University
► The advancement of MRI as a radiological instrument has been associated with…
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▼ The advancement of MRI as a radiological instrument has been associated with a constant drive towards higher magnetic field strengths resulting in higher operational frequencies. More powerful magnets bring the promise of enhanced signal to noise ratio, exquisite resolution, and reduced scan times. At the same time however, MRI at higher frequencies adds significant engineering complexities to the MRI experiment, most notably in designing safe, versatile, and high-performance radio frequency (RF) coils. In this work, computational and theoretical electromagnetic analysis of several RF coils used in MRI are presented at Larmor frequencies that range between 64 and 470 MHz representing clinical imaging at 1.5:11 Tesla. The electromagnetic interactions with phantoms and anatomically detailed head models, including a developed high-resolution human head mesh, are studied at different field strengths. The computational tool of choice here was the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Combined with measurements using an 8 Tesla MRI system, currently the most powerful clinical magnet in the world and a 1.5 Tesla system, the FDTD method is utilized to study, analyze, and eventually design RF coils. Innovative Engineering approaches using phased array techniques are presented to improve the performance of RF head coils in terms of transverse magnetic field uniformity and reduction of specific absorption rate for operation at 4.7 and 8 Tesla. Novel analytical derivations are presented to explain the source of the MR signal. The combination of the analytical derivations, FDTD modeling, experiments. and infrared imaging gives a new prospective onto the electromagnetics associated with low and high field clinical imaging.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Robert.
Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; High Field MRI; Computational Electromagnetic; Modeling; Radiofrequency Coils; Finite Difference Time Domain Method
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26.
Ice, Jane E.
AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IN CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Degree: Master of Environmental Science, Environmental Sciences, 2004, Miami University
► AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IN CINCINNATI, OHIO by…
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▼ AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IN CINCINNATI, OHIO by Jane E. Ice My internship was served between May 9, 2000 and November 14, 2000 at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Technology Transfer and Support Division, Technology Transfer Branch, in Cincinnati, Ohio. The projects of the internship included researching and developing a Risk Communication Digest for the EPA and other environmental/public health agencies to use as a risk management tool, developing a drinking water quality index as part of a risk communication “toolkit” within the U.S. EPA’s Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking (EMPACT) program, and becoming an active member of the U.S. EPA’s Environmental Excellence Team (EET). The EET’s goal is to bring EPA-Cincinnati employees together to: (1) examine environmental issues associated with the way we do business in our EPA workplace, (2) strive to make all employees cognizant of the impact of their day-to-day actions, (3) recognize environmental excellence, and (4) make recommendations for action to management.
Advisors/Committee Members: Green, Jerry.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
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27.
ICENHOUR, CRYSTAL RENEE PERRY.
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR COMPETITIVE COEXISTENCE OF TWO SPECIES OF PNEUMOCYSTIS WITHIN RAT LUNGS.
Degree: PhD, Medicine : Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine, 2002, University of Cincinnati
► Pneumocystis burden were associated with Pneumocystis fluctuations, suggesting that the competition was…
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▼ Pneumocystis burden were associated with Pneumocystis fluctuations, suggesting that the competition was mediated by environmental factors. Microscopic analysis of rat lung sections showed that both species could exist in close apposition within the same alveoli, excluding habitat heterogeneity as a mechanism for coexistence. The immediate environment of the rat colony was surveyed for the presence of both species to find reservoirs of Pneumocystis, resulting in their identification from walls, floor, air vents, bedding, fur, and feces. Putative infective forms were isolated from air vents and oral cavities with P. carinii-specific antibody coated magnetic beads. These findings indicate that the immediate environment may harbor viable Pneumocystis. Differences between acquisition/transmission of both species were evaluated using targeted PCR of DNA from oral swabs, an ante mortem method developed to monitor P. carinii and P. ratti within the same rat. This technique could predict P. carinii infection outcome, but not P. ratti. Application of this technique showed that P. carinii could be acquired by neonatal rats within the first hour of life, but there was no evidence for vertical transmission of P. carinii by PCR analysis of fetal tissues. These studies suggested that Pneumocystis was acquired early in life. When P. carinii and P. ratti were present in the same lung, a competitive relationship occurred. Neither species was eliminated from the colony, suggesting coexistence. The competition interaction of the two species was likely influenced by environmental factors, suggesting such extrinsic conditions had an influence on the life cycle of these organisms.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cushion, Dr. Melanie T.
Keywords: pneumocystis; infectious disease; medical mycology
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28.
Ichihashi, Fumitaka.
Investigation of Combustion Instability in a Single Annular Combustor.
Degree: MS, Engineering and Applied Science: Aerospace Engineering, 2011, University of Cincinnati
► The well known criterion for combustion instability is called the Rayleigh’s criterion.…
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▼ The well known criterion for combustion instability is called the Rayleigh’s criterion. It indicates that, for combustion instability to occur, the heat release rate (q’) and pressure oscillation (p’) must be in phase. This thesis describes measurement techniques and study methods for combustion instabilities that occurred in the prototype single annular sector Rich-Burn Quick-Mix Lean-Burn (RQL) combustor on the original (short) and new (long) experimental rig configuration with a focus on q’ and p’ measurements. A change in the configuration of the combustor rig was necessary in order to acquire more precise measurements of forward- and backward-moving acoustic pressure waves within the rig by mounting pressure transducers on preselected locations of the upstream duct, downstream duct and combustion area. Pressure transducers provided such local pressure behaviors as amplitude and frequency per location, also in addition to transfer functions that allow for the calculation of the acoustic impedance at any location within the combustor rig. A high-speed camera was capable of filming a chemiluminescene image, i.e., the rate of heat release through a quartz window that is mounted on the side of the combustor. Two imaging analysis techniques, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Fourier Transformation, were applied to the chemiluminescene image obtained by a high-speed video device. Two different test cases were investigated. Both a high and low fuel-to-air ratio were used for the investigation of the Rayleigh’s criterion, which was confirmed by the corresponding q’ and p’ data sets. Finally, the resonance frequency that agrees with combustion instability was well predicted by utilizing the one-dimensional wave propagation theory and the known geometry of the combustor rig, temperature of fluid, and boundary conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jeng, San-Mou.
Subjects: Aerospace Materials
Keywords: Combustion Instability; POD; RQL; Proper Orthogonal Decomposition; Combustion Acoustic; Rayleigh's Criterion
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30.
Ickes, Melinda J.
Predictors of Behaviors Related to Obesity Using the Theory of Planned Behavior in Seventh and Eighth Grade Students.
Degree: PhD, Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services: Health Education, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► Background: Of children and teenagers aged 6–19, 16% (almost 9 million) were…
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▼ Background: Of children and teenagers aged 6–19, 16% (almost 9 million) were obese (i.e. Body Mass Index at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex) and this number has continued to increase. Increased understanding of proper nutrition and the need for physical activity among adolescents will likely prevent health problems associated with overweight and obesity, and improve quality of life into adulthood. In particular, when considering determinants of obesity responsive to change, a focus on modifiable, prevalent, and relevant behaviors among adolescents should be taken. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (behavioral intent, attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control) predicted four behaviors linked to childhood obesity in middle school children: daily physical activity, sedentary behaviors, fruit and vegetable intake, and water versus sweetened beverages consumption. In addition, a valid and reliable instrument which adequately reified the constructs of the TPB in relation to the aforementioned behaviors was developed. Methods: A cross-sectional design was implemented to obtain a convenience sample of 318 middle school students. Prior to the administration of the instrument to the entire student population, factor analysis and reliability estimates were conducted with a sub-group of students. The 129-item instrument was administered during health, physical education, and art classes. Multiple regression and structural equation modeling were used to establish the predictors for each behavior. Results: Almost 25 % of the students were considered overweight or obese. Students did not meet the recommended five servings of fruit and vegetables per day (M = 3.67); participated in more than the 1-2 hours recommended screen time (M = 187.42 minutes); and had an increased risk of obesity with their sweetened beverage consumption (M = 1.59 glasses) per day. The mean behavioral intention scores for the behaviors were as follows: screen time behaviors (M = 12.31, SD = 5.42); physical activity (M = 12.84, SD = 7.18); fruit and vegetable consumption (M = 12.18, SD = 5.74); sweetened beverages versus water consumption (M = 12.42, SD = 6.07) – denoting a moderate intent to participate in the behavior. Regression results showed that behavioral intention was predictive for screen time among overweight and obese students, participation in physical activity among all students, consumption of fruits and vegetables among overweight and obese students, and consumption of water versus sweetened beverages in normal weight students (p < 0.05). The most predictive constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior were subjective norms and perceived behavioral control – accounting for up to 11.4% of variance in the behaviors. Conclusion: Behavioral intention was linked to the four behaviors suggested for obesity prevention in adolescents. Differences among those students who were considered normal weight and overweight/obese existed, and should be considered when designing future programs. The Theory of Planned Behavior presented a beneficial framework for improving behavioral intention among adolescents, with hopes to progress toward positive behavior change in nutrition and physical activity behaviors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sharma, Manoj.
Subjects: Health education
Keywords: Obesity; Adolescents; Nutrition; Physical Activity; Theory of Planned Behavior
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