Department: Department of History ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
34 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2]
1.
Alessi, Joseph P.
Wigwams West: A Native American Model of Frontier Development.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2001, Youngstown State University
► Over the past forty years, scholars retold the story of Native Americans…
(more)
▼ Over the past forty years, scholars retold the story of Native Americans and, unlike their predecessors, portrayed them as active participants in their own history. No longer viewed as being the measuring stick of "white" progress or atrocities, historians placed the emphasis on Native Americans, their actions, their culture and their active resistance to acculturation and assimilation through a unique process of accommodation. However while they accomplished much, few historians attempted to explain how Native Americans influenced the development of America and continued to regard the majority of their activities as methods of cultural resistance. In an attempt to answer the question of "how Native Americans influenced the development of America," this study examines the impact that Native American urban settlements had on the Anglo-American westward movement and argues that Native Americans "spearheaded" and supported the Euro-American settlement of the west. The focus of this work is on the Native American urban settlement of Logstown and its relationship to the founding and building of Fort Pitt in the Ohio Valley during the mid-eighteenth century. To show the relationship between Logstown and Fort Pitt, this study proposes a model of frontier development that includes Native Americans and their urban settlements in the development of America. The model expands and synthesizes the works of Kenneth Lewis, Richard C. Wade and Francis Jennings and deals primarily with the Eastern Native American groups who migrated west and settled the Ohio Valley, the Shawnee, Lenni-Lenape (Delaware) and Mingo.
Advisors/Committee Members: Viehe, Fred W.
Subjects: History, United States
Keywords: Logstown; Fort Pitt
More Like This
2.
Caruso, April Marie.
From Glorious Gateways to “White Elephants” to a Mall and Museum: Cleveland and Cincinnati Union Terminals, 1900 to circa. 1990.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2011, Youngstown State University
► The thesis focuses on the development, architecture, and adaptive reuse of the…
(more)
▼ The thesis focuses on the development, architecture, and adaptive reuse of the Cleveland and Cincinnati Union Terminals from a period of about 1900 to 1990. Both cities had plans for union terminals as early as 1903, but neither city had them until the 1930s. By the end of the Second World War, passenger traffic had declined significantly. Soon after, they became “white elephants” in need of adaptive reuse. As early as the 1950s, ideas came about in both cities to reuse the terminals. However, it was not until the 1980s that anything with either terminal was done. In Cleveland, real-estate developers came up with the idea to create a mall, The Avenue at Tower City Center, out of the old union terminal. In Cincinnati, local museums needed new homes, so they created the Museum Center at Cincinnati Union Terminal. The Avenue at Tower City Center in Cleveland, Ohio opened March 29, 1990 and the Museum Center at Cincinnati Union Terminal opened November 10, 1990. The twentieth anniversary of both adaptive reuse projects occurred last year in 2010.
Advisors/Committee Members: DeBlasio, Donna.
Subjects: American History; American Studies; Architecture; Area Planning and Development; Transportation Planning; Urban Planning
Keywords: Cleveland Union Terminal; Cincinnati Union Terminal; Mall; Museum; Adaptive Reuse; History; Architecture
More Like This
3.
Cole, Kathleen Shofner.
“For Here Forlorn and Lost I Tread”: The Gender Differences Between Captivity Narratives of Men and Women 1528 to 1886.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2000, Youngstown State University
► Taking captives was an old and established custom in the Americas long…
(more)
▼ Taking captives was an old and established custom in the Americas long before Columbus arrived in 1492. Nevertheless, the coming of Europeans ushered in a new era in the taking of captives, since the Native Americans could use the colonists as slaves, for ransom, and for adoption, to replace their dead. The prospect of captivity placed an additional burden of fear on an already difficult life for the European colonists. Indians captured both men and women. However, because of the different roles men and women played in their society, the circumstances of their capture and captivity differed, based on their gender. Women, normally confined to the home and care of the children, were usually captured with their children, and fear for them placed an additional burden on the mothers. Men, nearly always kidnapped while hunting, farming, or soldiering, typically only had themselves to worry about. Men and women also dealt with the actual captivity and its aftermath differently. Men, without their families involved, found it easier to escape from the Indians. Women, however rarely escaped unless or until their children were all dead. After their release, men publicly profited from their experiences, while women did not.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pallante, Martha.
Subjects: History, United States
Keywords: captivity
More Like This
4.
Cuppone, Laura.
Silent Presences: Italian-American Women's Experiences in the Mahoning Valley, 1880-1930.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2008, Youngstown State University
► This thesis, relating the vicissitudes and experiences of Italian immigrant women in…
(more)
▼ This thesis, relating the vicissitudes and experiences of Italian immigrant women in the Mahoning Valley, between 1880 and 1930, aims at giving them their rightful place in the history of Italian emigration. The three chapters that compose this project put light on three significant stages of the history of Italian immigrant women in this area: their arrivals, their entrances into the job world and, eventually, their adaptations into a completely new society. Throughout the chapters other important features of Italian immigration to the United States emerge. For example, the analysis of two different typologies of emigration, temporary and permanent migration, provides many other aspects that deeply shaped and affected the entire process of transplantation from Italy to the New World. On the bases of local important sources, such as the articles in the Italian language newspaper, Il Cittadino Italo-Americano, oral histories, letters and the census data, from 1880 to 1930, I have reconstructed the everyday life of Italian women in the microcosm of the Mahoning Valley. Although the thesis has a strong local focus, it continuously offers comparisons between the steeltown Youngstown and the big North American metropolises, such as New York and Chicago. These comparisons highlight not only how the United States affected Italians, especially women, but also how Italian women, belonging to the first as well as to the second generation of immigrants, molded the United States. The voices and the histories of women mentioned in the following chapters demonstrate that Italian women played a key-role in the project of emigration.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pallante, Martha.
Subjects: History; Womens studies
Keywords: Italian immigrants to the United States; Italian immigrant women; Italian immigrants in the Mahoning Valley
More Like This
5.
Hamilton, Curtis F.
The Haymarket Story and Judge Joseph E. Gary.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2000, Youngstown State University
► On May 4, 1886 a group of anarchists organized a meeting at…
(more)
▼ On May 4, 1886 a group of anarchists organized a meeting at Haymarket Square in Chicago, Illinois to protest police shooting of strikers the day before. As Samuel Fielden was concluding his speech, Chicago Police Offiers arrived and ordered the anarchists to end the meeting. As Fielden stepped down from the speakers stand a bomb was hurled into the ranks of officers and a riot ensued in which several police officers and civilians were killed. Although the bombthrower was never identified, eight anarchists were put on trial and found guilty of the murder of Chicago Police Officer Mathias J. Degan. Given their political views it would have been difficult for them to receive a fair trial anywhere in the United States. The media convicted them in print long before the trial began and inflamed the passions and prejudices of the public. Even the American court system was conservative and reflected the views of the press and public. Yet, Judge Joseph E. Gary was especially prejudicial throughout the trial. This study has investigated the objectivity in the trial of the eight anarchists with and emphasis on the role of trial of the eight anarchists with and emphasis on the role of trial Judge Joseph E. Gary. The question, "What rulings did Judge Joseph E. Gary make during the trial that contributed to the guilty verdicts and harsh sentences passed upon the eight anarchists?", has been answered.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pallante, Martha.
Subjects: History, United States
Keywords: Haymarket Square Riot; Judge Joseph E. Gary; anarchists
More Like This
6.
Himes, Henry Edward III.
A Fight for What Was Earned: Solidarity USA, Corporate Bankruptcy and the Fight for the American Dream in the post-World War II Era.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2011, Youngstown State University
► In the wake of Youngstown's massive steel mill shutdowns in the late…
(more)
▼ In the wake of Youngstown's massive steel mill shutdowns in the late 1970s and early 1980s came a restructuring of the steel industry. Former steel producers such as Jones & Laughlin, Republic Steel and Lykes/Youngstown Sheet & Tube were swallowed up by the giant conglomerate LTV. LTV's takeover of faltering steel companies, beginning in the late 1960s, brought to the company enormous legacy costs in the form of “private-welfare” benefits such as health insurance and pensions. When LTV filed for bankruptcy, it was the retirees' health care benefits and pensions that bore the brunt of the corporation's restructuring. Newly dispossessed retirees had to draw upon their past experiences in order to work together to ameliorate their predicament. The focus of A Fight for What Was Earned: Solidarity USA, Corporate Bankruptcy and the Fight for the American Dream in the post-World War II Era is on how a segment of LTV retirees were able to band together and form an organization designed to fight hegemonic, detached and non-empathetic institutions for their pension and benefits, which were taken away from them or diminished after the Ling Temco Vought Corporation's (LTV) July 17, 1986 Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. It is my contention that in the midst of catastrophic bankruptcy LTV retirees formed Solidarity USA, a democratically run organization outside the control of the United Steelworkers of America, in order to use direct action to effectuate pro-retiree decisions by institutional leaders. Ultimately, this gave steel retirees a voice and a platform from which to redeem lost pension and health care benefits during the course of LTV's Chapter 11 restructuring.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leary, Thomas.
Subjects: Economic History; History; Labor Relations
Keywords: Labor; Solidarity USA; Chapter 11 bankruptcy; LTV; United Steelworkers of America; Conglomerate; Bankruptcy; Working class; Retirees; Healthcare; Pensions
More Like This
7.
Huff, Mickey S.
Healing Old Wounds: Public Memory, Commemoration, and Conflicts Over Historical Interpretations of the Kent State Shootings, 1977-1990.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2000, Youngstown State University
► This thesis will illustrate how two different groups interpreted the shootings that…
(more)
▼ This thesis will illustrate how two different groups interpreted the shootings that occurred on the Kent State University campus May 4, 1970, in the subsequent twenty years. The first group, comprised of the university administration, the National Guard, and Ohio State officials, represents the official view of the events which holds that neither the state nor the university or guard was culpable for the May 4 deaths.
Advisors/Committee Members: Viehe, Frederick W.
Subjects: History, General
Keywords: Kent State
More Like This
8.
Ketzler, Nancy A.
American Prisoners of the Luftwaffe: images and realities.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 1998, Youngstown State University
► “American Prisoners of the Luftwaffe: Realities and Images,” provides readers with a…
(more)
▼ “American Prisoners of the Luftwaffe: Realities and Images,” provides readers with a comprehensive picture of the lives of World War II American fliers held in German POW camps. The material included in this work begins with some of the hair-raising experiences that the fliers went through prior to capture and internment in a POW camp. Interrogation procedures are discussed as a means of dispelling the myth that all captured American soldiers revealed only their name, rank and serial number to their captors. This project focuses on the harsh realities of camp life that these men endured. Images from movies such as Stalag 17 and the Great Escape, and episodes of Hogan’s Heroes are used to reveal some of the fallacies and realities that have become part of the American mythology concerning the lives of Prisoners of War.
Advisors/Committee Members: Berger, Martin E.
Keywords: Luftwaffe; World War II; prison camps; German POW Camps; American prisoners
More Like This
9.
Kinser, Jonathan A.
The Racketeer and the Reformer: How James Munsene Used Clarence Darrow to Become the Bootleg King of Warren, Ohio.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2007, Youngstown State University
► James Munsene, a reputed bootlegger in Warren, Ohio, had been tried so…
(more)
▼ James Munsene, a reputed bootlegger in Warren, Ohio, had been tried so many times for allegedly attempting to bribe the Trumbull County Sheriff in 1925, that the case had become known colloquially as his annual bribery trial. The 1928 trial appeared to be merely a repeat of the previous two trials until Munsene revealed that the identity of his new lead defense counsel was none other than world famous defense attorney, Clarence Darrow. Darrow’s decision to defend Munsene elevated the trial from a marginally important local bribery trial, to a nationally covered media event. For Clarence Darrow, the trial was supposed to be a triumphant return to the Ohio county where he was born, raised, and first practiced the law. Darrow had attempted to retire from the practice of law for many years and he hoped to do so with a victory in front of a home crowd. For Munsene, the trial marked the third attempt by Trumbull County Prosecutors to convict him of offering a five hundred dollar bribe to Sheriff J. H. Smith. If Darrow could secure Munsene a victory, the racketeer hoped to expand his operations in Warren. Munsene did not intend to leave the lucrative business of bootleg alcohol. In fact testimony in the first two trials implied that he was looking to establish control over gambling activities in the area as well. The fates of Darrow and Munsene both hinged on the outcome of the trial. Munsene’s need for an acquittal was obvious, as he faced three years in prison. Darrow’s need for a victory was less apparent, but no less important. Darrow had always longed to impress the people where he had grown up, and no matter how much prestige he gained nationally, he still did not feel respected in his hometown. All of that could change if he could just secure one last victory. Though the outcome of the trial was not exactly what either man had had in mind, it had an enormous impact on both crime and politics in Warren, Ohio and the Mahoning Valley for decades.
Advisors/Committee Members: Viehe, Fred.
Keywords: Munsene, James; Darrow, Clarence, 1857-1938; Trials (Bribery) Ohio Warren; Warren (Ohio) History
More Like This
10.
Klingemier, Chris W.
Trumbull County Wooden Works Tall Clock Dials: Analysis and interpretation of construction and layout.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2012, Youngstown State University
► Employing the methods of industrial archaeology, this study utilized as its primary…
(more)
▼ Employing the methods of industrial archaeology, this study utilized as its primary source a newly assembled collection of wooden works tall clock dials produced in Trumbull County, Ohio between 1815 and 1835 to create an artifact derived history of the industry. The construction, design, lettering and markings of a group of local clock dials were analyzed to ascertain patterns that could be interpreted to establish the identities and business relationships among the owners, makers, jobbers and merchants active in the Trumbull County wooden works clock industry. Absent any previous research focused on wood movement clock dials, the writer devised a system to measure, record and categorize evidence of industrial processes employed in early batch and mass production to reveal traits attributable to specific factories or shops. The patterns of occurrence of these traits form the basis for the artifact derived history of the industry that was used to test and expand the existing historic narrative. Subsequently, the usefulness of the methods and conclusions of this limited, regional sample were explored relative to both the greater wooden movement tall clock industry and the companion wood movement shelf clock production.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leary, Thomas.
Subjects: American History
Keywords: American History; Horology; Wooden works Clocks
More Like This
11.
Knapp, Petra C.
The Architecture of Education: Public Schools in Akron, 1890-1920.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2009, Youngstown State University
► In the period between 1890 and 1920, developments in curriculum, educational philosophies,…
(more)
▼ In the period between 1890 and 1920, developments in curriculum, educational philosophies, and culture dramatically affected the size, scope, and interior spaces of public schools in Akron. Through the examination of original blueprints, Board of Education meeting minutes, and a collection of other primary sources, the author traces the history of schools in Akron from the passage of the Akron Law, which established a publicly funded school system, to 1920. The first chapter explores the history of Akron, including its founding and development. It also includes a study of the industries in the area, and their affect on population and culture. Chapter two discusses the period from 1890 to 1908, and ends with an analysis of the Collinwood school fire and its immediate impact on schools in Akron and throughout the nation. In the third chapter, the author examines the changes in curriculum and educational philosophies and their affect on schools built from 1909 to 1920.
Advisors/Committee Members: DeBlasio, Donna.
Subjects: Architecture; Curricula; Education history; Educational theory; History; School administration
Keywords: architecture; schools; education; curriculum; school design
More Like This
12.
Koneval, Joni L.
A "Peculiar Offence": Legal, Popular, and Gendered Perceptions of Rape in the Early American Republic, 1790-1850.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2012, Youngstown State University
► Rape was a constant topic in the Early Republic, whether in legal…
(more)
▼ Rape was a constant topic in the Early Republic, whether in legal cases, factual newspaper articles, or fictional novels. This thesis examines the legal, popular, and gendered perceptions of rape in the Early American Republic (1790-1850) and demonstrates how the period's legal and social systems constantly influenced one another's conception of rape. Moving beyond the conclusions of previous scholars, this thesis argues that conflicting variations of rape existed in the Early Republic and that rape in this historical context cannot be simply defined as the male population's exercise of patriarchal power over the female population. Chapter one analyzes rape from a legal perspective and examines cases of rape and attempted rape and the laws and statutes that governed them. It argues that the prosecution of rape in the Early Republic was extraordinarily arbitrary and greatly influenced by the popular perception of rape and sexual behavior. Chapter two examines from a social and cultural perspective and analyzes popular representations and perceptions of rape and sex in novels and newspapers. It argues that the legal and popular perceptions of rape in the Early Republic were more heavily rooted in fiction than in fact, creating a rape narrative that permeated rape prosecutions. Finally, chapter three addresses the role of gender and power in the legal and popular representations of rape in the Early Republic. It argues that in the process of being further victimized, Early Republic rape victims exercised agency through the legal and social systems' perceptions and expectations of them.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barnes, Diane.
Subjects: American History; Gender; Gender Studies; History; Law; Legal Studies; Womens Studies
Keywords: rape; early republic; united states; cultural perceptions; legal perceptions; gendered perceptions; sexual violence; fictional representations; rape cases; carnal knowledge
More Like This
13.
Kusluch, Joseph Aloysius IV.
Building Socialism: The Idea of Progress and the Construction of Industrial Cities in the Soviet Union, 1927-1938.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2012, Youngstown State University
► This study examines how Soviet and Western institutions, governmental agencies, presses, and…
(more)
▼ This study examines how Soviet and Western institutions, governmental agencies, presses, and publishing companies often created an image that the Soviet Union was progressing towards an industrialized nation through the inauguration of the First Five-Year Plan, 1928-1932. This study also examines how individuals themselves viewed this industrialization. The study revolves around two industrial cities constructed during the First Five-Year Plan and its immediate aftermath in the Soviet Union: Magnitogorsk and Nizhnii Novgorod. Government city planners constructed whole new industrial and housing facilities from the ground up in locations practically barren just a few years earlier. To the Soviet government these cities were symbols of socialism‘s ability to build planned socialist cities, and by extension their ability to build a new society. The history, importance, and portrayal of these two cities are a microcosm of the Soviet industrialization process in general. Through this study, it becomes apparent the constructed image is one of progress, either progress achieved or in some cases progress unachieved. Soviet as well as Western presses and publications often created an image that the Soviet Union, through its industrialization, was building a new modern society. Furthermore, many of those involved in the construction of these cities, both Westerners and Soviet citizens, seemingly agreed with the images being constructed by the press.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bonhomme, Brian.
Subjects: Modern History; Russian History; World History
Keywords: Magnitogorsk; Nizhnii Novgorod; Soviet Industrialization; Five-Year Plan; Soviet Union
More Like This
14.
Murphy, Tracee M.
The New England Emigrant Aid Company: Its Impact on Territorial Kansas, 1854-1857.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 1999, Youngstown State University
► The New England Emigrant Aid Company, formed in 1854 under the direction…
(more)
▼ The New England Emigrant Aid Company, formed in 1854 under the direction of Eli Thayer, was established to send settlers into the Kansas territory. The New England Emigrant Aid Company's goal was to secure Kansas as a free-state. This position was in direct opposition to the proslavery Missourian's desire to make Kansas a slave state. The New England Emigrant Aid Company supplied emigrants and leadership to the free-state movement in Kansas. This caused conflict between the free-state party and the proslavery faction. The company's impact upon Kansas and the border Missourians needed to be examined thoroughly to understand its place in Kansas history. The consequences of its presence in the territory as an antagonistic force to the proslavery Missourians has never been fully examined. It is the focus of this study to determine the effects of the company's presence and its propaganda in Kansas.
Advisors/Committee Members: Blue, Frederick J.
Subjects: History, United States
Keywords: New England Emigrant Aid Company
More Like This
15.
Newman, Esther S.
Sojourners, Spies and Citizens: The Interned Latin American Japanese Civilians during World War II.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2008, Youngstown State University
► More than two thousand Japanese Latin Americans, seized abroad, shipped to the…
(more)
▼ More than two thousand Japanese Latin Americans, seized abroad, shipped to the United States, and interned without charge, moved through a vast prison system that also held nearly 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II. Fear and racism produced internment policies that conflated enemy nation with enemy race, making proof of guilt or innocence irrelevant. However, race-based imprisonment also intensified feelings of Japanese nationalism, strengthened ethnic identity and influenced resistance behavior among the detained. This study examines prisoner memoirs, interviews, government documents, and published reports to support these positions. Little is known about the individual experiences of the Japanese Latin American prisoners. Yoshitaro Amano's memoir, Waga Toraware No Ki (The Journal of My Incarceration), published in Japan in 1943 but never before translated to English, adds to a very limited literature from the Japanese alien detainee perspective that is accessible to western scholars. Amano, captured in Panama at the on December 7, 1941, chronicled his experiences of capture, internment, and repatriation along with opinions about the war and the differences between Americans and the Japanese. Peruvian immigrant Seiichi Higashide's memoir, Adios To Tears, published in 1993 and an interview of Peruvian citizen Art Shibayama contained in a 2003 documentary expose Peru's role in capturing ethnic Japanese and its subsequent denial of repatriation. Together, the experiences of these men, a suspected spy, a sojourner merchant and a second generation citizen of Peru offer eyewitness accounts of this relatively obscure segment of Japanese internees.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pallante, Martha.
Subjects: American history; Latin American history
Keywords: Japanese internment; Latin American internment; civilian detainees; prisoner exchange ship Gripsholm
More Like This
16.
Pavalko, Nathan L.
Behind the Bamboo Curtain: US Ambassadors to China, 1945-1957.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2009, Youngstown State University
► John Leighton Stuart and Karl Lott Rankin were ambassadors to China during…
(more)
▼ John Leighton Stuart and Karl Lott Rankin were ambassadors to China during the years 1945 until 1957. Stuart, who was assigned to mainland China for the entire four years of his ambassadorship (1945-1949), was primarily concerned with forming a coalition government between the Guomindang or Chinese Nationalists Party (GMD) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). His successor, Karl Lott Rankin, was assigned briefly to the mainland, but was moved to the island of Taiwan after the Communist takeover on October 1, 1949. For the duration of his ambassadorship (1949-1957) Rankin was primarily responsible for keeping the peace between the CCP and the GMD. Both men not only reported about events in their respective regions, but also gave their opinions about US strategy in the region. Through the examination of telegrams, letters, and memoirs, the author examines how the opinions of Ambassadors Rankin and Stuart differed from those State Department officials as well as the Presidents of the United States in the time period examined. The author will attempt to conclude whether or not Rankin's and Stuart's opinions were taken into consideration when forming foreign policy in the region. If their opinions were not taken into consideration the author will examine why.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bonhomme, Brian.
Subjects: American history; History
Keywords: China; Cold War; John Leighton Stuart; Karl Lott Rankin; Dwight Eisenhower; Harry Truman; Mao Zedong; Chiang Kai-shek; Taiwan; Formosa; Chinese Civil War
More Like This
17.
Perry, Tricia L.
The Smaller Picture: Warren P. Williamson Jr. and the Age of Broadcasting in Youngstown, Ohio, from Wireless Radio to Television.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2008, Youngstown State University
► In the first half of the Twentieth Century, in Youngstown, Ohio,…
(more)
▼ In the first half of the Twentieth Century, in Youngstown, Ohio, competition between two local media moguls – a radio broadcaster and a newspaper publisher – resulted in the establishment of two major television operations almost simultaneously. This thesis will illustrate how that development mirrored what was happening in broadcasting on the national scene; in fact, the establishment of broadcast stations in Youngstown and other medium- and small-sized cities became the foundation on which a massive industry was built. Only one broadcaster was first in the Mahoning Valley, however, and that was Warren P. Williamson Jr. Born in Youngstown in 1900, he developed a fascination with the wireless telegraph as a youth that eventually led him into the radio and television business. In turning his hobby into a career, he pioneered in an unknown field and earned a place in broadcasting history. Using a vast archive of personal and corporate records preserved by Williamson himself over 75 years, this project illustrates how his accomplishments were influenced by events happening nationally in the new industry, including technological advances, changing government regulations, and audience demand. The thesis explores Williamson’s motivation for expanding into television and his strategy for making that plan work. Finally, the climax of this thesis will be the critical period in the early 1950s when WKBN aired the first local television broadcast. and introduced the community to the smaller picture.
Advisors/Committee Members: DeBlasio, Donna M.
Subjects: Communication; Journalism; Mass media
Keywords: Warren P. Williamson Jr.; broadcasting; wireless; radio; television; Mahoning Valley, Ohio history; WKBN
More Like This
18.
Poirrier, Lauren.
A Comparative Study of the National First Ladies' Library and the Women's Rights National Historical Park.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2010, Youngstown State University
► The National First Ladies’ Library and the Women’s Rights National Historical Park…
(more)
▼ The National First Ladies’ Library and the Women’s Rights National Historical Park are two very important museums that interpret different aspects of women’s history. The National First Ladies’ Library, located in Canton, Ohio, interprets the lives of the United States’ First Ladies and the roles associated with the position. The Women’s Rights National Historical Park, located in Seneca Falls, New York, interprets the first Women’s Rights Convention, which took place in 1848, as well as the Declaration of Sentiments, which Elizabeth Cady Stanton presented at the Convention. Both sites offer histories of women from the upper class; however, they tell two different stories and use different approaches for interpretation. One of the main reasons why both museums use different methods of interpretation is rooted in their creation. One woman, Mary Regula, envisioned the National First Ladies’ Library. Regula isolated her work from the community and as a result, lost touch with what the public wanted out of the site. On the other hand, the Women’s Rights National Historical Park involved the community in its creation. Park historians and staff cooperatively worked together with the community to shape what the park is today. The sites differed drastically in both their creation and intentions, which influenced the interpretive plans used.
Advisors/Committee Members: DeBlasio, Donna.
Subjects: American history; History; Museums; Womens studies
Keywords: public history; museum studies; American women; National Park Service sites
More Like This
19.
Posey, Sean T.
Roots of Urban Decay: Race, Urban Renewal, and Suburbanization in Youngstown, Ohio, 1950-1977.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2012, Youngstown State University
► After a half a century of seemingly inexorable urbanization, the post-war era…
(more)
▼ After a half a century of seemingly inexorable urbanization, the post-war era in America saw a steady decline of cities. For older industrial areas like Youngstown, Ohio, decay in the decades following World War Two proved to be particularly extreme. After reaching a height of 170,000 in 1930, the city's population declined to 139,000 by 1970. In the ensuing decades after the war, the shift of the population to the outlying areas and growing racial conflicts and inner city problems proliferated in a city trying to counter a shrinking population and tax base The purpose of this study is to determine how and why the roots of Youngstown's eventual urban collapse grew. To determine the roots of urban decay in the city, this thesis moves beyond the study and analysis of the closure of the city's steel mills in the late 1970s and early 1980s. By analyzing populations and demographics, retail shifts, racial conflict, African American self-empowerment, and the effects of urban renewal in the period between roughly 1950 and 1977, this thesis seeks to explain the problems that led to the Youngstown area's fragmentation. Chapter one analyzes Youngstown's population stagnation at the beginning of the 1950s, early suburbanization and the growth of retail in outlying areas. Chapter two examines the cities response to decline in urban renewal campaigns and the unintended consequences they had on concentrations of poverty. Chapter three focuses on white flight in the 1960s and the eclipsing of retail in Youngstown by huge shopping centers in the suburbs. Chapter four examines the impact of segregation in the city-especially in regards to education and neighborhood decay. Chapter five deals with the problems of inner city joblessness, concentrated poverty, and the first Youngstown race riot in 1968. Chapter six is about the second riot to hit Youngstown in 1969 and the rise of the Black Power movement in the city. The conclusion closes the thesis by examining the eroding position of the city vis-a-vie the suburbs in the first half of the 1970s, and of the failed attempts at regionalization and metropolitan governance. In conclusion: racial problems, suburbanization, failed urban renewal campaigns, and a decline in employment opportunities in the inner city in the 1960s all contributed to the early decline of Youngstown years before the first steel mill in the are actually closed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Viehe, Fred.
Subjects: African American Studies; American History; Modern History; Urban Planning
Keywords: race; Youngstown; rust belt; inner city
More Like This
20.
Queener, Nathan Lee.
The People of Mount Hope.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2010, Youngstown State University
► Mount Hope Cemetery, on the East Side of Youngstown, is surrounded by…
(more)
▼ Mount Hope Cemetery, on the East Side of Youngstown, is surrounded by neighborhoods that started as rural outposts to a city, then expanded during the city's industrial age. Anchored to demographic statistics, event timelines, and national trends, cemeteries are a solid historic document. Mount Hope Cemetery reflects trends of the United States, in general, and the industrial rise of Youngstown, in particular.At the height of Youngstown's steel-based economy, the communities adjacent to Mount Hope became urban, working class neighborhoods. The ethnicity of the community started as a mixture of German, Italian and Slovakian cultures with a small contingent of African Americans. Subsequently, the population shifted to predominantly African American, with a significant Hispanic contingent. The decline of Mount Hope, as an active and fully maintained cemetery, mirrored the decline of the surrounding neighbors. Chapter One details the physical layout of the cemetery, and follows its history of ownership. Legal records, deeds, wills and topographic evidence are the foundation of Chapter One. Chapter Two is a detailed study of Mount Hope's interred. Information from headstones, grave markers, coupled with grave orientation and location, put each of the interred in proper context during the life of the cemetery. Chapter Three focuses on the neighborhoods adjacent to Mount Hope. Demographic changes in the neighborhoods were reflected by representation in the cemetery itself. Chapter Three documents the cemetery through categorization and grouping like elements within the cemetery. Chapter Four, the final chapter, is a look into the lives and circumstances of individuals interred in Mount Hope selected at random.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pallante, Martha.
Subjects: African Americans; History
Keywords: Cemetery; Sharonline; Social history; African American history; Connecticut Western Reserve; Black history
More Like This
21.
Richter, Kathleen Ann.
The Mill Creek Riding Club Youngstown, Ohio 1927-1935.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2011, Youngstown State University
► In the spring of 1927, at the height of the “roaring” twenties,…
(more)
▼ In the spring of 1927, at the height of the “roaring” twenties, several prominent Youngstown businessmen who regularly rode their horses through Mill Creek Park had a simple idea: let us form a riding club. By August of that year, their one small idea had grown into plans that included formally incorporating the club, buying property near the park, building a stable and clubhouse, hiring a riding master, and staging horse shows. The Mill Creek Riding Club quickly developed into one of the area’s best-known social organizations, attracting members of Youngstown's elite families, and several area industrialists. Membership grew from the initial handful of riders to over 130 members. The club enlisted one of the members, architect Barton Brooke, to design a barn and clubhouse. In their first year of existence, the members hosted a horse show whose exhibitors included rubber magnate Harvey Firestone. The horse shows never attracted less than a thousand spectators on show days, and one year over 2,500 people arrived to watch champion show horses perform. After the stock market crash in 1929, the club did not re-trench but went ahead with plans to build a heated indoor arena, and to form a polo team. The growing economic troubles did not seem to worry club members who continued their normal activities. The Depression finally caught up with the club when the Dollar Savings and Trust Company, whose executive vice-president was a riding club member, foreclosed on the property. The Mill Creek Park Directors eventually bought the land and buildings, at first using the land for an archery range. The imposing stable sat empty for years, but fire destroyed the structure in 1940. The land has been a recreation area since the mid 1950s. The Mill Creek Riding Club, though of only short duration, remains an interesting part of Youngstown's cultural history.
Advisors/Committee Members: DeBlasio, Donna.
Subjects: American History; Animals; Recreation
Keywords: Horses; Sports and Recreation; Youngstown Ohio History; Nineteen Twenties
More Like This
22.
Rohrbaugh, Paul H. Jr.
Friendship Memorialized: Joseph G. Butler and the McKinley National Birthplace Memorial.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2001, Youngstown State University
► The thesis "Friendship Memorialized: Joseph G. Butler and McKinley National Birthplace Memorial"…
(more)
▼ The thesis "Friendship Memorialized: Joseph G. Butler and McKinley National Birthplace Memorial" describes the history of how the first to be completed Congressionally authorized presidential memorial was conceived and dedicated. The crucial role of William McKinley's boyhood friend, steel magnate, and philanthropist, Joseph G. Butler is documented. The campaign to construct and dedicate the second memorial in Ohio to the assassinated leader rivaled McKinley's presidential campaigns in scope and effort. Butler's seven-year campaign tapped the esteem and goodwill many Americans still felt for the fallen favorite son from Niles years after the president's death. The work places the construction of the birthplace memorial in context with other American reform efforts occurring in the United States at that time. Most notable influences exhibited at the monument in Niles were those involving the City Beautiful movement that mobilized people from diverse backgrounds in civic improvement projects, the American Renaissance movement by sculptors and architects who sought to address civic concerns with the monuments, and Andrew Carnegie's extensive library grant program that dramatically changed public education and literacy. Finally, the thesis addresses how the McKinley National Birthplace Memorial affected the commemoration and formation of public memory regarding the twenty-fifth president in the years following its dedication. The author based research for this work upon primary source material from Butler's personal correspondence and papers located at the Mahoning Valley Historical Society, artifacts and documents from the McKinley National Birthplace Memorial, as well as local newspapers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jenkins, William D.
Subjects: History, United States
Keywords: Joseph G. Butler; William McKinley
More Like This
23.
Rothstein, Jeffrey.
The Apotheosis of Discontent: Representations of the Counterculture in 1960's Film and Television.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 1999, Youngstown State University
► Cinema, during the 1960's indirectly reflected the social and political conflagrations of…
(more)
▼ Cinema, during the 1960's indirectly reflected the social and political conflagrations of the era through changes in production and style. These changes shadowed a larger transformation in sensibility that was most visible in the development of a youth subculture that questioned the hegemony of a pre-existing set of cultural preconceptions, creating a canon of its own. While the emergence of counterculture, did not alter American politics, it exerted aan indirect effect over all of the arts, including Cinema, where new ideas about effacing boundaries between audiences and performers, directors and critics and old notions regarding high and low culture came together to form a new cinema.
Advisors/Committee Members: Berger, Martin E.
Subjects: History, Modern
Keywords: cinema
More Like This
24.
Rudnicki, Catharine W. M.
In Her Words: The Historically Edited Diary of Elizabeth Tucker Coalter Bryan, in the Context of the History of Southern Antebellum Women.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2008, Youngstown State University
► This thesis discusses the diary of Elizabeth Tucker Coalter Bryan, an antebellum…
(more)
▼ This thesis discusses the diary of Elizabeth Tucker Coalter Bryan, an antebellum southern plantation lady, written in 1853 and spanning from January to June. In addition to presenting a background of antebellum southern women's history and insights gained through the study of Elizabeth Tucker Coalter Bryan's diary, this thesis also includes a historically edited transcription of the Bryan diary complete with contextual and textual annotations. The first chapter presents a broad historical background of antebellumsouthern women's history as relates to study of the Elizabeth Tucker Coalter Bryan diary. The second chapter examines the process of historical editing, including history, practice, and methods involved in the editorial process. The second half of chapter two provides the editorial method governing the process taken in editing the Elizabeth Tucker Coalter Bryan in detail. The third chapter is the transcription, broken up by diary entry, and later in the chapter, by original page number for easy reference to the annotations in the following chapter. Textual notes appear in this chapter as footnotes. Chapter four provides the contextual notes numbered by entry or original page number, then term. Chapter five concludes with analysis of insights gained through the study of Elizabeth Tucker Coalter Bryan's diary relating to study of antebellum southern women's history and the process of documentary editing.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barnes, Diane.
Subjects: History
Keywords: Women's History; American History; Southern History
More Like This
25.
Ruminski, Jarret.
“A Terrible Fascination:” Civil War Photography and the Advent of Photographic Realism.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2007, Youngstown State University
► This thesis deals with the social, aesthetic, and historical significance of Civil…
(more)
▼ This thesis deals with the social, aesthetic, and historical significance of Civil War era photography, with special emphasis on Alexander Gardner’s photographs from the Battle of Antietam. My thesis argues that Antietam was a watershed moment in photography, for Gardner’s Antietam images represented the medium’s first step towards establishing its own unique photographic aesthetic. This new photographic aesthetic was firmly grounded in a literal realism that did not exist in other forms of representation, such as painting or engraving. This realism dispelled American ideological notions of God-sanctioned, pastoral innocence, and forced Americans to confront the savagery in their own midst. Apart from their aesthetic legacy, the Antietam images also gave birth to the separate medium of war photography, and represented the birth of photojournalism. Chapter one addresses the origins of photography, with particular emphasis on its connection to the nineteenth century aesthetic movement and its close relationship to portrait painting. Chapter two examines in-depth the most important photographs from the Battle of Antietam. By analyzing how the American public reacted to these images, this chapter reveals how Alexander Gardner’s photographs invalidated the aesthetic ideology of nineteenth century America. Chapter three examines some of Alexander Gardner’s most important photographs from the Gettysburg and Virginia campaigns of 1864 and 1865. It emphasizes Gardner’s drift from compositions depicting masses of battlefield casualties in favor of close-range, highly personalized images of individual corpses. The thesis concludes with the legacy of Gardner’s Civil War photographs by exploring their value as pieces of commemorative art that invoke the true memory of the Civil War.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barnes, Diane.
Subjects: History, United States
Keywords: Civil War photography history; Antietam, Battle of, Md., 1862; Gardner, Alexander, 1821-1882
More Like This
26.
Shepherd, M. Alan.
Heck No, They Won't Go!: Opposition by Two State Legislatures to U.S. Policy in Vietnam.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2009, Youngstown State University
► In April 1970 Massachusetts Governor Francis W. Sargent signed a law that…
(more)
▼ In April 1970 Massachusetts Governor Francis W. Sargent signed a law that forbade the federal government from drafting citizens of Massachusetts and sending them to Vietnam. One year later, Minnesota Governor Wendell Anderson signed a similar bill into law. The language of each law sought to have the U.S. Supreme Court determine whether the U.S. war in Vietnam was unconstitutional because undeclared. State authority in relation to foreign and military policy is not mentioned in the U.S. Constitution. Central to this paper is the question of the rights of individual states in relation to the federal government. This paper examines four areas to determine what factors may have influenced legislators in Massachusetts and Minnesota to use state law in their attempt to challenge federal policy.The first area to be examined is presidential use of military power without congressional declaration of war. Also examined are federal court cases, such as Talbot v. Seeman (1801) in which the courts validated the actions of presidents during undeclared war. The Twentieth Century has seen almost continuous involvement by U.S. forces in congressionally authorized yet undeclared conflict. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution, used by Lyndon Johnson to justify the massive commitment of American troops to Vietnam, offered congressional authorization for war without explicit declaration of war. The second area to be examined is the growth and impact of the antiwar movement during the U.S. war in Vietnam. The Vietnam antiwar movement had antecedents in citizen opposition to the draft during the First World War. The structure of the antiwar movement was very complex. There was no overall national organization, nor was there a single command group. After more than two decades of governmental information regarding the need to fight communism all antiwar and anti-draft groups faced the daunting task of re-educating the public. Elected officials, including state legislators, must determine which actions will maximize voter satisfaction. During America's war in Vietnam the opinion of a significant portion of the voting public turned against the war. Elected officials within Massachusetts and Minnesota reacted to the growing unpopularity of the war. The third area to be examined is the effect on elected officials of growing public dissatisfaction with U.S. policy in Vietnam. This paper argues that although public opinion against the war had no direct effect on federal policy, legislators in both states felt compelled to introduce legislation to end the war. The fourth area to be examined is federal court cases regarding the constitutionality of America's war in Vietnam. Throughout the war federal courts heard cases regarding individuals opposing the war. No individuals were successful in having the courts question presidential authority to wage congressionally authorized war. The Supreme Court heard arguments concerning the Massachusetts law. In that case the court ruled that questions concerning congressionally authorized presidential wars were political questions, and beyond the scope of judicial review. As part of the attempt to enforce the Minnesota law the state attorney general filed a case in the federal court in Minneapolis. That court ruled that the question of presidential war making was a political question. The federal appeals court concurred with that ruling. The Solicitor General of Minnesota failed in his effort to have the U.S. Supreme Court hear the case. Neither law was successful in having courts decide the question of the constitutionality of the war.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jenkins, William.
Subjects: American history; American studies
Keywords: Vietnam; antiwar; anti-draft; state legislation; Massachusetts v. Laird
More Like This
27.
Swader, David.
A Common Dish: The Ohio Indian Confederacy aand the Struggle for the Upper Ohio Valley, 1783-1795.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 1999, Youngstown State University
► Following the close of the American Revolution, the Federal Government, reeling from…
(more)
▼ Following the close of the American Revolution, the Federal Government, reeling from the strain of a massive war debt, looked toward the lands of the Old Northwest as a possible source of compensation for its war veterans. In response to the ensuing encroachments on to their native lands, which Great Britain had unjustifiably surrendered under the terms of the peace treaty of 1783, Indian nations of the Great Lakes Region and the Upper Ohio Valley sought to reestablish what had proven to be a tenuous alliance. This alliance will be traced from its roots in the mid 1750s, through its collapse following General Anthony Wayne's crushing victory at the battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794. Particular attention will be paid to the late 1780s and early 1790s, when the struggle for the Ohio Country brought the region's Indian nations a degree of unity which had long alluded them. United by the principles of common land ownership and a united diplomatic voice, the confederation nevertheless remained shrouded in local and regional concerns. It is the manner with which the tribes struggled to overcome these concerns while searching for the unity they so desperately needed in the face of a rapidly expanding enemy that will be explored in depth. Historians have long ignored the Ohio Indians' efforts. Portrayed as mere pawns of British diplomacy, the tribes remain shrouded under a veil of misperception. While more and more scholars are slowly beginning to reexamine the Indians' role, they have done so at the expense of limiting the tribes' motivations to those shared by their European counterparts. An "Indian perspective" of these events will serve to highlight the distinctions between Indian and European agendas, while demonstrating the extent to which the Ohio Indian Confederacy remained subject to its own diverse strains amid a struggle that would define a region.
Advisors/Committee Members: Blue, Frederick J.
Subjects: History, United States
Keywords: Ohio Indian Confederacy
More Like This
28.
Troup, Tammy L.
Building East Akron: the Local Vision of F.A. Seiberling and the City of Akron.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2008, Youngstown State University
► The welfare capitalist endeavors of F.A. Seiberling, president of the Goodyear Tire…
(more)
▼ The welfare capitalist endeavors of F.A. Seiberling, president of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, contributed to a broader trend of structuring the city of Akron for the benefit of the rubber companies. As Goodyear became internationally successful, Seiberling's business ethos adapted from a proprietary form to a corporate form, and his role in Akron reflected the corporate ideology. The inordinate growth of the rubber companies placed a significant demand on the city's infrastructure and housing, and the burden of meeting the demand created an environment of speculation and limited municipal services. The leaders of the rubber industries influenced the local government, society, and eventually the physical environment to meet the needs of industry. The author looked at the multiple situations that led to a municipal environment conducive to industrial dominance. State and local legislative changes, reform efforts of the chamber of commerce, and Seiberling's efforts all served to mold the city of Akron and its citizens for the benefit of the rubber industry.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leary, Thomas.
Subjects: History; Urban planning
Keywords: Seiberling; Akron; Rubber; City planning; Chamber of Commerce
More Like This
29.
Turner, Kerry Lynn.
Pagan Nostalgia and Anti-Clerical Hostility in Medieval Irish Literature.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2001, Youngstown State University
► The work examines the pagan nostalgia and anti-clerical hostility in early Irish…
(more)
▼ The work examines the pagan nostalgia and anti-clerical hostility in early Irish literature, from the inception of the Celtic Christian church to the eve of the Norman invasion in 1171. The sentimental longing and animosity expressed through these tales was not an aversion to the Christian god, but rather a very human yearning for a romanticized past. A variety of factors inspired the urge for escape into pagan literature. For example, lay forces in Irish society used traditional story telling as a vehicle to regain status – and valuable patronage – lost to the church. The church, in turn, adopted and Christianized many of the folk tales and pagan elements for further assimiliation into Celtic society, and in order to combat lay literary influence over the Irish people. Special attention has been paid to the Viking invasions, as the havoc wreaked upon society greatly altered the status of the church, and molded the content and mood of the existent pagan tales. The evolution of the tratitional stories follows a similar pattern. Initially, the tales originated among the folk, based upon local legends, local deities, or fanciful and/or fictional oral histories. The professional storytellers, either of their own accord or commissioned by their patron, added chosen stories to their repetoire. As the church introduced education and literacy, the monk or clerical scribe wrote the tales down. Christianizing and often greatly altering the content. These manuscripts would then be copied and recopied repeatedly. The events of contemporary society exercised influence throughout this process. The thesis thefore examines pagan literary elements in relation to the Irish church and the social and political climate of the island in general.
Advisors/Committee Members: Domonkos, Leslie.
Subjects: History, Medieval
Keywords: Irish literature; History and criticism
More Like This
30.
Vario, Lisa.
“All Power to the People”: The Influence and Legacy of the Black Panther Party, 1966 – 1980.
Degree: MA, Department of History, 2007, Youngstown State University
► The Black Panther Party, an African-American political and self-defense organization formed in…
(more)
▼ The Black Panther Party, an African-American political and self-defense organization formed in 1966, promoted the idea of black power through its Ten Point Program, which advocated ten basic rights for black citizens. Its mixture of Maoist-inspired politics ultimately served to scapegoat the Party for white America’s interpretation of black power. The Party is one of the most misunderstood organizations in American history. Founded in Oakland, California in October 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, the Black Panther Party formed in protest to police brutality. As the Party’s popularity grew, factions of the organization quickly spread across the United States, and even across the Atlantic, where the Party’s ideology and politics had a tremendous influence on black Brits. Although their popularity grew, the Party became known as a militant organization that was against ‘the white man.’ While some members of the Party committed acts of violence, the organization strongly advocated the use of violence only when necessary. The Party, as stated by Newton, was not anti-white, but rather against individuals who sought to condemn ‘the black man.’ The ideology of the Black Panther Party put the welfare of ‘the people’ above all else; the organization simply strived to better the community. The organization fully supported the black power movement, as one of the Party’s original members, Stokely Carmichael, was one of the earliest individuals to write and preach on the subject. Through the Party’s literature, the concept of black power spread rapidly across the nation, and the Atlantic, and made a particularly strong impact on blacks who lived in inner-city ghettos and projects.
Advisors/Committee Members: York, Anne.
Keywords: Black Panther Party; black power; Civil Rights movement; Huey P. Newton
More Like This
[1] [2]
