1666 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [56]
1.
Aab, Steven D.
Performance Analysis of the Local Area Augmentation System as the Position Sensor for the Runway Incursion Prevention System.
Degree: MS, Electrical Engineering (Engineering), 2005, Ohio University
► Runway incursions have become an increasing problem at airports across the country.…
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▼ Runway incursions have become an increasing problem at airports across the country. The National Safety Board has listed them among their "Most Wanted" safety improvements. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have been developing systems intended to reduce and prevent the number of runway incursions. Both agencies have been working on systems utilizing the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) as the position sensor for the Automatic Dependent Surveillance and Broadcast (ADS-B). The Avionics Engineering Center of Ohio University has been involved with the development of the NASA sponsored Runway Incursion Prevention System (RIPS). The main responsibility for the Avionics Engineering Center has been the installation, operation, and maintenance of the LAAS ground facility as well as providing expertise and assessing the system’s performance. The testing for RIPS took place at the Dallas/Ft. Worth International Airport from 24 September 2000 until 26 October 2000. This thesis provides a detailed position accuracy assessment of the LAAS installation used for the NASA RIPS. This assessment provides statistical information on position accuracy as compared to industry standards for airborne LAAS receivers and recommendations for the application of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning equipment in supporting surface guidance.
Advisors/Committee Members: DiBenedetto, Michael F.
Keywords: avionics
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2.
Aagard, Erik A.
A Pre-Design Study Of Patient And Medical Professional Attitudes And Reactions Towards The Colors Of Medical Scrubs.
Degree: MFA, Art, 2008, Ohio State University
► Surgical scrubs are worn by a variety of medical professionals in various…
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▼ Surgical scrubs are worn by a variety of medical professionals in various capacities all over the world. Called by the shortened name “scrubs” the one-time surgical only attire is now worn by men and wormen in every conceiveable medical capacity. Once only available in white, scrubs now come in a diverse array of color assortments, all of which carry implict meaning both for the medical professional and patient. To assess some of the possible interpretations of various scrub colors, and determine preferred colors, a three pronged approach was used. A Make-See-Do model (a hands-on, participatory experience) was employed to triangulate the data. First, nineteen medical professionals were given an in-person questionnaire asking about their color preferences, scrub color preferences, clothing preferences, and experiences wearing surgical scrubs. The professional then used a MakeTool (a toolkit to build a model) to pick their preferred color(s) and cut of scrubs by affixing small laminated colored scrub pieces to foamcore “dolls” with velcro patches. Sixteen different colors were available. Second, the identical questionnaire was also sent to 249 medical professionals who took the online survey and selected scrub configurations and preferred colors with toggle buttons. Thirdly, 341 potential patients were given an online survey asking them to guess the profession of a medical professional, based on the color of her scrubs. A list of ten possible professions was listed below her picture and the same picture was shown ten different times with the same woman wearing different colored scrubs each time. To help understand and interpret the data, a literature review of color symbolism, marketing, psychology, physiology, and history was completed. Patient and medical professional response was several times greater than initially anticipated. Both groups appeared to be quite emotionally invested in the choice of scrub colors and had strong preferences about what colors were associated with medical professionals. The most preferred color for medical professionals was light blue, light green, and then darker blue. Professionals who wore these colors were likely to be identified first as a doctor, a nurse, and then a dentist. Nurses had wider lattitude with colors and were recognized as nurses if they wore the afforementioned colors or pink, purple, gray, or red. Patient surveys demonstrated that the colors blue and green were clearly viewed as “medical” colors. If other colors were worn by professionals, patients became confused at their role. Professionals were consistent in their views on scrubs and no difference was seen between online and in-person interviews. The colors overwhelmingly preferred by medical professionals were: light blue, light green, and a darker blue. These colors were seen as the most “professional.” Darker colors and bright and light colors were considered unacceptable. Most professionals didn’t think a trim color was necessary and only 15% of them preferred two colored scrubs. A majority of the participants believed the fit of scrubs needed improvement and had various suggestions for upgrades and betterment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mayo, Noel.
Subjects: Design; Marketing; Social research
Keywords: scrubs; color theoy; color psychology; maketool; design research; color, hues; medical clothing; color testing; surgical wear
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3.
Aakre, Jennifer Marie.
Attributional style in schizophrenia: Associations with suspiciousness and depressed mood.
Degree: PhD, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Psychology, 2010, Kent State University
► A relationship between a pronounced “self-serving” attributional style and persecutory delusions has…
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▼ A relationship between a pronounced “self-serving” attributional style and persecutory delusions has been demonstrated in research on social cognition and psychosis. One explanation for this relationship is that external attributions are used to assign blame outside of the self for negative events, thereby protecting self-esteem. The tendency of these external attributions to also be personal, i.e., to blame specific others rather than chance, may be due to an impaired Theory of Mind (ToM). Ultimately, this tendency to misattribute the mental states of others and thus to attribute negative events to external-personal causes is hypothesized to lead to persecutory delusions. The current study has tested the relationships among suspiciousness, externalizing bias, and personalizing bias in a sample of individuals with schizophrenia, expecting to find positive associations between suspiciousness and the attribution variables and to find differences between schizophrenia patients and nonpsychiatric controls. This study also tested the hypothesis that ToM, personalizing bias, and suspiciousness are related, and that the relationship between ToM and suspiciousness is mediated by personalizing bias. This study sought to explore the relationship between depression and attributional style in individuals with schizophrenia, as there is little known about the role of attributional style in depression in this patient group. Finally, this study has investigated the convergent validity and relative utility of three different methods of attributional style measurement. Results indicate that a personalizing bias is related to suspiciousness. ToM was related to personalizing bias in the patient group, but the proposed meditational model was not supported by the data. Externalizing bias and depression were not related, regardless of the method used to measure attributional style. The measure of attributional style based on patient’s own categorizations of their attributions proved to be related to suspiciousness, while the other methods of measuring attributional style were not. Variables based on the three measures of attributional style were only modestly related to one another. This study replicates previous findings on attributional style in schizophrenia, while providing new information on the measurement of attributional style in this patient group.
Advisors/Committee Members: Docherty, Nancy.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: schizophrenia; attributional style; social cognition; Theory of Mind; delusions; suspiciousness
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4.
Aarden, Bret J.
Dynamic melodic expectancy.
Degree: PhD, Music, 2003, Ohio State University
► The most common method for measuring melodic expectancy is the “probe-tone” design,…
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▼ The most common method for measuring melodic expectancy is the “probe-tone” design, which relies on a retrospective report of expectancy. Here a direct measure of expectancy is introduced, one that uses a speeded, serial categorization task. An analysis of the reaction time data showed that “Implication-Realization” contour models of melodic expectancy provide a good fit. Further analysis suggests that some assumptions of these contour models may not be valid. The traditional “key profile” model of tonality was not found to contribute significantly to the model. Following Krumhansl’s (1990) argument that tonality is learned from the statistical distribution of scale degrees, a tonality model based on the actual probability of scale degrees did significantly improve the fit of the model. It is proposed that the probe-tone method for measuring key profiles encourages listeners to treat the probe tone as being in phrase-final position. Indeed, the key profile was found to be much more similar to the distribution of phrase-final notes than to the distribution of all melodic notes. A second experiment measured reaction times to notes that subjects expected to be phrase-final. In this experiment the key profile contributed significantly to the fit of the model. It is concluded that the probe-tone design creates a task demand to hear the tone as a phrase-final note, and the key profile reflects a learned sensitivity to the distribution of notes at ends of melodies. The “key profile” produced by the new reaction-time design is apparently related to the general distribution of notes in melodies. The results of this study indicate that the relationship between melodic structure and melodic expectation is more straightforward than has been previously demonstrated. Melodic expectation appears to be related directly to the structure and distribution of events in the music.
Advisors/Committee Members: Huron, David B.
Subjects: Psychology, Cognitive; Music
Keywords: melodic expectancy; music theory; music cognition; music perception; tonality; key profiles; tonal hierarchy; reaction time; retrospective perception; probe tone; Implication-Realization theory; information theory
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5.
Aarnes, Turi K.
Fluid administration for the treatment of isoflurane-induced hypotension in dogs.
Degree: MS, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 2009, Ohio State University
► Isoflurane is the most commonly used inhalant anesthetic in veterinary practice. Hypotension,…
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▼ Isoflurane is the most commonly used inhalant anesthetic in veterinary practice. Hypotension, a side effect of isoflurane anesthesia, increases morbidity and mortality. Intravenous (IV) fluid therapy is frequently proposed for correction of anesthetic-induced hypotension. The efficacy of fluid therapies for the treatment of isoflurane-induced hypotension has not been investigated. The objective of our study was to determine the effect of the IV administration of a crystalloid (Lactated Ringer’s Solution, (LRS)) or colloid (Hetastarch, HES) on isoflurane-induced hypotension in dogs. We hypothesized that IV fluid administration would correct isoflurane-induced hypotension and that HES administration would correct isoflurane-induced hypotension more rapidly, more effectively, and with a smaller volume than with LRS. Six Beagles were studied. Isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was individually determined. All dogs underwent each treatment in a random-ordered three-way cross-over design, separated by a minimum of 7 days: an infusion of HES, an infusion of LRS, and no IV fluid administration (NFA). Following propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance, dogs were instrumented. Dogs were maintained at 1.3 times MAC for an additional 30 minutes. Baseline data were collected. The isoflurane concentration was increased to achieve a systolic arterial blood pressure (SABP) of 80 mmHg (time 0). The isoflurane concentration required to attain a SABP of 80 mmHg was maintained for the duration of the experiment. Fluid administration in the HES and LRS groups began at time 0 at a rate of 80 mL/kg/hr. Fluid administration was discontinued if SABP returned to within 10% of baseline. If SABP did not return to within 10% of baseline values, fluid was administered to a pre-determined maximum volume: 40 mL/kg for HES and 80 mL/kg for LRS. Heart rate, SABP, mean ABP, diastolic ABP, mean pulmonary artery pressure, right atrial pressure, cardiac output, and blood volume change (BV) were measured and recorded at baseline, time 0, and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes in all groups, and at 150 and 180 minutes in the fluid treatment groups. Blood gases, pH, lactate, electrolytes, packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP), albumin, colloid osmotic pressure (COP), and viscosity were determined at baseline, time 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes, and viscosity was also determined at 180 minutes in the fluid treatment groups. Blood was collected 24 hours after recovery for hemogram, PCV, TP, lactate, viscosity, and chemical profile analysis. Cardiac index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. Administration of 80 mL/kg of LRS did not increase SABP in any dog, while administration of 40 mL/kg or less of HES increased SABP in four of six dogs. SABP, DABP, and MABP were significantly increased in dogs that received HES compared with LRS. CI increased and SVR decreased with fluid administration. Viscosity was lower in dogs that received LRS compared with HES. PCV and TP decreased with LRS. COP increased with HES. Hetastarch but not LRS increased SABP despite lower volumes of HES administered. The present study supports the administration of HES over LRS for the treatment of isoflurane-induced hypotension in dogs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bednarski, Richard.
Keywords: isoflurane, anesthesia, hetastarch, hypotension
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6.
Aaron, Coey T.
A Complete Guide for Working with KCNE1 in Lipid Bilayers.
Degree: BS, College of Arts and Sciences - Biochemistry, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► To be a successful scientist, one must understand all aspects of the…
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▼ To be a successful scientist, one must understand all aspects of the research project at hand. Attention to minute detail is paramount when trouble shooting must be done. Research is 99% failure and 1% success. It is the joy of these successful moments that brings us back to the lab each day. This work seeks to explain the KCNE1 project from a beginner’s perspective and impart upon the reader the basic knowledge needed to work on the project and realize these successes. The following is not only a cook book of recipes and protocols but also an explanation of how and why each protocol works. It follows the philosophy that the stronger the foundation one has in the basics, the more successful they will be in their work.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lorigan, Gary.
Subjects: Biochemistry
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7.
Aaron, Gregory Lewis.
A Geochemical and Hydrologic Comparision and Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage in Glaciated and Unglaciated Eastern Ohio.
Degree: MS, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Geology, 2012, Kent State University
► Two coal mine drainage sites in eastern Ohio were characterized. The mine…
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▼ Two coal mine drainage sites in eastern Ohio were characterized. The mine near Leetonia, OH is covered by glacial till with carbonate minerals that impart alkalinity to the shallow groundwater. Water is brought to the mine via subsidence fractures that cause a quick increase in discharge from the mine in response to runoff events on the surface once the mine pool has filled. A dilution effect on dissolved ions due to new recharge water is minor compared to changes in discharge and indicates that the majority of the water entering the mine has a sufficiently long time to reach chemical equilibrium. The alkaline water buffers the acidity produced by pyrite oxidation keeping the pH inside the mine circumneutral. Maintaining a circumneutral pH reduces ferric iron solubility and prevents further pyrite oxidation, essentially shutting down this positive feedback mechanism that would drive the pH down and contaminant concentrations up. Therefore without glacial deposits above the mine the drainage could be more harmful to the environment. The other mine located near Hammondsville, OH within the unglaciated region has no flowing discharge at the surface as the result of a sealing of the mine entry. Without new mine discharge, the water chemistry was controlled by variation in seasonal climate with dissolution of minerals during the wet season and precipitation of minerals during the dry season.
Advisors/Committee Members: Griffith, Dr. Elizabeth.
Subjects: Environmental Geology; Environmental Science; Geochemistry; Geological; Geology
Keywords: Acid Mine Drainage; Glacial; Alkalinity; Ohio; Columbiana County; Jefferson County; Coal
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8.
Abada, Ahmed.
Processing, compatibility and oxidation of diboride-reinforced oxide matrix composites for ultrahigh-temperature applications.
Degree: PhD, Materials Science and Engineering, 1990, Case Western Reserve University
► Promising results for the development of a ceramic/ceramic composite to be used…
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▼ Promising results for the development of a ceramic/ceramic composite to be used for structural applications in the ultra high temperature range (1650-1850°C) have been obtained for alumina reinforced with titanium or zirconium diboribe coated with molybdenum disilicide. Prior to this achievement, several theoretical and experimental studies of particulate composites with (TiB2 or ZrB2) imbedded in (ZrO2, Y2O3 or Al2O3) were conducted. Calculations of the compatibility and stability of oxide matrices with the diborides in vacuum showed positive energies of formation, indicating suitability of reinforcement of alumina under vacuum conditions. Also, since the sublimation of vapor species at ultra high temperatures is very critical to the stability of substances still existing in their condensed states, a detailed thermodynamic analysis of the metal-oxygen systems, was carried out using elemental data of the TiB2, ZrB2, ZrO2, Y2O3, Al2O3, MoSi2 and their combinations (TiB2 or ZrB2)/(ZrO2, Y2O3 or Al2O3) for comparison, at 1650, 1850 and 2050°C. A comparison of the combination TiB2 and ZrB2 in Mo Si2/(Al2O3 or ZrO2) at 1650°C was also made. A stability analysis using equilibrium oxygen partial pressures for the TiB2 and ZrB2 decomposition at 1650, 1850 and 2050°C was carried out. A detailed characterization of the powders used for the oxide matrices, the diborides and the molybdenum disilicide are presented. The effects of the powder characteristics and the vacuum hot pressing parameters on the densification of the composites are discussed. Stability and chemical compatibility of the particulate and ternary composites in their as hot pressed states and following their vacuum and air oxidation treatments were characterized. Interdiffusion of elemental species across diboride/disilicide and oxide/disilicide interfaces was studies by EDS dot mapping. It is proposed that the growth of the Mo5Si3 is interface reaction controlled. It is proposed that diffusion of atmospheric gaseous oxygen through the porous texture left by the initial reaction of the oxide and diboride to form volatile B2O3 accounts for the continued erosion of the structure. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.
Advisors/Committee Members: Vedula, K. M.
Keywords: Processing compatibility oxidation diboride reinforced oxide matrix composites ultrahigh temperature application
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9.
Abahazi, Matthew A.
Tropical North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction for the Last 800 Years Using Mg/Ca Ratios in Planktic Foraminifera.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2009, University of Akron
► Global warming is an important scientific and cultural problem for our time.…
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▼ Global warming is an important scientific and cultural problem for our time. As such, determining the historical sea surface temperatures is critical to our understanding of past, present and future climate change. In order to assess the patterns of prior climate change and establish reliable records upon which future predictions of climate change can be based, it is necessary to measure and calibrate climate change proxies. The samples used for this study come from a 56.5 cm box core retrieved in 1990 from 450 m depth in the Cariaco basin. Consecutive 1mm-thick samples were taken and processed for the planktic foraminifera species Globigerina bulloides for Mg/Ca analyses to estimate sea-surface temperature (SSTs) during the winter/spring upwelling season. The Mg/Ca values were obtained using an ICP-AES and later used in comparison with historical instrumental records to derive an equation to reconstruct sea-surface temperatures during the last 800 years. The record derived from this core indicates a high amount of variability in sea-surface temperatures over this 800 year interval. The Medieval Warm Period had considerable temperature variability that was previously not well-documented. Average sea-surface temperatures over this time period are 26.2°C with slight cooling toward the end of the period. The Little Ice Age is marked by the coldest temperatures of the Late Holocene record, averaging approximately 25.6°C. The coldest period within the LIA is coincident with the Maunder Minimum in the core record. Modern temperatures as recorded by instrumental records and from the proxies recovered from the core is increasing at rates greater than they have in the past 800 years represented in this sediment-core record. This study is one of the first of its kind to present a high-resolution, sea surface temperature record for the tropics. The proxy equation can be used in the region to further delineate climate variability in the Late Holocene.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chyi, Lindgren.
Subjects: Geochemistry; Geology
Keywords: Globigerina bulloides; Ciriaco Basin; Foraminifera; temperature calibration; climate change
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10.
ABASCAL, CARLOS G.
ADAPTIVE EQUALIZATION OF A RADIO FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Environmental Engineering, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► With the arrival of High Definition Television and in general all spectrally…
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▼ With the arrival of High Definition Television and in general all spectrally efficient modulation techniques like Eight Levels Vestigial Side Band (8VSB), whose peak to average power ratios is far greater than the traditional modulation methods, the broadcast manufacturer has encountered a new and very serious design challenge. The increased dynamic range combined with the strict maximum allowed levels of out-of-band spectral emission dictated by the Federal Communications Commission requires from all the power amplification stages more linearity than what is actually achievable by means of analog Radio Frequency design alone. In order to solve this problem a compromise solution has been proposed. It allows for some nonlinearity in the amplifiers while controlling the out of band emissions using sharp analog filtering. Unfortunately, severe degradation of the in-band signal parameters takes place as a consequence of Inter Symbol Interference caused by this analog filter, leaving no other choice but to equalize it. This thesis presents the results of Adaptive Digital Equalization of the Linear Distortion phenomena in a Television Transmitter. The characteristics of the Digital TV modulation standard used in the U.S. are examined. The design methodology of adaptive filtering is reviewed. An equalization algorithm suitable to the problem is chosen and implemented in a Digital Signal Processor. Different versions of the hardware/software implementation of the digital equalizer are reviewed and compared. Results of the final system are analyzed. Conclusions include successful applications, recommendations for improvement, as well as the foreseen conditions where the system could potentially fail.
Advisors/Committee Members: Polycarpou, Dr. Marios.
Keywords: adaptive equalization
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11.
Abate, Brianna Lynne.
The Perfect Storm: A Systemic Analysis of the Apologetic Rhetoric of Hurricane Katrina.
Degree: MA, Speech Communication, 2008, Miami University
► This thesis analyzes the rhetoric of President George W. Bush, Louisiana Governor…
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▼ This thesis analyzes the rhetoric of President George W. Bush, Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco, and New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Using the rhetorical methodology of apologia, six specific artifacts of federal, state, and city/local governments are examined. Analysis suggests implications for the three levels of government, the study of apologia, as well as future study of natural disaster rhetoric.
Advisors/Committee Members: Voth, Ben.
Subjects: Communication; Rhetoric
Keywords: Hurricane Katrina, apologia, rhetoric, George W. Bush, Kathleen Blanco, Ray Nagin
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12.
Abbaoui, Besma.
The Potential for Platinum-Based Heterobimetallic Paddlewheel Complexes to Fight Cancer.
Degree: BS, College of Arts and Sciences - Biochemistry, 2005, Miami University Honors Theses
► A thesis presented on the potential of unique metal complexes, namely Platinum…
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▼ A thesis presented on the potential of unique metal complexes, namely Platinum based heterobimetallic paddlewheel complexes, to act as antitumor drugs. The goal of this work is first to present a journal review of currently present platinum and rhodium based antitumor drugs, including cisplatin and di-rhodium complexes which were instrumental in the design of our new proposed antitumor drugs. This will be followed by an introduction to the research I am currently performing in synthesizing these Pt-based heterobimettalic complexes. Finally, results and discussion of my current research findings will be presented. I hope that this work will be both informative and enjoyable to the reader.
Advisors/Committee Members: Zhou, Hong-Cai.
Subjects: Chemistry, Inorganic
Keywords: cancer, heterobimetallic, platinum, rhodium, inorganic chemistry
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13.
Abbaoui, Besma.
BROCCOLI ISOTHIOCYANATES AS CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENTS AND EPIGENETIC MODULATORS OF BLADDER CANCER.
Degree: PhD, Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, 2011, Ohio State University
► Bladder cancer is the fifth most common neoplasm and one of the…
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▼ Bladder cancer is the fifth most common neoplasm and one of the most expensive cancers to treat and monitor. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli, may reduce bladder cancer risk. These vegetables contain high concentrations of glucosinolates (GLUs) that are enzymatically hydrolyzed to bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs) by myrosinase. The most abundant ITC produced in broccoli, sulforaphane (SFN) is under investigation for its potential chemopreventive activity. Our objectives were to characterize GLUs and ITCs in broccoli and broccoli sprouts, determine their absorption and bioavailability in mice, define their bioactivity in bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo and define their potential mechanisms of action. Broccoli and broccoli sprouts GLUs and ITCs were characterized by HPLC-MS-MS. In vitro effects of non-hydrolyzed (GLUs) and hydrolyzed broccoli and broccoli sprouts (ITCs), and pure ITCs sulforaphane (SFN), erucin (ECN), iberin and allyl ITC, were studied on normal bladder urothelial cells and a panel of human bladder cancer cell lines, representing the spectrum of bladder cancer biology (RT4: non-invasive; J82 and UMUC3: invasive). Cell viability (MTS and SRB assays), apoptosis (caspase-3/7 activity and PARP cleavage) and cell cycle analysis (flow cytometry) were performed. For in vivo studies, female athymic nude mice were subcutaneously injected with UMUC3 cells and fed diets containing 4% freeze-dried broccoli sprouts, or 2% freeze-dried broccoli sprouts extract; or gavaged daily with 295 µmol/kg sulforaphane or 295 µmol/kg erucin (n=12/group). Tumor growth rate was monitored and final tumor weights, cell proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (PARP) were compared. Bioavailability of isothiocyanates was determined by extracting plasma, bladder and tumor metabolites and quantifying them by UPLC-MS/MS. The potential of SFN and ECN to act as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) was assessed by HDAC activity assay, HAT assay, biomarkers of HDACI: AcH3, p21 and TS (western blotting), and by LCMS. We found broccoli sprouts have higher levels of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates than broccoli. Broccoli sprout ITCs and SFN followed by ECN were the most potent inhibitors of bladder cancer cell viability and normal bladder urothelial cells were least sensitive to this inhibition. SFN and ECN resulted in dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle accumulation. In vivo, a significant decrease in final tumor weight (36-60% reduction), decreased tumor cell proliferation (50%) and induction of apoptosis (2-fold) was observed in broccoli sprout and pure ITC gavage treatment groups when compared to control. Metabolites of SFN and ECN were present in plasma, tumor and bladder tissue of all treated groups (pico-micromolar range). Evidence of inter-conversion of SFN and ECN was observed. HDAC and HAT activity were significantly inhibited by both SFN and ECN treatment, AcH3 and p21 were increased and LCMS revealed decrease in phosphorylated histone H1, a plausible novel biomarker of bladder cancer progression. Our studies show that broccoli sprout isothiocyanates are abundant, bioavailable and have significant bioactivity in inhibiting bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo in association with epigenetic modulation. This work supports further preclinical and clinical studies to determine the potential chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of these compounds in bladder cancer.
Advisors/Committee Members: Clinton, Steven.
Subjects: Biomedical Research
Keywords: Broccoli, Bladder Cancer, Isothiocyanates, Proteomics, Metabolism, Transitional Cell Carcinoma
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14.
Abbas, Adeel.
An Online Learning Tool and its Effectiveness on Enhancing Negotiation of Meaning.
Degree: Master of Computing and Information Systems, Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, 2012, Youngstown State University
► The purpose of this study was twofold. The first purpose was to…
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▼ The purpose of this study was twofold. The first purpose was to describe a prototype for an online taskbased language learning (OTBLL) tool designed and developed for Turkish as a foreign language. The second purpose was to investigate the effectiveness of the OTBLL tool with respect to negotiation of meaning. More specifically, the experimental study examined the role of teaching approach in foreign language acquisition by comparing task-based instruction through the online task-based language learning tool to multimedia-based form-focused tool on the amount of negotiation of meaning. Two intermediate-level Turkish classes consisting of 28 high school students participated in this experiment. The classes were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: a control group with multimedia-based form-focused foreign language instruction and an experimental group with online task-based foreign language instructions. Instruction lasted for 10 days. The dependent variable was the amount of negotiation of meaning sequences in Turkish language produced by students in two conditions. Statistical analyses revealed that students with the online task-based instructions produced significantly more negotiation of meaning sequences than students with multimedia-based form-focused instructions. Based on those results, it was concluded that online task-based foreign language learning was more effective than multimedia-based form-focused instruction in increasing the amount of negotiation of meaning students produced.
Advisors/Committee Members: Arslanyilmaz, Abdurrahman.
Subjects: Computer Science; Educational Software; Educational Technology; Information Technology; Language
Keywords: task based; form focused; second language learning; information technology; education software; educational; Turkish
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15.
Abbas, Asma A.
HSV-1 INFECTION IN KERATINOCYTE CELL LINES TREATED WITH MITOTIC INHIBITORS.
Degree: MS, Microbiology and Immunology, 2011, Wright State University
► The hypothesis for this research was: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)…
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▼ The hypothesis for this research was: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of murine keratinocyte cell lines (HEL-30 and PAM-212) treated with mitotic inhibitors leads to silencing of virus replication. At 0.1 (Multiplicity of infection) MOI, PAM-212 keratinocytes showed some cell lysis and viral plaques were seen in HEL-30 keratinocyte cultures. PAM-212 keratinocytes, infected at 0.01 MOI, were more susceptible to the lytic effect of HSV-1 than were HEL-30 cells. In this study, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUDR) treatment of both keratinocyte cell lines permitted an increase survival of HSV-1- infected keratinocytes especially for PAM-212 cell line which was further examined for the presence of sequestered virus after treatment with FUDR and infection with HSV-1. In this post-mitotic state, HSV-1-infected keratinocytes appeared to contain latent virus as suggested by the lack of virus plaques or cytopathic effect (CPE). After infection, these cells were examined for the presence of replicating HSV-1 in Vero cell overlays. Virus plaques were found, suggesting that latency may have been established.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bigley, Nancy.
Subjects: Immunology
Keywords: HSV-1 infection; keratinocyte cell lines; mitotic inhibitors
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16.
Abbas, Atheir Ibrahim.
PSD-95 Regulates Serotonin Receptor Function in vivo.
Degree: PhD, Biochemistry, 2009, Case Western Reserve University
► The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor, a target for hallucinogens and…
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▼ The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor, a target for hallucinogens and some antipsychotics, is thought to play a prominent role in regulating mood, perception, and cognition. The closely related 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT2C)receptor is also thought to be involved in a number of central nervous system processes including mood and temperature regulation. Due to the behavioral effects that result from activation and blockade of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, it has been suggested that these receptors can modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission, though the biochemical links between the metabotropic serotonin and ionotropic glutamate systems have remained a mystery. In the studies presented herein we show that the postsynaptic PDZ domain-containing scaffolding protein postsynaptic density protein of 95kDa (PSD-95), a 5-HT2A/2C-interacting protein, is an important biochemical link between the serotonin and glutamate systems. We show that, in the absence of PSD-95 in vivo, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor expression is reduced due to an increase in the rate of receptor turnover. We also provide evidence that targeting to the appropriate apical dendritic compartment is impaired in neurons cultured from PSD-95 knockout mice, and that lentiviral addback of PSD-95 to knockout neurons rescues targeting. We also examine signaling at both the biochemical and behavioral level. With respect to the 5-HT2C receptor, we show that the ability of a 5-HT2C agonist to induce c-fos, a marker of neuronal activation, is greatly reduced in the absence of PSD-95. We also present data showing that 5-HT2A-mediated hallucinogen-induced head twitch is also reduced in the absence of PSD-95. Finally, we provide evidence that clozapine, which is thought to correct the abnormalities in glutamatergic neurontransmission seen in some animal models of psychosis via a 5-HT2A-dependent mechanism, is unable to exert its therapeutic efficacy in PSD-95 knockout mice. Together the data presented herein provide the first biochemical link between the metabotropic serotonin and ionotropic glutamate systems. Our studies also suggest that this link is relevant not only with respect to the regulation of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor function, but also with respect to hallucinogen action and the neurochemistry underlying psychosis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Roth, Bryan.
Subjects: Biochemistry; Pharmacology
Keywords: 5-HT2A
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17.
Abbas, James Joseph.
Neural network control of functional neuromuscular stimulation systems.
Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 1992, Case Western Reserve University
► A neural network control system has been designed for the purpose of…
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▼ A neural network control system has been designed for the purpose of controlling cyclic movements in Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation (FNS) systems. The design of the control system directly addresses three problems faced in the implementation of FNS control systems: customizing the control system parameters for a particular individual, adapting these parameters to account for changes in the musculoskeletal system, and resisting mechanical disturbances. The control system is implemented by a two-stage neural network that utilizes adaptive feedforward and feedback control techniques. The first stage of the neural network, the Pattern Generator, generates a cyclic pattern of activity. The design of this stage is based upon neural models of vertebrate motor control systems. The signals from the Pattern Generator are adaptively filtered by the second stage, the Pattern Shaper. A learning algorithm that accounts for system dynamics and input time delays was developed for use in adapting the Pattern Shaper filtering properties. Computer simulated models of electrically stimulated muscles acting on one- and two-segment skeletal systems were used to assess the potential utility of the neural network control system in FNS control. Results of the evaluation demonstrated that the control system can automatically c ustomize stimulation parameters, adapt them on-line, and resist mechanical disturbances. The control system was also demonstrated to be capable of controlling movements of multi-joint systems and of utilizing biarticular muscle effectively. The success of the control system in this evaluation indicates that it may provide significant improvements to existing FNS control system technology and suggests that the technique should be investigated further. These studies also indicate that this strategy may be appropriate for other applications in the control of dynamic, nonlinear systems with input time delays. The use of biologically motivated neural networks in the Pattern Generator provides this control system with unique features that are not readily available using existing control system techniques. The learning algorithm developed for use in the Pattern Shaper is particularly well-suited for use in engineering neural network control systems because it provides the ability to account for system dynamics and input time delays.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chizeck, Howard Jay.
Subjects: Engineering, Biomedical
Keywords: Neural network control functional neuromuscular stimulation systems
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18.
Abbas, Mohamad.
A search for Long-Period Variable Stars in the Globular Cluster NGC 6496.
Degree: MS, Physics, 2011, Bowling Green State University
► Studying the late stages of stars is essential to understand the process…
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▼ Studying the late stages of stars is essential to understand the process of stellar evolution. Depending on their masses and properties, some stars become unstable at the end of their evolutionary state and hence they start pulsating. Their brightness and surface temperature change with their pulsations and hence we see them as variable stars. We are looking for long period variable stars (LPVs) in the globular cluster NGC 6496. We observed the cluster from February 2009 till October 2010 using a 0.41m telescope in the V and I bandpasses. We have identified 11 variable stars in the cluster. 6 of them are new discovered LPVs in which 3 of them are semiregular LPVs and the rest 3 are irregular LPVs. We plotted the color magnitude diagram (CMD) of this cluster and all our LPVs were detected on the RGB/AGB. 5 of the 11 variable stars are short period variable stars in which 4 of them are W UMa binary stars and 1 is an Algol binary star. The light curves of all these stars are plotted in this paper and the periods were detected using different period-finding methods.
Advisors/Committee Members: Andrew, Layden.
Subjects: Astronomy; Astrophysics; Physics
Keywords: astronomy; observational; NGC 6553; globular cluster; metal-rich; variable stars; long period variable stars; mira; DAOPHOT; ALLSTAR; ALLFRAME; DAOMASTER; irregular; semi-regular; pulsation
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19.
Abbas, Syed Farhat.
Development of a low cost shock pressure sensor.
Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering (Engineering), 1988, Ohio University
Development of a low cost shock pressure sensor.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gunasekera, Jay.
Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical
Keywords: Shock Pressure Sensor; Determination of Hugoniot Curve; Piezoelectric Polymers
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21.
Abbe, Marisa Kristine.
An Analysis of Cultural Competence, Cultural Difference, and Communication Strategies in Medical Care.
Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2010, Case Western Reserve University
► This research is directed at the repeated findings that minority populations suffer…
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▼ This research is directed at the repeated findings that minority populations suffer disproportionately from the burden of disease in our society, specifically in the development of disease, health outcomes, and access to care. Even as quality improves on specific measures, disparities often persist. A common reason cited for health inequalities is that the U.S. health care system, in its “one-size-fits-all” approach, is inadequate to meet the needs of minority patients. A proposed solution in biomedicine is cultural competence. This dissertation investigates how Anglo-American clinicians and Mexican immigrant patients communicate in a medical setting. Because of the popularity of cultural competence as a panacea to health inequalities, my research focused on the following questions: If the medical encounter provides the space for the intersection of cultural differences, how might patients and clinicians locate such differences, how are they talked about or negotiated between participants, and does there exist a set of strategies that clinicians can adopt to be “culturally competent?” Do cultural differences between patients and clinicians cause barriers to treatment? What other factors create barriers? How do patients communicate their treatment preferences, medical beliefs, and personal information? What is the role of medical interpreters? This research is based on 24 months of ethnographic research at the People’s Clinic, a free clinic in a metropolitan area in Texas. I utilized participant observation and interviews as my primary methods for data collection; I observed 120 medical encounters and interviewed 30 patients after their encounter. This research expands the knowledge of the role of language, culture, and cultural difference in medical encounters. I examined how patients communicated information from their lifeworld, and whether “cultural” narratives provided by patients would cause barriers to treatment, as assumed by cultural competence models. In light of this research, I propose measures to redefine cultural competence.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gaines, Atwood.
Subjects: Cultural anthropology; Health
Keywords: medical anthropology; medical communication; cultural competence; explanatory models; narrative; lifeworld; Mexican immigrants; nurse practitioners
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22.
Abbey, Sonja P.
Tolerance and Materials Design of Nanophotonic Amorphous Membranes for Broadband Chemical Sensing.
Degree: MS, Electrical Engineering (Engineering and Technology), 2012, Ohio University
► Very few if any gaseous chemical sensors are highly sensitive, highly selective,…
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▼ Very few if any gaseous chemical sensors are highly sensitive, highly selective, applicable for sensing multiple chemicals, and allow for broad spectrum detection. There is a need for more sensitive, selective, and reliable chemical sensors in the market today. This thesis focuses on the materials and tolerance design of thin film Low Optical Overlapping Mode (LOOM) waveguides. Ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, and xray diffraction tools are used to measure characteristics important to materials choice and design. RF magnetron sputtering and atomic layer deposition tools are evaluated and compared as options for thin film deposition. Through the use of FemSIMâ„¢ modeling software, tolerance values for membrane and rib thickness, membrane to rib ratio, and refractive index of the wave guiding material are defined. Additionally the broad spectrum capability of the waveguide is defined.
Advisors/Committee Members: Whaley, Ralph D.
Subjects: Electrical Engineering; Optics
Keywords: Tolerance; Materials; Design; Nanophotonic; Amorphous; Membranes; Broadband; Chemical; Sensing; optical; waveguide; multiple; LOOM; spectrum; absorption
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24.
Abbott, Carol A.
A 21st Century Investigation of the Historical, Musical and Acoustical Contexts of a 19th Century Comic Opera, Schermania in America, Composed by Dr. Gabriel Miesse, Jr.
Degree: PhD, Individual Program of Study (Arts and Sciences), 2011, Ohio University
► A four-act comic opera created in 1892 by a local physician-artist-composer was…
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▼ A four-act comic opera created in 1892 by a local physician-artist-composer was discovered intact in 2006 in Lancaster, Ohio. The context of this opera is explored in a number of different areas. Popular culture and musical theatre history as aspects of life in Victorian America will set the stage for a chronology of the history of the city of Lancaster. This city has a rich background as an early frontier town in Ohio and its founding through the time of the composition of the opera spans just less than 90 years. Many examples from period sources are used to illustrate that Lancaster was not isolated and its citizens had access to cultural experiences on a national level. A careful examination of the surviving documents comprising this opera is recounted, and indications of collaboration between the composer and the librettist (his cousin) are described. The music is examined by reviewing some specific examples from the scores and determining their structure and harmonies. General characteristics and style of the orchestration and of the vocal parts are also given. A 19th century concept that open notes of cornets sound better than notes requiring the use of valves is defined through contemporary examples. This idea is further specified by a presentation of acoustic principles governing sound production in brass instruments. The basis for measuring the property of input impedance to be used as a qualitative comparison for open and valved notes is explained. Finally, a simple measurement technique is refined and used to obtain impedance data for a number of 19th century cornets. The characteristics and results of these measurements are presented in a number of different graphical formats and some suggestions for further experiments are made.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kordesch, Martin.
Subjects: Acoustics; History; Music; Physics
Keywords: American Comic Opera; Musical Instrument Acoustics; Input Impedance; Victorian Popular Culture
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25.
Abbott, Katherine Harris.
BLENDING RESOURCES: INFORMAL NETWORKS AND HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION BY FRAIL MALE VETERANS.
Degree: PhD, Sociology, 2005, Case Western Reserve University
► Social networks play an important role in monitoring symptoms and managing chronic…
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▼ Social networks play an important role in monitoring symptoms and managing chronic conditions for frail elders. Elderly veteran populations are unique because they have an increased risk of chronic conditions and fewer barriers to health care treatment through the Veteran’s Affairs Medical Centers. This research focuses on the role of lay consultants in veterans’ management of their health using the concept of social networks. The purposes of this research are to; describe the characteristics of frail veterans’ informal networks, examine if there are differences between White and African-American frail male veterans’ networks, and to explore the relationship between lay health consultant network characteristics and health care utilization. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected at the twelve-month time point of an ongoing longitudinal study. Two-hundred frail male community dwelling veterans over the age of 55 with at least 2 activities of daily living impairments were interviewed by phone. Medical chart reviews were conducted to collect data on chronic disease conditions and utilization. Socio-demographic, physical, and psychological health variables were measured as well as network structure (size and composition), network function, (instrumental aid, emotional support, health appraisal, and health monitoring), and network satisfaction. Outcome measures include days hospitalized, emergency department visits, and the receipt of home health care. Based upon logistic and maximum likelihood regression analysis, veterans with more chronic conditions were more likely to be hospitalized, but those having a larger social network were less likely to be hospitalized. Veterans having family-only social networks were more likely to be hospitalized than those who have a mixed network (family, friends, and neighbors) controlling for veteran demographics, depression, and functional health. Being African American and having a larger instrumental support network were predictive of emergency department use. Being African American, having greater functional limitations, and being in the intervention group were predictive of home care use. No moderating relationships were found. Ways in which network members impact utilization are discussed. The opportunity to identify ‘at risk’ veterans with multiple chronic conditions and few network resources can enable formal care providers to assist with monitoring or appraisal support that may prevent hospitalization.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stoller, Eleanor Palo.
Keywords: Social Network; Frail Veteran; Race Differences; Health Care Utilization
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26.
Abbott, Marianne.
Dangerous intervention: an analysis of humanitarian fatalities in assistance contexts.
Degree: PhD, Sociology, 2006, Ohio State University
► Humanitarian aid agencies are challenged by a tragic aspect of their missions –…
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▼ Humanitarian aid agencies are challenged by a tragic aspect of their missions – fatal attacks on assistance providers. Since the early 1990s, fatal attacks leveled at aid personnel have included a broad range of events and a large number of incidents, spanning from random violence to premeditated murder. To describe these events in the most comprehensive terms possible, I have constructed of a database of news-reported aid worker fatalities from 1991 to 2004 that identifies 1,102 deaths, almost 1,000 of which result from violent attacks. The data source validation component of this research consists of intra- and extra-source validity evaluations. While no available source of information will capture all fatality incidents, results from the intra-source analysis indicate that the coverage of humanitarian deaths provided by the news is consistent among news outlets. Results from the extra-source analysis indicate larger disparities are related to the comprehensiveness of incident coverage. In sum, these evaluations confirm that all data sources are selective, but in predictable ways. The key to this evaluation was the detection of these filters. In the descriptive section, the news dataset presents the following broad trends: (1) Insurgent actors perpetrate violent attacks on humanitarian personnel with the highest frequencies; (2) Violent attacks account for 87 percent of the humanitarian assistance deaths; (3) Fatalities are highest among international governmental organization (IGO) personnel; and (4) Fatality counts are highest in Africa. I additionally refine variables that identify the nature of these attacks, the agents involved, and the intentions behind these attacks. Implications of this research relate both to the use of events data as well as to the critical issue of humanitarian security. Analyses overwhelmingly support the assertion that news data are a valid and rich source of information. Further, results from the intentionality study suggest that news data may provide more than “who did what to whom, when and where” information. At least in the case of humanitarian fatalities, it is possible to extract “why” information from news sources by assessing details that may appear in a news report.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jenkins, J. Craig.
Subjects: Sociology, General
Keywords: humanitarian death; humanitarian fatalities; intentionality; aid worker; aid worker death; aid worker fatalities
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27.
Abbott, Maxwell Bret.
THE STRUCTURAL MECHANISM OF Β-ADRENERGIC MODULATION OF CARDIAC TROPONIN SWITCH CALCIUM SENSITIVITY.
Degree: PhD, Medicine : Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► Cardiac troponin is the molecular switch that activates the cardiac thin filament…
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▼ Cardiac troponin is the molecular switch that activates the cardiac thin filament in response to increased Ca 2+ concentrations. The sensitivity of the troponin switch to Ca 2+ is reduced in response to Β-adrenergic hormonal stimulation of the cardiac myocyte, which activates protein kinase A. Protein kinase A phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I decreases the Ca 2+ binding affinity of cardiac troponin C. The molecular mechanisms of the cardiac troponin switch were investigated by heteronuclear multidimensional NMR and fluorescence techniques. Chemical shift, 15 N relaxation and translational diffusion studies of various cardiac troponin C/cardiac troponin I complexes revealed cardiac troponin C interaction sites for the inhibitory region of cardiac troponin I and exchange between 'open' and 'closed' conformations of the cardiac troponin C regulatory domain. A cardiac troponin I molecule was engineered to contain aspartate residues at the cardiac troponin I protein kinase A phosphorylation sites to mimic the phosphorylated state. Comparison of chemical shift and dynamic data obtained with this mutant demonstrate interactions between the cardiac specific amino-terminus of troponin I and the troponin C regulatory domain. Chemical shift, dynamic and fluorescence analyses correlate chemical shift changes with conformational opening of cardiac troponin C regulatory domain upon binding the cardiac troponin I regulatory region. The unphosphorylated cardiac specific amino-terminus of troponin I stabilizes the 'open' conformation of the cardiac troponin C regulatory domain. Protein kinase A phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I weakens regulatory interactions between cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin C. Together the data presented here further our understanding of the mechanism of the cardiac troponin switch and its modulation by protein kinase A phosphorylation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rosevear, Paul R.
Keywords: CARDIAC TROPONIN; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC; STRUCTURE - FUNCTION; PHOSPHORYLATION
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28.
Abboud, Antoine A.
A high frequency digital data acquisition system.
Degree: MS, Electrical Engineering (Engineering), 1983, Ohio University
A high frequency digital data acquisition system
Advisors/Committee Members: Curtis, Robert.
Keywords: Sample-and-Hold Device; Analog-to-Digital Converter; Random Access Memory
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30.
Abd, Ali Saeed.
Modern Arab Discourse and Democracy: An Epistemological Critique.
Degree: MHum, Humanities, 2011, Wright State University
► Nearly two centuries have elapsed since the early 19th century modern Arab…
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▼ Nearly two centuries have elapsed since the early 19th century modern Arab nahda. In contemporary Arab-Muslim accounts, there can be no downplaying the fact that after nearly two centuries, the Arab nahda has faltered at achieving its desired objectives. If so, what explains its faltering? Numerous well-read explanations on this bulk in Arab and Western literature; however, I argue that the most important factor behind the faltering of Arab nahda to date is the faulty form of Arab rationality dominating nahda discourse since its inception: ahistoricity. The entirety of Arab discourse treats the past as ahistorical and sacral to be repeated while seeking to extract from it already-possessed or realized solutions to the Arab problems of the present. I conclude that any hope of resuming nahda's progress is by no means assured without a nahdazid mind, one that assumes a healthful awareness of the past which is based first and foremost on a historical consciousness of and critical relation to it.
Advisors/Committee Members: Miyasaki, Donovan.
Subjects: Middle Eastern Studies
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