1831 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [62]
1.
DA'AS, DURAID A.
WHERE IS THE WEST END GOING? AN URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK.
Degree: MS ARCH, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of), 2004, University of Cincinnati
► Throughout the world, the urban fabric and physical image of cities, such…
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▼ Throughout the world, the urban fabric and physical image of cities, such as Cincinnati, is changing due to a multitude of demands and pressures, as reflected by the constant out migration of people from the city to the suburbs. The lack of policy and commitment to citizen participation in rebuilding communities, contributes to these out migrations and the limited role professionals play in the practice of urban design and community planning. The decay and deterioration of American cities has been increasing for decades, partly evidenced by the constant demolition of the urban, social, cultural, and institutional structures. This urban disintegration will continue unless a clear and politically supported policy for planning, design, and preservation is advocated and enacted in cities.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bible, Tom George.
Subjects: Architecture
Keywords: Urban Design; Community Design; City Planning
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3.
Daas, Mutaz A.
Modeling the effects of oil viscosity and pipe inclination on flow characteristics and drag reduction in slug flow.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering (Engineering), 2001, Ohio University
► Computational analysis along with extensive experimental investigation have been carried out to…
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▼ Computational analysis along with extensive experimental investigation have been carried out to predict drag reduction in slug flow utilizing three types of oil with viscosities of 2.5 cP, 26 cP, and 50 cP in 10-cm ID, horizontal and 2-degree inclined pipes. Effects of oil viscosity and pipe inclination on each component of the total pressure drop in slug flow were determined. The impact of liquid viscosity and pipe inclination on the effectiveness of drag reducing agents (DRA) was also investigated. Predicted values were in good agreement with experimental results. Results from both experiments and modeling showed that the accelerational component of pressure drop was dominant in low and moderate oil viscosities. This component reached values as high as 86% of total pressure drop. Most of the drag reduction took place in the accelerational component and reached values as high as 88% out of total drag reduction. As oil viscosity increased, the frictional component was found to increase dramatically and exceeded 40% of total pressure drop in the 50 cP oil. The DRA was found more effective in reducing both frictional and gravitational components of total pressure drop in higher-viscosity oils than in lower ones. For example, at superficial liquid and gas velocities of 0.5 and 6 m/s frictional loss was reduced by a factor of 60% in the 26 cP oil when adding 50 ppm of the DRA. The corresponding value for the 2.5 cP oil was less than 10%. Meanwhile, the DRA was more effective in reducing accelerational component, hence total pressure drop, in the 2.5 cP oil than in the 26 cP oil. Pressure drop increased significantly when pipe inclination was changed from horizontal to 2 degrees due to the presence of the gravitational component. This increase in pipe inclination was accompanied with a decrease in the velocity of the stratified film ahead of each slug. Thus resulting in an elevated accelerational pressure loss. This work will help introduce new mechanisms for drag reduction in multiphase flow and provide a new mechanistic or empirical correlation to incorporate drag reduction in multiphase flow.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jepson, W. Paul.
Subjects: Engineering, Chemical
Keywords: effects modeling; oil viscosity; pipe inclination; flow characteristics; drag reduction; slug flow
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4.
DABABNEH, AWNI JAMIL.
COMPARISON OF A CONVENTIONAL KEYBOARD TO AN ALTERNATIVE DESIGN WITH RESPECT TO PERFORMANCE AND SHORT INTERVAL PAUSES.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Industrial Engineering, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► A number of keyboard designs have been developed which differ from the…
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▼ A number of keyboard designs have been developed which differ from the conventional keyboard design. Each of these designs has the goal to address awkward postures promoted by the conventional keyboard. Studies investigating these “alternative” keyboards designs have found that some alter working posture, and reduce discomfort. However, performance measurement has had little attention. Performance measures are the traditional domain of industrial engineering and human factors engineering. Performance measures translate into improved productivity and profits; and can be used to convince those who must authorize what are seen as high expenditures on ergonomically improved keyboards, by justifying the cost of using such ergonomically designed keyboards to relate improved posture to improved performance. This study, part of a larger one (Swanson et al, 1997), compared three keyboards of different designs and two position settings to a conventional (control) keyboard. Performance data were collected over a period of three days for each subject. For this study 25 subjects were randomly selected, (5 subjects from each of 5 keyboard conditions). These subjects were chosen using pre-defined population characteristics so that variability between and among subjects would be minimized. The work performance indicators were monitored on a continuous basis during the sessions. All data for the control and comparison groups was gathered and separated for error rate and keystroke rate and aggregated over 5 minute periods. This study utilized Cakir’s five types of errors (e.g., omission and random errors, mistaken neighboring, shift task mistake, multiple characters hit, and fat finger error, (Cakir, 1995). The study also explored the total number of short interval pauses and their time consumed as another measure of performance. Data was analyzed through a simple Mixed Design Analysis of Variance, with t-test comparisons to examine significant main effects and interactions. The results indicated that although the rate of most types of errors did not differ by keyboard condition, several of the alternative keyboards did have higher numbers of certain errors associated with them. The Kinesis keyboard had greater numbers of omissions and random errors as well as mistaken neighboring key, associated with it. The Ergologic keyboard, in the upright position, had greater numbers of multiple keys hit. Additionally, the Comfort keyboard had longer spontaneous pauses during its use. These all indicated that a longer period may be needed as a learning period for each alternative keyboard.
Advisors/Committee Members: Shell, Dr. Richard.
Keywords: keyboard; performance; pauses; alternative
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5.
Dabbs, Ashlie C.
The Invisibility of “Second Sight”: Double Consciousness in American Literature and Popular Culture.
Degree: MA, English/Literature, 2011, Bowling Green State University
► In this text I examine the metaphor, “second sight,” as a signifier…
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▼ In this text I examine the metaphor, “second sight,” as a signifier of the concept of double consciousness, described in William Edward Burghardt Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk (1903). I observe how the metaphor operates to express various perceptions of double consciousness as intrinsic to the African-American. As such, I provide a close reading of second sight in Pauline Hopkins’s Of One Blood (1902-3), noting the ways in which her portrayal of second sight as a biological inheritance transforms the metaphor from a signifier of double-consciousness to a signifier of blackness. I subsequently move eighty years beyond Du Bois and Hopkins to scrutinize the depiction of second sight in Gene Rodenberry’s popular television series, Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987-1994). In doing so I illuminate the ways in which Du Bois’s metaphor continued to be relevant in popular culture at the end of the twentieth century. I argue that the three texts depict second sight as a racialized knowledge and reveal a concurrence that race is corporeal and fixed. However, while Hopkins’s text asserts that the African-American will, by way of race, inevitably develop “second sight,” Du Bois and Rodenberry articulate that it is not race, but culture that leads to the successful development of such skills. In examining second sight as a racialized and coded signifier relevant beyond its inception, I open doors for the continued exploration of the signifier in the American literature and popular culture of both the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sheffer, Jolie.
Subjects: African American Studies; American Literature; Literature
Keywords: Du Bois; Double Consciousness; Pauline Hopkins; Of One Blood; Star Trek: The Next Generation; Second Sight
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6.
Dabdoub, Shareef Majed.
Applied Visual Analytics in Molecular, Cellular, and Microbiology.
Degree: PhD, Biophysics, 2011, Ohio State University
► The current state of biological science is such that many sources of…
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▼ The current state of biological science is such that many sources of data are simply too large to be analyzed by hand. Furthermore, given the amazing breadth of investigation into the natural world, the potential for serious investigation from just mining heterogenous data sets is too rich to ignore. These two factors combined with the amount of computational power currently available make for ideal conditions from the perspective of visual analytics. Here we describe three computational projects focused on the visualization and analysis of data within the fields of microbial pathogenesis, cell biology, and molecular conformational dynamics. ProkaryMetrics is a new software package providing 3D reconstruction of fluorescent micrographs as well as various visual and statistical tools for analysis of bacterial biofilms. The software FIND is a new platform for promoting computational analysis and enhanced visualization of multicolor flow cytometry data. FIND provides users with user-friendly, cross-platform analysis software, while simultaneously providing algorithm designers a target for implementation. Finally, the Moflow project represents a new visual representation of atomic flow within molecules during conformational changes over time in a more intuitive sense than was previously possible.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ray, William.
Subjects: Bioinformatics; Biophysics; Computer Science
Keywords: biofilms, urinary tract infection, volume visualization, visual analytics, flow cytometry, molecular dynamics, visualization, fluid flow, biophysics, computer science, bioinformatics, computational biology
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7.
Daberkow, Kevin S.
Financing Ohio’s Public Schools through the Ohio Lottery: Quantitative and Qualitative Dimensions of the Lottery’s Tax Incidence.
Degree: PhD, (Education), 2012, Ohio University
► For nearly four decades the Ohio lottery has offered its products with…
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▼ For nearly four decades the Ohio lottery has offered its products with the promise of providing a financial benefit to Ohio’s public schools. The purpose of this study was to examine the tax incidence of the Ohio lottery in addition to qualitative aspects of lottery play. Data were collected from Ohio lottery sales and U.S. Census data both aggregated by zip code. Analysis of tax incidence was conducted through Suits Index analysis with confidence intervals in addition to double-log regression analysis creating elasticity coefficients. Qualitative data were collected through interviews. Five qualitative interviews provided data that were analyzed from an adapted grounded theory perspective. Suits Index analysis suggested that the Ohio lottery has been a regressive form of school finance for all of the years covered in this study (1992-2010). The least regressive games were lottery products that offered larger payouts with lower odds of winning. The most regressive games offered significantly smaller jackpots with higher odds of winning. Double-log regression revealed that lottery sales were supported disproportionately by less affluent consumers. Zip codes with higher median ages were found to drive increased lottery sales for all three types of lottery games. Non-African American minorities in Ohio (zip code analysis) were also shown to drive increased Lotto game sales. Increased percentages of males in a zip code resulted in increased Instant game sales. A higher level of education in a zip code reflected increases in lottery product’s sales. Findings of regressivity were confirmed in lottery scholarship; however, demographic representation of lottery play offered mixed results. Qualitative findings of this study revealed avoidance by lottery players to outside interference in their lottery play. Respondents also suggested a strong ability to control the lottery process when they were able to select numbers or tickets based on socially constructed or situationally applicable rules and values. Finally, respondents shared that they have some sense that lottery profits are directed to schools, despite voicing a strong anti-lottery and anti-large school district sentiment. When viewed in the context of sociological theory of stratification, the findings suggested that the lottery acts as a regressive tax on Ohio’s lottery consumers while education fails to receive a financial benefit due to fungibility described in existing literature. The primary research suggestion was to extend benefit incidence research. Policy recommendations that connect lottery regressivity to Ohio’s schools included a commitment to finance Pre-K and Kindergarten initiatives, class size reduction strategies for Ohio’s poorest schools, and a higher education lottery scholarship funded through lottery profits for graduates from Ohio’s poorest high schools.
Advisors/Committee Members: Doppen, Frans.
Subjects: Economics; Educational Sociology; Education Finance; Education Policy; School Finance; Sociology
Keywords: Ohio lottery; Suits Index; double-log regression; Ohio school finance; tax incidence; lottery scholarship; class-size reduction; Ohio school funding; pre-k funding; full-day kindergarten; lottery tax; sociology of education; stratification
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8.
Dabholkar, Anuj Ajit.
Study of diamond abrasive microtool fabrication by pulse-electroplating method.
Degree: MS, Engineering and Applied Science: Mechanical Engineering, 2012, University of Cincinnati
► The ability to offer multiple functionalities with minimal space, material and energy…
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▼ The ability to offer multiple functionalities with minimal space, material and energy utilization has led to increase in demand for micro products with sizes ranging from tens of micrometers to few millimeters. Micro system products have several applications in biotechnology, electronics, optics, medicine, avionics, automotive and aerospace industries. Superior mechanical and physical properties offered by advanced engineering materials comprising metals, ceramics and fiber-reinforced composites have led to their increased usage in micro system products such as X-ray lithography masks, micro-fluidic devices, micro-scale heat sinks, biomedical instruments, and miniaturized mechanical devices like actuators, gears and motors. Advanced engineering materials used in these microsystems are often hard, brittle, and electrically nonconductive and pose micromachinability challenges. Micromachining with sub-micron cutting depth by micro-sized abrasive tools is capable of deterministic material removal with minimal sub-surface damage in advanced composites and ceramics. To achieve this, it is essential to fabricate precise abrasive microtools to enable abrasive micromachining. In this research work, an experimental system has been designed and built in-house for fabrication of abrasive microtools using the principles of pulse-current electrodeposition. Abrasive microtools of diameter 300 μm embedded with 2-4 μm diamond grit have been produced using this system. A mathematical model has been developed and experimentally verified to predict the weight percent of micro abrasive particles incorporated in binder matrix, for a given set of pulse-plating conditions. Designed experimental studies have been conducted using Taguchi method to understand the effect of process parameters on proportion of abrasives embedded during the tool making process. These studies indicated that shorter pulse durations at higher duty factors result in nominal extent of abrasive incorporation, at room temperature conditions with electrolyte pH 5. Using a high-speed precision spindle system, micro holes were machined by these tools in metallic, semiconductor and polymer work materials. Performance of the diamond abrasive microtool was evaluated in terms of material removal rate, form circle accuracy and tool wear.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sundaram, Murali.
Subjects: Mechanical Engineering
Keywords: abrasive micromachining; microtool; diamond; pulse-electroplating
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9.
DABKE, SHILPA SHRIKRISHNA.
JOB SATISFACTION OF WOMEN IN CONSTRUCTION TRADES.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Civil Engineering, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► Women face unique challenges to work and establish themselves in non traditional…
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▼ Women face unique challenges to work and establish themselves in non traditional occupations such as construction trades. Existing research on women in construction focuses on engineers and entrepreneurs, yet little to no attention has been given to women in trades. Thus, the aim of this research is to review literature on tradeswomen, and to conduct a localized study to determine if demographic variables affect satisfaction with work, pay, opportunities, supervision, and people on the job for tradeswomen. These variables include age, education, number of dependents, number of trade years, duration of work, and frequency of work outside of the local area. Thirty-nine tradeswomen from the Cincinnati area were surveyed to assess their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with construction work. Currently, literature review indicates that research on tradeswomen is limited and largely restricted to identifying measures that can attract and retain women in construction trades. Studies on motivation and job satisfaction of construction workers neither identify nor compare perceptions of tradeswomen about their work. Results of this exploratory study showed that pay, benefits, and job security are most important to women in their occupation. Although tradeswomen appear to be satisfied with the nature of work in construction trades, this is not the case in terms of pay, benefits, and job security. Demographic variables did not affect the level of job satisfaction for women in construction trades. Research on tradeswomen is essential and important as the industry tries to change its image, encourage diversity in order to mitigate labor shortage.
Advisors/Committee Members: Salem, Ossama.
Subjects: Engineering, Civil
Keywords: Tradeswomen, job satisfaction, women in trades, work satisfaction
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11.
Dabney, David E.
Analysis of Synthetic Polymers by Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2009, University of Akron
► The utilization of MS and MS/MS techniques have resulted in the complete…
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▼ The utilization of MS and MS/MS techniques have resulted in the complete characterization of chain-end, in-chain and cyclic polystyrene and polybutadiene as well as an analytical method which allows the rapid determination of the location of functionality as well as determining if the material is linear or cyclic.The characterization of in-chain polystyrene is described and compared to chain-end polymers comprised with similar functionality. This allowed the differentiation of fragment ions resulting from the CAD fragmentation between the two types of functionalization. Additionally, the MS/MS spectra of in-chain functional polymers allow the determination of average chain length on either side of the functional group. Further expansion of polystyrene understanding was accomplished by characterizing macrocycle polystyrene which also contained a functional group. The CAD spectrum provided conclusive proof that the material was in fact cyclic due to the observed monomer losses as a result of CAD induced ring opening. After ring opening the macrocycle behaves similarly to an in-chain functional polymer and produces a mid- mass range Poisson distribution corresponding to the chain length on each side of the functional group, however, in this case it does not directly correlate to average chain length. This cyclic fragmentation pattern was confirmed when cyclic non-functionalized polybutadiene was characterized. Here the mid-range Poisson distribution was absent due to no functionality being present. However, the same monomer loss was observed which further confirmed that the monomer loss was indeed a function of the ring opening rather than a spectral feature induced by the ToF/ToF mechanism being akin to PSD. This was further confirmed by using a Q/ToF to verify the monomer loss after ring opening. Characterization of polybutadiene without pyrolysis was also conducted. While the adherence to free radical degradation was maintained it was discovered that unlike polystyrene, polybutadiene preferentially fragments by internal rearrangements. Finally, by comparing the different MS/MS fragmentation patterns of the various materials utilized for this work the ability to determine where the functional group is and whether or not the material is cyclic and further if the macrocycle contains functionalization is possible by simply observing the MS/MS fragmentation pattern.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wesdemiotis, Chrys.
Subjects: Analytical chemistry
Keywords: Mass Spectrometry; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Polystyrene; Polybutadiene; Synthetic Polymer; Mechanisms
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12.
Dabney, James.
Show me that you care: The existence of relational trust between a principal and teachers in an urban school.
Degree: PhD, Educational Policy and Leadership, 2008, Ohio State University
► This dissertation explores the existence of relational trust as defined by Bryk…
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▼ This dissertation explores the existence of relational trust as defined by Bryk and Schneider (2002) in an urban school with an identified effective principal. Specific attention is given to principal-teacher relationship dynamics. Bryk and Schneider (2002) posited that relational trust exists between principals and teachers when teachers feel respected as professionals by their principals, see their principals as competent school managers, perceive their school-site administrators as having integrity, and when teachers believe that their principals have a genuine interest in their personal well being.A literature review on leadership in general, effective educational leadership, and appropriate headship for schools undergoing restructuring is presented. Moreover, included is a distinction between urban schools and their rural and suburban counterparts, highlighting the unique and complex challenges faced by students in inner-city public educational centers. Employing a mix-method approach within a case study design, teachers completed a questionnaire on their perception of their principal. Observations were conducted for a seven month period as well as relevant documents were analyzed. Drawing from the review of the literature, survey findings, notes from observations and from the gathered relevant files, questions were developed for a teacher focus group session and a principal interview. The points made in the focus group discussion also informed the principal interview instrument. Findings revealed that teachers in the study had high relational trust in their principal and that he conveyed trustworthiness in numerous ways. Furthermore, respecting the integrity of qualitative research, other themes that substantiate the literature on effective leadership for urban education and trust establishment emerged and are discussed. The findings imply that the tenets of relational trust are viable and effective constructs that can be materialized in the behaviors of principals in urban educational districts.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gordon, Beverly.
Subjects: African Americans; Education; Educational sociology
Keywords: Urban education; trust; educational leadership; education reform
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13.
Dabrowska, Kornelia Anna.
LINKING PROFITABILITY, RENEWABLE ENERGY, AND EXTERNALITIES: A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OHIO DAIRIES.
Degree: PhD, Environmental Science, 2010, Ohio State University
► Communities living in close proximity to livestock operations may be subjected to…
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▼ Communities living in close proximity to livestock operations may be subjected to economic externalities (third party or spill over effects) like pollution or odors originating from these facilities. Direct environmental contamination is of considerable concern since waste is frequently stored in stacks or pits and may leach or spill into the surrounding environment. There is also the danger that waste may be transported even further across the landscape via runoff. But adequate information about the social costs associated with livestock operations is scarce. Addressing this informational gap constitutes the first objective of this work. Here, economic modeling combined with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) based mapping has been used to analyze the impact of animal agriculture on the environment and local communities. Several hedonic pricing models were developed for three selected counties in the state of Ohio across two different time periods (2000 to 2001 and 2003 to 2004). Hedonic regressions explain the value of a house in terms of its characteristics; therefore they can be used to ascertain whether or not an environmental variable has a statistically significant impact on housing values. Because of the spatial nature of the data a neighborhood sampling method as well as explicit spatial modeling was used to derive value estimates. The impacts estimated by both models in terms of prices were quite similar thereby increasing confidence in the robust nature of the results. Marginal prices of $0.51 to $0.57 per foot revealed the impact of dairies to be negative and highly significant. These results indicate that property values may decrease by 2% per mile (on average) as proximity to a dairy operation increases, meaning that dairies function as disamenities. The second stage of the estimation revealed that decreasing these impacts by 10% to 25% (by employing anaerobic digestion for example) would result in welfare gains of over $500 to $1,100 per household, respectively. Decreasing these impacts by means of employing anaerobic digestion to manage waste and generate energy on farm would provide considerable environmental advantages as well. One moderately sized dairy operation (of about 183 animals) would be able to generate enough electricity to power up to 6 homes (using only 25% of the available material), and decrease greenhouse gas emissions by over 30% relative to conventional coal based electricity production. The dairy sector across Ohio has the potential to power almost 20,000 homes assuming only 25% of the waste material produced is collected and used for generation purposes. Using anaerobic digestion to generate power could decrease greenhouse gas emissions from 1% to almost 14% state wide (depending on what assumptions are made about methane content and conversion efficiency), about 45 to 512 thousand tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, respectively (utilizing only ¼ to ½ the available material). Furthermore, using animal waste to produce renewable energy would not entail removing crop residue from harvested lands and thus potentially decreasing the agricultural productivity of these lands.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hitzhusen, Fred.
Subjects: Environmental science
Keywords: Spatial econometrics, hedonic, externality, livestock, greenhouse gas
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14.
D'Acchioli, Jason S.
On the nature of the electronics structure of metal-metal quadruply bonded complexes.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2005, Ohio State University
► Metal-metal (M 2 ) quadruply bonded complexes have a rich, diverse chemistry.…
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▼ Metal-metal (M 2 ) quadruply bonded complexes have a rich, diverse chemistry. From providing insight into fundamental chemistry, to having applications in materials chemistry, they continue to fuel the imagination of many inorganic chemists. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of complexes containing M 2 (M = Mo, W) quadruple bonds are their physical and electronic structures. This thesis demonstrates an “aufbau” for understanding metal-metal quadruply bonded complexes. We begin by examining the spectral and electronic properties of simple paddlewheel complexes of the form M 2 (O 2 CR) 4 (M = Mo, W; R = t Bu—experimental; CH 3 , H—computational models). From there, we move to understanding the subtle electronic and thermodynamic features of more complex systems, i.e. [(HCO 2 ) 3 M 2 ] 2 (µ-O 2 CCO 2 ). We then move from understanding complexes of the form [(HCO 2 ) 2 M 2 ] 4 (µ-O 2 CCO 2 ) 4 to [M 2 (µ-O 2 CCO 2 )] ∞ , the “infinite limit” of an extended structure. Finally, we investigate the unique chemistry of systems linked by 4,4’-azodibenzoic acid, applying what we know from similar studies of related systems. Throughout this work, computational techniques utilizing density functional theory is emphasized, as it has proven quite successful in predicting and reproducing experimental results.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chisholm, Malcolm H.
Keywords: Metal-metal multiple bonds; metal-metal quadruple bonds; density functional theory; electron paramagnetic resonance; inter-valence charge transfer complexes; electrochemistry using fluoryl aryl borates
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15.
Dach, Toni M.
The World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Body and International Economic Relations in the 21st Century.
Degree: MA, Political Science (Arts and Sciences), 2007, Ohio University
► Since the conversion of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)…
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▼ Since the conversion of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, the Organization has faced severe difficulties in reaching trade-liberalizing agreements. One potential cause of this inability to reach new agreements is the waning of mutual interest between Member States on the norms of the regime. The norm of the GATT was well-described by John Gerard Ruggie as “embedded liberalism” – free trade with exceptions to ensure domestic stability. However, agreement on this norm has come under fire as some groups push for increased liberalization in line with more orthodox economic principles, while others continue to cling to the safety net of embedded liberalism. Using case studies from the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body, I pinpoint these tensions between orthodox and embedded liberalism, demonstrating how states, transnational actors, and the WTO itself have contributed to these tensions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mosher, James S.
Keywords: International Law, World Trade Organization, Embedded Liberalism, Neoliberal Institutionalism
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17.
da Cunha, Daise Nunes Queiroz.
Properties of Flow Through the Ascending Aorta in Boxer Dogs with Mild Aortic Stenosis: Momentum, Energy, Reynolds Number, Womersley’s, Unsteadiness Parameter, Vortex Shedding, and Transfer Function of Oscillations from Aorta to Thoracic Wall.
Degree: PhD, Veterinary Biosciences, 2009, Ohio State University
► Ejection murmurs of subaortic and aortic stenosis occur commonly in the mammalian…
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▼ Ejection murmurs of subaortic and aortic stenosis occur commonly in the mammalian population. Boxer-dogs have a high prevalence of systolic ejection murmurs (50 to 80%). The origin of these murmurs is a subject of discussion, especially in those cases that anatomical lesions are not evident, as with many cases of mild aortic stenosis. It has been speculated that turbulence is one of the most likely genesis of these ejection murmurs. Boxer-dogs with soft murmurs provide useful model to evaluate physical factors of aortic flow that may produce murmur.A total of 15 Boxer-dogs were evaluated with physical examination, electrocardiography, and a complete echocardiographic exam. For studies conducted in both the catheterization and NMR laboratories, 7 Boxers were induced to anesthesia for evaluation of the fluid mechanical parameters. Sounds were recorded from the ascending aorta and the torso surface in the cath-lab. S2 was used to calculate transfer function between oscillations in the heart and oscillations on the body surface. The images to study aortic blood flow were acquired on a 1.5T Siemens MRI system for 5 locations of the ascending aorta, 3 physiological states, and 7 dogs. Mean and peak velocity, area, Reynolds number, Womersly parameter, energy, flow, momentum, and vorticity were calculated from the velocity-encoded images using MRI. Reynolds numbers were above the critical values indicated in the literature. Re’s correlated well with momentum (r2 =0.54) and flow (r2 =0.86). Rotational velocity in CCW direction were greatest at the arch (p<0.05), clockwise vortices were greater at the root and Valsalva-sinus (p<0.05). Ten variables indicated that turbulence may have occurred at the proximal regions of the aorta. The murmur of mild aortic stenosis was originated in the proximal regions of the ascending aorta, demonstrated by the most “violent” fluid-mechanical activities in these regions. There was a mathematical relationship between intensity of oscillations within the heart generating sound and the intensity of oscillation detected on the thoracic wall as heart sound.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hamlin, Robert.
Subjects: Acoustics; Anatomy and physiology; Animals; Fluid dynamics; Radiology
Keywords: Boxer dogs; systolic ejection murmur; mild aortic stenois; fluid mechanics; Reynolds number; Womersley parameter; Vorticies; Kinetic energy; momentum; Dobutamine; aucultation; catheterization; acoustics; Transfer function; heart sounds frequency and amplit
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18.
Da Cunha, Luis.
Structural insights into the Function of the Arabidopsis protein RIN4, a multi-regulator of plant resistance against bacterial pathogens.
Degree: PhD, Horticulture and Crop Science, 2009, Ohio State University
► The plant innate immune system consists of two main branches, PAMP-triggered immunity…
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▼ The plant innate immune system consists of two main branches, PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activates PTI. However, pathogenic bacteria deploy virulence factors that suppress PTI, including translocated type III effector (T3E) proteins. In addition to suppressing PTI, T3Es also activate the second branch of plant innate immunity, ETI, via activation of NB-LRR disease resistance proteins. ETI can be indirectly activated by PTI-suppressing T3Es. For instance, the Arabidopsis protein RIN4, which negatively regulates PTI, is targeted by the three sequence unrelated T3Es AvrRpm1, AvrB, and AvrRpt2 from P. syringae that suppress PTI. Additionally, RIN4 mediates recognition of these T3Es via the NB-LRR proteins RPM1 and RPS2. AvrRpm1 and AvrB phosphorylate RIN4, and AvrRpt2 cleaves it. RIN4 interacts in planta with, RPM1 and RPS2, and perturbation of RIN4 elicits their response to these T3Es. Structure-function analysis of RIN4 has revealed that (1) RIN4 has multiple domains capable of negatively regulating PTI; (2) one of these domains is critical for regulation of RPM1; (3) membrane targeting of RIN4 differentially affects its ability to regulate PTI and ETI; and (4) RIN4 differentially regulates RPM1 and RPS2. Collectively, our results indicate that RIN4 is multifunctional with separable activities involved in regulation of these two central branches of plant immunity.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mackey, David.
Subjects: Plant pathology
Keywords: Plant resistance; PTI; R-gene; Pseudomonas; RIN4
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19.
Dadas, Caroline E.
Writing Civic Spaces: A Theory of Civic Rhetorics in a Digital Age.
Degree: PhD, English, 2011, Miami University
► In this project, Writing Civic Spaces: A Theory of Civic Rhetorics in…
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▼ In this project, Writing Civic Spaces: A Theory of Civic Rhetorics in a Digital Age, I explore how citizens are using digital technologies to participate in civic processes. Although scholars have begun looking at civic rhetoric online, I extend this conversation by focusing on the use of social networks for civic participation. Based on an analysis of online texts and interviews with online participants, I theorize civic rhetorics for a digital age and how citizens are using the affordances of networked and digital technologies to create online texts that in some cases serve as publics spheres and in other instances lack the presence of debate necessary for a public sphere. Through this theory of civic rhetorics I seek to inform future scholarship, pedagogies, and methodologies in rhetoric and composition, guiding the field in one of its central concerns: to prepare critical, engaged citizens. Ultimately, this project generates a rhetorical participatory framework for meaningful engagement in online civic activity, covering a range of strategies from designing more generous website interfaces to negotiating the increasingly blurred boundaries between the civic and the political.
Advisors/Committee Members: Simmons, Michele.
Subjects: Composition; Rhetoric
Keywords: Civic rheorics; digital rhetorics; civic participation; Proposition 8; multimodality
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20.
Daddario, Rosemarie.
Differential Reinforcement Of Other Behavior (DRO) Applied Classwide With Young Children.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences, 2010, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to further expand the evidence-based literature…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to further expand the evidence-based literature on the effectiveness of Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) as an isolated intervention when reducing challenging behaviors. This research study addressed the issues of reinforcement, determining interval length, and momentary versus whole DRO application to further explain these variables as indicated in previous research. Specifically, this study conducted a reinforcement pre-assessment and calculated interval length (interresponse time) on a weekly basis. It examined the effectiveness of implementing whole interval DRO (wDRO) during treatment and momentary interval DRO (mDRO) during maintenance at the classwide level to reduce talking out in typically developing kindergarten children using a multiple baseline across settings design. Measures of treatment acceptability, treatment integrity, and other social validity measures were also utilized. Results indicated that the intervention effectively reduced talking out in both settings, with average response rates during floor reduced from 4.3 responses per minute (rpm) to 3.2 rpm, and 3.9 rpm to 2.2 rpm during math. Although treatment acceptability scores were below the acceptable range, treatment integrity data revealed high adherence to the DRO protocol. Social validity, partly measured by the behavior rating scales, indicated no statistical difference in the teacher’s or parents’ reports of behavior intensity. Parents reported a statistical difference in the extent they saw the behavior as problematic at home. Despite some observed limitations, several implications appear warranted. First, the relative success of momentary interval DRO over whole interval DRO appears to contradict past research. Second, it is important for practitioners to note the crucial issue of teacher acceptability and feasibility. Finally, the value of varying powerful reinforcement and delivering that reinforcement immediately after the behavior continues to demand attention. Implications for research and practice are included.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cowan, Richard.
Keywords: DRO; young children; classwide intervention
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22.
Dadgar, Majid.
Pattern Language: Identification of design opportunities for the child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to develop his/her social skills.
Degree: MA, Industrial, Interior Visual Communication Design, 2011, Ohio State University
► Children with ASDs (Autism Spectrum Disorders) have different cognitive disorders. Social interaction…
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▼ Children with ASDs (Autism Spectrum Disorders) have different cognitive disorders. Social interaction is the most discussed area that they fail to establish and develop. Social skills help the child to establish his/her social interaction. This research proposes a set of patterns. In these patterns situation (problems and context) and design opportunities (solutions) of social skills for the children with ASD at the early ages will be discussed. These social skills and related issues are discussed in the proposed patterns: communication of needs and ideas, joint attention, entry/approach skills, eye contact, maintenance skills, play, social interaction, and emotional expression. Pattern language – uniform structure and format – was developed based on the literature review, informal observations and industrial design perspective on the issue; these patterns helped to present the problems and solutions of the social skills. First drafts of the patterns were discussed in sessions with parents and instructors of children with ASDs. Eight revised patterns are the final outcome of this research project to be used by the parents of children with ASDs, as well as by designers and experts or therapists who are involved in area of working with the children ASDs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chan, Peter.
Subjects: Design
Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), Industrial Design, Pattern Language, Social Skills, Social Interaction, Design Opportunities
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23.
Dadras, Danielle Mina.
Circulating Stories: Postcolonial Narratives and International Markets.
Degree: PhD, English, 2008, Ohio State University
► Many postcolonial scholars assert that there has been a shift away from…
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▼ Many postcolonial scholars assert that there has been a shift away from the global dominance of the nation-state system toward the so-called postnational. Why, then, do such a large number of popular and provocative postcolonial narratives, both through their rhetorical intent and through their circulation histories, indicate that the nation remains a primary site of textual negotiation? And why does the nation remain a central facet of international marketing and distribution campaigns? In an effort to answer these questions, my dissertation attends to both what narrative texts marketed to an international audience do (rhetorically, aesthetically, and politically) and what is done with these narratives in the processes of circulation and distribution. I demonstrate the benefits of this dual model of reading by offering three chapter-length case studies from various genres, regions, and post/colonial conditions. “Circulating Stories: Postcolonial Narratives and International Markets” borrows from the methodologies of rhetorical narrative theory and cultural studies as well as from the important theoretical distinction between postcolonialism and postcoloniality, formulated by Graham Huggan in The Postcolonial Exotic (2001). Huggan defines postcolonialism as textual and cultural agencies of resistance and postcoloniality as the late-capitalist system of global cultural exchange that inevitably manipulates and perverts texts through channels of distribution and reception. My analytic strategy in each chapter is to confront the “entanglement” of these two tendencies, and then to extricate postcolonialism from postcoloniality in order to accomplish the following two purposes: (1) to better understand the complex designs and potential effects of postcolonial texts and (2) to consider how authors and filmmakers committed to postcolonialism seek to navigate the treacherous waters of postcoloniality. My goal is to respect the voices and visions of postcolonial artists and, at the same time, resist perpetuating critical naiveté about the possibility of unmediated or “authentic” rhetorical exchange between postcolonial artists and their audiences.
Advisors/Committee Members: Allen, Chadwick.
Subjects: Comparative literature; English literature; Literature; Motion Pictures
Keywords: postcolonial; postcolonial film; narrative; nationalism and internationalism; culture market; globalization; raoul peck; zadie smith; bahman ghobadi; rigoberta menchu
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24.
Dadzie, Dominic S.
Cost Sharing and Equity in Higher Education: Experiences of Selected Ghanaian Students.
Degree: PhD, Curriculum and Instruction Cultural Studies (Education), 2009, Ohio University
► This phenomenological research study examined sources available to students for funding education…
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▼ This phenomenological research study examined sources available to students for funding education and the experiences of students in public higher education in relation to cost sharing as an educational policy for funding tertiary education in six Ghanaian public universities. The research examines students’ use of social networks in social capital formation to meet challenges of cost sharing. The economic value of social networks within the family, the extended family, the community, and the government in social capital formation to pay for higher education were examined. The study adopted a qualitative methodology using structured, semi-structured, and open-ended in-depth interviews to collect data from 44 students from the six public universities and three administrators. Document sources from the universities, Ministry of Education, GET Fund, and the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning were also analyzed. The results were transcribed, coded and categorized under emerging themes for analysis and discussion. The findings indicated that a number of qualified students could not have access to university education because of lack of funding. Students from lower-socioeconomic families were mostly affected in the cost sharing policy. Government was seen to be gradually shifting more responsibilities of funding higher education to parents through students’ fees despite the economic situation in the country. Female students faced cultural factors that limited their access to higher education. There were gaps between government policies on enrollment that needed attention of university administrators. Policy on accommodation was not strictly monitored and residential halls were over crowded causing infrastructure deterioration. Procedures for securing student loans were frustrating to students and limited access to these loans. Not all students were using social networks to mobilize social capital in funding their education particularly students from families with patrilineal systems of inheritance used less in comparison to those from matrilineal families. Policy makers have to take into consideration the economic situations of students from lower income families in order to ensure they are not short-changed. Enrollment and accommodation policies as well as loans processing requirements need close monitoring and evaluation
Advisors/Committee Members: Godwyll, Francis.
Subjects: Education; Gender; Higher education; School finance; Social structure
Keywords: Cost sharing; Equity; public; higher education; Ghanaian students; access; enrollment; affordable; accommodation policy
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25.
Daftary, Ameet Shirish.
Effect of Long Term Steroids on Cough Efficiency and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
Degree: MS, Medicine : Epidemiology (Environmental Health), 2007, University of Cincinnati
► The effect of long-term steroid (>1 year) therapy on peak cough flow…
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▼ The effect of long-term steroid (>1 year) therapy on peak cough flow (PCF) in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is assessed alongside the pulmonary function (PFT) variable most predictive of PCF. Medical records of 10 steroid treated and 25 untreated DMD patients are analyzed. Forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and PCF data were collected. Groups were compared with Wilcoxon test and predictive relationships assessed with multiple linear regression. PCF (P = 0.047) and MEP (P = 0.021) were higher in the treated patients [PCF values 27 L/min higher than the untreated (95% CI = 2 L/min to 52 L/min, P = 0.033)]. MVV was most predictive of PCF. We concluded that long term steroid therapy may be beneficial to PCF and respiratory muscle strength in DMD. MVV may be a useful predictor of lung function in DMD.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dietrich, Dr. Kim N.
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26.
Daga, Kamal Dhulchand.
Extrusion of a thermotropic liquid crystal polymer.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering (Engineering), 1987, Ohio University
► This research involved extrusion of a thermotropic liquid crystal polymer through a…
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▼ This research involved extrusion of a thermotropic liquid crystal polymer through a converging die. Mechanical properties of the extrudates were determined. Scanning Electron Microscopic analysis was also performed. Melt viscosity of the material in liquid crystalline state became very low. This low viscosity caused serious processing problems. Once processed material was again extruded in single screw extruder. Mechanical properties of recycled material were observed to be relatively low in comparision to the new material. Because of processing limitations, ultra-high mechanical properties could not be induced in this research. But it may still be possible to obtain these properties in liquid crystalline state and elongational Flow Field. Also, crystallization of extrudate before exiting the die and moderate pressure should enhance the properties.
Advisors/Committee Members: Collier, John R.
Subjects: Engineering, Chemical
Keywords: Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymer; Converging Die; Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis
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27.
Daga, Suchi S.
Maternal Meta-Emotion and Child Socio-Emotional Functioning in Immigrant Indian and White American Families.
Degree: MA, Psychology, 2012, Miami University
► Child emotion socialization processes vary across and within cultures, and are implicated…
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▼ Child emotion socialization processes vary across and within cultures, and are implicated in various child outcomes. The present study compared Indian immigrant (N = 38) and White American (N = 46) mothers’ parental meta-emotion philosophies in the USA, specifically examining how differences in these philosophies may be related to reports of child social and behavioral outcomes. Results showed that White American mothers were rated significantly higher than Indian mothers in emotion coaching, awareness of their own and their child’s emotions, and regulation of their own emotions; however the results also indicated that emotion coaching was significantly related to child outcome for White American mothers, while it was unrelated to child outcome for Indian mothers. Moderation analysis revealed that ethnicity and children’s parent-oriented interdependence moderated the relationships between mothers’ acceptance of their child’s emotions or mothers’ regulation of her own emotions and child behavioral outcomes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Raval, Vaishali.
Subjects: Clinical Psychology; Developmental Psychology; Psychology
Keywords: culture; socialization; emotion; meta-emotion; cross-ethnic
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28.
Dagia, Nilesh M.
Transcription Inhibitors as Anti-Adhesion Agents.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering (Engineering), 2004, Ohio University
► A promising therapeutic approach for reducing aberrant leukocyte − endothelial adhesion during…
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▼ A promising therapeutic approach for reducing aberrant leukocyte − endothelial adhesion during pathological inflammation is to inhibit pro-inflammatory (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF−α)) induced endothelial cell adhesion molecule (ECAM) expression at the transcriptional level. Over the past decade, several compounds have been shown to reduce leukocyte adhesion via inhibition of cytokine induced ECAM expression by suppressing the activity of transcription factors. The majority of prior studies have tested the effects of transcription inhibitors under a narrow range of conditions. We extensively investigated the effects of a representative transcription inhibitor, the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin, on single and multi-cytokine treatment of cultured endothelial cells. Our results provide evidence that a proteasome inhibitor can reduce concurrent, sequential and long term interleukin−1β (IL−1β and TNF−α induced ECAM expression and myeloid cell adhesion. In a separate study, we explored the anti-inflammatory properties of a novel compound i.e., phenyl methimazole. We found that phenyl methimazole reduces TNF−α induced monocytic cell adhesion to endothelial cells by predominantly inhibiting vascular cell adhesion molecule−1 (VCAM−1) expression at the transcriptional level. Thus, phenyl methimazole holds promise as an anti-adhesion therapeutic. The transcription inhibitors, if administered systemically, can potentially affect all cells causing adverse side effects. The non-specific action of transcription inhibitors leads to the idea of targeting the delivery of these compounds using ligand-coated drug carriers. Since transcription inhibitors act within the cell, it is relevant to study the endocytosis of drug carriers. Our findings reveal that ligand-coated nanospheres are endocytosed by selectin presenting cellular monolayers. The complexities of the in vivo haemodynamic environment will complicate the targeted delivery of drug carriers to inflamed endothelium. An engineering analysis of this system can reveal significant insights into the interdependent relationship of the various parameters that affect in vivo targeted drug delivery. We have taken the first step towards the development of a mathematical model that predicts particle deposition to inflamed endothelium and have identified some of the key parameters for selective adhesion of targeted drug carriers. Combined, the above four studies represent a significant step towards the rational development of transcription inhibitors for the treatment of pathological inflammation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Goetz, Douglas J.
Subjects: Engineering, Chemical
Keywords: Inflamation; Leukocyte; Endothelium; Adhesion; Targeted Drug Delivery
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29.
da Gloria, Pedro Jose Totora.
Health and Lifestyle in the Paleoamericans: Early Holocene Biocultural Adaptation at Lagoa Santa, Central Brazil.
Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2012, Ohio State University
► This investigation aims to understand health and lifestyle of the Paleoamericans of…
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▼ This investigation aims to understand health and lifestyle of the Paleoamericans of Lagoa Santa, Central Brazil. Lagoa Santa is the oldest skeletal collection in the New World containing enough individuals to undertake a population analysis. The traditional model of lifestyle of the first Americans characterizes these populations as small and highly mobile bands pursuing large game animals, such as mammoths and mastodons. This model is based on the archaeological remains of Clovis culture. However, archaeological evidence from South America at the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary shows a much more diverse picture, including flake stone industries and faunal remains of small-sized animals. Indeed, the archaeological record from Lagoa Santa does not match the Clovis culture evidence. In order to investigate lifestyle in Lagoa Santa, the Western Hemisphere project (WHP) database is used as a comparative sample. This database is composed of 6,733 prehistoric skeletons from 36 sites across the Americas, belonging to foraging and farming populations. Because there is no archaeological evidence of domestication in the early Holocene population of Lagoa Santa, this investigation hypothesizes that Lagoa Santa is similar to the typical hunter-gatherer population of the WHP database. The collection of Lagoa Santa, housed in Brazil, is composed of an estimated number of 195 individuals dated to 10,000 to 7,000 yr. BP based on 32 direct dates on bone and teeth. This work investigates five aspects of health and lifestyle of Lagoa Santa: oral health and diet (caries, abscess, antemortem tooth loss, tooth wear), activity (degenerative joint diseases, femoral midshaft diaphyseal shape, and postcranial fractures), infectious diseases (periosteal reactions), systemic stress during growth and development (stature, femur length, linear enamel hypoplasias, cribra orbitalia, and porotic hyperostosis), and interpersonal violence and warfare (cranial fractures). Univariate statistics are used to compare Lagoa Santa with the WHP database. The analyses are controlled by sex, age and inter-observer error. In addition, graphic and temporal analyses are undertaken. The results of this work shows that Lagoa Santa has poor oral health (statistically significant), high physical activity in the limbs, typical hunter-gatherer physical activity in the column, low mobility, low accidental injuries, high infections, high stress during growth and development (stature and cribra orbitalia), typical hunter-gatherer interpersonal violence and no warfare. There is a consistent pattern of Lagoa Santa deviation from the typical hunter-gatherer of the WHP database. Lagoa Santa tends to deviate in the direction of agriculturalists in oral health, mobility, infections and general stress, having a worse health than expected for an early Holocene foraging population. These deviations from the typical hunter-gatherer of the WHP database should be interpreted with cautions, since only oral health reaches statistical significance. On the other hand, Lagoa Santa position within hunter-gatherer variability is not compatible with small and highly mobile bands of hunter-gatherers. In fact, Lagoa Santa can be characterized as a more dense society, occupying intensely a spatially restricted environment and eating cariogenic plants. These findings force us to reconsider the lifestyle of the first Americans, at least concerning populations living in tropical regions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Larsen, Clark.
Subjects: Archaeology; Physical Anthropology
Keywords: Bioarchaeology; human skeletons; hunter-gatherers; first Americans; South American archaeology
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