Department: Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
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1.
ABDULKARIM, DINA ALI.
EXPERTS' EVALUATION OF THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF PUBLIC SPACES IN AMMAN, JORDAN.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► While the literature on public space has predominantly focused on the western…
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▼ While the literature on public space has predominantly focused on the western countries, little research exists in the context of the developing countries. Amman is no exception in this regard. This study focuses on the salient characteristics associated with the production (i.e., planning and design) of the public space in Amman. The study addresses three questions: 1) How do architects, planners, and sociologists perceive the public spaces of Amman?; 2) How do they evaluate the successfulness of the planning, design, and use of these spaces?; and 3) What are political, physical, socio-cultural and economic factors that affect the production and use of these spaces in Amman? The study collected data through two phases. In the first phase, 58 interviews were conducted with: 1) 33 young architects and planners and 2) 25 expert architects and planners. Responses were analyzed using the “conceptually clustered matrix” approach. During the second phase, 19 in-depth interviews were conducted with: 1) 11 architects and planners and 2) 8 sociologists. Responses were analyzed through the “content analysis” technique. Analysis of data from the first phase found that participants considered the spatial and social attributes of public space as its most salient attributes. The spatial attributes accounted for the majority of the interviewees’ remarks and evaluations. Respondents also considered the types of activities, the social status of users, location, and easy access by public transportation as important elements for the intensity of use of public space. Thus, highly used public spaces do not necessarily constitute success, but might reflect few options people have due to poor accessibility and inadequate distribution of such spaces in the city. Analysis of data from the second phase found that the production of pubic spaces in Amman is faced by diverse political, economic, physical, and socio-cultural constraints. The lack of a comprehensive plan, the central authority structure, and the low priority given to public spaces were mentioned among the political constraints whereas adopting policies driven by short-term profit emerged as the major economic constraint. Among the physical and socio-cultural constraints was the substandard quality of public space which was the reason why these spaces were mainly used by low-income people leading to further degrees of social segregation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Arefi, Mahyar.
Keywords: Public space, Public space in Amman, Jordan, experts' evaluation
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2.
ABOT, ILEANA L.
LAND USE PLANNING AS A MEANS TO INFLUENCE URBAN TRAVEL PATTERNS: AN APPLICATION FOR THE CINCINNATI METROPOLITAN AREA.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► Nowadays, the patterns of land development are characterized by dispersion and lack…
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▼ Nowadays, the patterns of land development are characterized by dispersion and lack of coordination with the larger region. There is no clear role played by planning and the current patterns seem to evolve from cumulative flows of the market. During the last 30 years, the rate of development in the Greater Cincinnati Area has been three and a half times the rate of population growth. As a consequence, the need to travel far distances and the dependence on single-occupant vehicles have increased. The manipulation of land uses has become popular as a planning strategy to reduce the rate of growth in travel demand; but there is still uncertainty on which are the most feasible and effective tools that can be applied. The present study will analyze which land use strategies can be applied and implemented in the Cincinnati region and, therefore, influence the current travel behavior.
Advisors/Committee Members: Triantafillou, Menelaos.
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3.
ALLIGOOD, LI SUN.
Creative Shrinkage: In Search of a Strategy to Manage Decline.
Degree: BUP/MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Post-industrial cities in the Rust Belt of the United States have been…
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▼ Post-industrial cities in the Rust Belt of the United States have been losing population to their suburbs and other regions for decades. Even as the population and density of these cities decrease, the infrastructure and physical area and the cost to maintain them remain the same. A new concept known as Creative Shrinkage calls for planning proactively for the possible or likely population shrinkage of a city by adjusting its physical size to its reduced population. This study explores the causes of urban growth and decline in Youngstown, Ohio and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and compares the conventional responses of Pittsburgh with the unconventional Creative Shrinkage responses adopted by Youngstown, and determines that Creative Shrinkage as utilized in Youngstown has several standard components that allow for its use as a strategy for declining cities. The study suggests a new federal program to assist declining cities with shrinkage and calls for a shrinkage-oriented planning model.
Advisors/Committee Members: Triantafillou, Menelaos.
Subjects: Urban planning
Keywords: urban; shrinkage; Creative Shrinkage; Youngstown 2010; Youngstown, OH; Pittsburgh, PA
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4.
AMBROSINO, KYLE MARGARET.
THE OVER-THE-RHINE 2002 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - BUILDING CONSENSUS FOR WASHINGTON PARK.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► This research explores the Consensus Building Model as a community organizing method…
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▼ This research explores the Consensus Building Model as a community organizing method for composing an urban comprehensive plan. It is a widely used conflict-resolution tool in both the public and private sectors. Due to its frequent use in the urban realm, this model is often used in urban planning, as policy makers and planners work within the same groups and within inextricably linked situations. For the past Century, the Over-the-Rhine (OTR) district north of downtown Cincinnati has suffered from issues of blight, crime, and physical deterioration of property. Within the past 15 years, however, the OTR community has received much positive attention in the form of economic development and/or publicity in sub-districts such as Washington Park. With plans underway for physical developments that are located within, or immediately surrounding it, many social service and community organizations involved in the plans are actors, observers, critics, and various combinations thereof. The question remains how effective all are in shaping development in an equitable and cohesive way. This thesis investigates the OTR 2002 Comprehensive Plan and the Consensus Building method its authors claimed to use. It explores projected impacts of the physical developments on the community immediately surrounding Washington Park and those involved in determining them. It identifies the community development individuals that decided the objectives, along with individuals working to implement the plan at present. Ultimately, this research shows if the plan was consensus-based and how the Washington Park community perceives this notion today, covering the changing community dynamics resulting from goals and objectives set forth in 2002.
Advisors/Committee Members: EDELMAN, DAVID J.
Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning
Keywords: comprehensive plan, consensus building, Washington Park, Over the Rhine
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5.
ANSPACH, ERIC J.
CREATING A CENTER FOR SUBURBIA: AN EVALUATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TOWN CENTERS IN SUBURBAN COMMUNITIES.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► A recent trend in the design of major shopping centers is “Town…
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▼ A recent trend in the design of major shopping centers is “Town Centers.” This is a development that is similar to a mall, but built to resemble a traditional downtown of a small city, with the common areas built as outdoor streets rather than enclosed corridors. Meanwhile, there are many suburban communities that lack a place that can be considered a “downtown.” Some of these communities are making attempts to establish such a place in a Town Center shopping development. One such community is Anderson Township, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. This thesis examines the physical design of these new town centers, with particular attention being given to Anderson Towne Center. First, three “historic” town centers, all built over seventy five years ago, are studied to identify characteristics of successful centers. Then the characteristics of three recent town center shopping developments are examined to identify ways that these places may resemble or differ from older town centers. The Anderson Towne Center is then studied, with the findings of the examinations of old and new town centers serving as a basis for recommendations for the future development of the site.
Advisors/Committee Members: Triantafillou, Menelaos.
Keywords: Town Center; Lifestyle Center; New Urbanism; Anderson Towne Center; Suburb; Greyfield
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6.
Arble, Nicholas H.
Neighborhood Conservation Districts within the Framework of Neighborhood Planning: The Case of the Cottage Home Neighborhood of Indianapolis, Indiana.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► This research studied the Cottage Home Conservation District Designation Process in Indianapolis,…
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▼ This research studied the Cottage Home Conservation District Designation Process in Indianapolis, Indiana to determine the role neighborhood planning plays in midwestern neighborhood conservation districts. A narrative of the Cottage Home designation process was created after analyzing various local documents and learning from seven in-depth interviews conducted with key individuals involved in the designation process. Interviews were conducted with individuals from the Cottage Home Neighborhood, the Indianapolis Historic Preservation Commission (IHPC) and the Indiana Historic Landmarks Foundation (IHLF). The narrative was used to answer the three following questions but they aren’t posed as questions: 1) What are the elements of neighborhood planning that were used during the process? 2) Is the Conservation Area Plan developed during the process an example of a neighborhood plan? 3) Could the Cottage Home Designation Process be used as a model for other potential neighborhood conservation districts nationwide? This study determined that a number of neighborhood planning elements were used during the process and these included policy recommendations for the neighborhood’s land use, zoning, public facilities, parks and open space, transportation, residential, commercial, and industrial areas. The use of these elements in the Cottage Home Conservation Area Plan is the main reason this study has determined that the plan is an example of a neighborhood plan. However, it is a neighborhood plan that is geared specifically to advance historic preservation while preserving the neighborhood’s character. The study also determined that, due to various circumstances surrounding the Cottage Home designation process, the IHPC designation process found in Cottage Home was specific to Cottage Home and, thus, could not easily be applied anywhere else.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fritz, Jan.
Subjects: Urban planning
Keywords: Neighborhood Conservation Districts; Neighborhood Planning; Historic Preservation; Community Character
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7.
Avadhanula, Kiran Kumar.
A Market Analysis of Potential for a new Business District at the Intersection of Vine Street and Mitchell Avenue in the City of St Bernard, Ohio.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► This thesis is intended to comprehensively analyze the retail market potential for…
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▼ This thesis is intended to comprehensively analyze the retail market potential for the City of St. Bernard and North Avondale neighborhood in their efforts to improve physical and economic condition of the business district. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of redeveloping an area located at the intersection of Mitchell Avenue and Vine Street corridors. This proposed business district will primarily serve not only St. Bernard and North Avondale neighborhoods, but also capturing daytime visitors in the region. The primary goal of the thesis is to determine the amount of new retail space that can be successfully absorbed in the proposed business district. In order to undertake the same, the following objectives have been established: To establish the primary and immediate market areas of the District. To comprehensively analyze the retail demand and supply factors. To come up with recommendations for the retail space requirements and the retail mix.
Advisors/Committee Members: Romanos, Michael.
Subjects: Urban planning
Keywords: Market Study, St Bernard, Retail, business district
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8.
Backscheider, Brian J.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the City: A Case Study of Cincinnati, Ohio.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► Over the past thirty years many urban areas of the United States…
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▼ Over the past thirty years many urban areas of the United States have seen significant declines caused by disinvestment related to growth outside of the regional core. While many businesses have followed the population shift to the suburbs, many major corporations remain in the center city. These corporations have the assets and influence to have a significant impact on the redevelopment of these declining urban areas. A concurrent trend during the past thirty years has been a recognition of the responsibility of companies to address societal ills. This ideology is commonly referred to as corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR transforms a corporation‘s ability to improve its city into a responsibility to take an active role in that change. To understand the application of CSR in a depressed urban area, the city of Cincinnati was studied. Despite a long and significant population loss in the city, many of the largest companies in the region maintain a strong presence in the city‘s urban core. Nine Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in downtown Cincinnati as well as many of the area‘s largest employers. Fifteen of Cincinnati‘s largest corporations were studied to determine how corporations are fulfilling their community involvement expectations. Furthermore, the study analyzes how these efforts compare with contemporary urban best practices for community involvement. The study concludes by identifying Cincinnati‘s best practices, which serve as models for other companies locally and nationally.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ellison, Charles.
Subjects: Business community; Urban planning
Keywords: corporate social responsibility; corporate community involvement; corporate citizenship; urban; cities
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9.
Bal, Sucheta.
Urban Agriculture / Community Gardening: Starting and Maintaining Successful Programs.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► In recent years, urban agriculture and community gardening have increased in popularity…
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▼ In recent years, urban agriculture and community gardening have increased in popularity almost as much for resulting social and economic benefits, as for the more traditional nutritional and beautification aspects of the activities. However, challenges still exist for those looking to start and maintain an urban agriculture or community gardening program that has the capacity to retain its impact into the future. This study creates a decision-making framework for activists, residents, and community leaders interested in starting programs that will change the community for the better and succeed for years to come. This study examines nine long-running, successful urban agriculture/community gardening (UA/CG) programs from the United States. Selected programs have been in existence for at least five years and have been successful in their capacity to unite low-income or otherwise disadvantaged groups, build social capital within their communities, and also maintain organizational and financial stability. The history behind each program’s formation, the community problems addressed, and the contexts within which they operate were delineated. An operational framework then detailed the everyday activities, partnerships, leadership structure, and operational characteristics of the programs in this study. The communities within which these nine programs operate are outlined in terms of demographic, social, and economic statistics, in order to develop community typologies. The case study and community typology research contributed to the development of a Best Practices Matrix. This matrix provides a tool to interested parties for selecting operational features of future or newly formed UA/CG programs based on a community’s unique characteristics and issues. Programs that face similar community issues, such as brownfields or food deserts, are found to share more common operational features. Programs in communities that have fewer social or economic problems, such as unemployment and poverty, also share common operational features at a higher rate than communities that do face these problems. Additionally, it was discovered that most programs do not own the land used for farming or gardening activities. This is contrary to the idea that ownership or keeping land in trust is the most fail safe method of ensuring that land is used for agricultural purposes in the future and the UA/CG program can continue operations uninterrupted. Formational and broad-based guiding principles for long-term success emerged from the study of the nine cases. Programs generally address a specific community need, involve participants in meaningful ways that foster a sense of ownership, have a dedicated core leadership, partner with local governments, and form alliances with organizations that have related goals.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chifos, Carla.
Subjects: Agricultural education; Agriculture; Area planning and development; Demographics; Landscaping; Public health; Urban planning
Keywords: urban agriculture; community gardening; community development; best practices; programming
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10.
Barbhaya, Surabhi Dhaval.
Understanding the Relationships Between Economic and Demographic Variables Using the REMI-EDFS Model: A Case Study of Hamilton County, Ohio.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► Population projections are used by various planning agencies to formulate policies and…
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▼ Population projections are used by various planning agencies to formulate policies and to do other projections such as transportation, economic, and school enrollment projections. There is a large body of literature available on various methods that are used by the planning agencies to project population. Projections based on the most commonly used trend extrapolation, cohort component and ratio models predict that the population of Hamilton County will decline continuously until year 2030. These projected population figures can have serious social and economic implications on the development of Hamilton County. Hamilton County Regional Planning Commission (HCRPC) has recently acquired an Economic Demographic Forecasting and Simulation Model from Regional Economic Model Inc., (commonly called the REMI-EDFS model). According to the baseline projections by REMI-EDFS model, Hamilton County’s population will decline until the year 2012 and will start increasing after this point. This research is an attempt to explore the internal dynamics of this model, in order to understand the reasons for this population upturn to occur. The equations related to population changes were studied and a flowchart was constructed to depict the affects of demographic and economic variables on total population. The data from baseline projections, done by using REMI-EDFS model, were downloaded and charts were plotted against time (2001-2020). The trends were observed and it was found that economic in-migration will be the main cause for population upturn to occur in 2012 and the reason for economic in-migration will be the relatively high employment opportunity and wage rate of Hamilton County.
Advisors/Committee Members: vom Hofe, Rainer.
Keywords: Demographic Projection; REMI Model; Hamilton County Regional Planning Commission; Economic and Demographic Forcasting Model; Hamilton County; Population; Economic Variables; Demographic Variables
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11.
BARRON, DORMELLA M.
TRANSITIONAL HOUSING: HOW IT AFFECTS HOMELESSNESS.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► Homelessness is a major issue throughout the United States as well as…
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▼ Homelessness is a major issue throughout the United States as well as in many other countries. There are many programs such as transitional housing, which are designed to help the homeless population. A great number of the homeless population, consist of families with children where the female is the head of household. Organizations across the country are taking an active role to alleviate the problem. Transitional Housing is designed to empower homeless people by teaching them the skills needed to live independently. Moreover, transitional housing programs are designed to help homeless people make the move from a shelter or life on the street to a permanent and stable living environment. This research will help determine if transitional housing has had an impact on the homeless population.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sherrill, Samuel, Ph.D.
Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning
Keywords: Transitional Housing; Homeless
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12.
Base, Jessica.
Using International Trade as an Economic Development Tool: A Case Study Analysis and Applied Framework for Cleveland, Ohio.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► In 2008 the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority proposed to use international trade…
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▼ In 2008 the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority proposed to use international trade as an economic development tool in the St. Clair Superior neighborhood through the creation of an International Trade District (ITD). The initial proposal sought to increase the maritime business, but the strategy evolved into an overall economic revitalization plan. Although the neighborhood is currently experiencing economic decline, the strategy seeks to expand the market base, increase investment, increase jobs, and improve the local economy. The objective is to use minimal incentives, focus on the geographically-concentrated ITD, and support international trade. This study aims to develop a framework for the creation and implementation of an ITD by understanding the factors that influence economic development with respect to international trade. A case study analysis of Kansas City, Missouri, and Albuquerque, New Mexico, examines six factors that influence international trade and community economic development: geographically-targeted economic development, incentives, economic development approaches, local international trade networks, firm size, and location. The study employs pattern matching and compares the findings with the literature review. The Richards-Gebaur Memorial Air Base has been transformed into an International Trade Processing Center (ITPC) in the outskirts of Kansas City. The ITPC uses an intermodal facility that combines rail and highway to support logistics and international trade. The ITPC is a geographically-concentrated economic development strategy. The project officially opened in March 2008. A lack of funding has halted the completion of the ITPC. Location incentives are used to target development. The top-down approach to increase international trade on the site was found to be ineffective in the currently weak economy. Kansas City has a well-established international trade network throughout the region and the network continues to develop. The City of Albuquerque established an International Trade Division in 2004 through the Mayor’s Office of Economic Development. The International Trade Division primarily uses knowledge incentives to achieve increased international trade and region-wide economic development. The program increased export initiatives and international business contacts. The bottom-up approach to local international trade development has been effective in the Albuquerque region. The Albuquerque international trade network is small in comparison to the Kansas City network; however, Albuquerque has a smaller population and is a relatively newer city. International firms in both Kansas City and Albuquerque are overwhelmingly located in the urban areas. The urban areas offer a locational advantage and direct access to the international trade network, which facilitates international trade. The Cleveland ITD is located in urban Cleveland, which is similarly beneficial. From the case study analysis, geographically-concentrated economic development was not found to be an effective economic development tool. Recommendations to increase international trade for Cleveland include focusing on small- to medium-sized businesses; utilize local resources, emphasizing knowledge-based incentives, and using a bottom-up approach to economic development. In this way, international trade can be used as a complementary element in a comprehensive economic development strategy.
Advisors/Committee Members: Looye, Johanna.
Subjects: Urban planning
Keywords: Economic Development--United States--Case Studies; International Trade; Planning
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13.
Basu, Soumi.
Rethinking the Process and Role of Redesigning Public Spaces.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Public spaces have always been an important component of urban design and…
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▼ Public spaces have always been an important component of urban design and city making. With the changing dynamics of cities, the public realm has been substantially affected and has changed the way such spaces are perceived and used. Substantial literature is available on public spaces and their design, the star designer associated with the space, and the description of the design virtues. In addition, there is a growing body of literature focusing on the production of space, the concept of place, and cultural/sociological issues on the use of the space. However, there is a substantial lack of knowledge on the redevelopment and redesign processes, or how redesigning can potentially destroy the character and meaning of a public space and how a designer should ideally approaches the process. The focus of this research is to identify all the factors that play an important role in the proper redesign and redevelopment of a public space project, more specifically urban parks. Understanding the important dominant factors guiding such projects will contribute to a more effective planning and urban design for public spaces. The main case study is Washington Square Park, which is undergoing an expensive redevelopment amid controversy and opposition from the public. On the basis of personal observations supported by literature review, this thesis identifies the important attributes and issues surrounding the redesign of this important public space in New York City. Furthermore, recommendations based on the study findings are advanced, directed towards the designer of the public space proposed to be redesigned. These recommendations can be used as guidelines to facilitate the redesigning process. The main intention of this research is to raise sensitivity among the key players, especially the designers, toward the whole process so as enable them to tackle the complex issues associated with the redesigning of public spaces in a well-informed manner.
Advisors/Committee Members: Triantafillou, Menelaos.
Subjects: Urban planning
Keywords: Public space; redesigning public space
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14.
BAUM, CHARLES MUNZ.
RURAL PRESERVATION PLANNING: INDIAN HILL, OHIO; CARMEL, CALIFORNIA; REDLANDS, FLORIDA.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► The role of planners in land use and zoning is quite natural.…
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▼ The role of planners in land use and zoning is quite natural. The lack of planning is characterized by sprawl or other unattractive land use mixture where an area is perhaps not as pleasant as it could have been. Therefore whenever planning practice not only successfully prevents urban sprawl but indeed helps in the creation and preservation of a unique place, it certainly would seem worth examining. Since urban planners are predisposed to look at the planning and implementation of community development in urban or built-up city places, the field’s role in the proactive preservation of non-urban areas within the framework of a larger planned region seems pivotal and fascinating because it best illustrates and isolates land use planning itself, apart from the physical built form, which is the realm of architects. Regional planning should not be exclusively defined as concrete structural planning, with rural preservation being the forgotten stepchild, relegated to undevelopable waste lands. If such is the case, the regional planner has not done an excellent job. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the importance of and the need for the preservation of rural places within larger urban regions. This research project attempts to more closely examine the role of the planner in rural or natural preservation and the inherent benefits to society of such preservation. Specifically, I will look at three diverse communities at separate corners of the United States which are linked only by the commonality of uniquely preserving some rural quality which stands in contrast to neighboring and otherwise comparable communities.
Advisors/Committee Members: Manley, Robert.
Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning
Keywords: Genus Loci; Preservation Planning; Indian Hill; Carmel, California; Redlands, Florida; rural; land use; zoning; municipal plan review
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15.
Belhadj, Joshua S.
Anticipating Urban Evacuations: A Planning Support System for Impact Reduction.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Today’s world requires urban planners and researchers to explore terrorism possibilities as…
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▼ Today’s world requires urban planners and researchers to explore terrorism possibilities as a new paradigm of disaster planning. Natural disaster planning can serve as a starting point for developing theories and models for understanding planning for man-made disasters, however, new practices are needed to encompass new unique characteristics. A review of existing literature suggests that community level planning is not as savvy in anticipating man-made disasters and their resulting evacuations as it could be. There is a gap in the literature, where on the one hand, planning for terror is discussed at the federal level, and on the other hand discussed at a site-specific level. There is little research at the urban community level. This thesis attempts to fill the gap that exists at the community level. For a planning department that is charged with identifying likely community terror targets, shelters, and evacuation routes, there is little research. After having identified these components, the question remains unanswered: “What are the traditional planning tools to use in also mitigating man-made disaster risks?” A planning support system framework is proposed that suggests data requirements, vulnerability criteria, input specifications, important indicating quantifications, and analysis methods of output, using ArcGIS software with CommunityViz and Network Analyst. The main finding is that planners can use this framework to anticipate likely terrorism targets, and detect shortcomings in the city’s building assets by analyzing indicators such as evacuee miles traveled, percent of evacuees traveling an unacceptable evacuation distance, and vulnerability of suspected targets. These indicating values can act as an additional consideration of the planning process, particularly of land use decisions. This framework can also provide important response information, such as evacuation routes and shelter assignment for each suspected target.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wang, Xinhao.
Subjects: Area planning and development; Engineering; Geography; Information Systems; Transportation; Urban planning
Keywords: Man-made disaster; Planning Support System; GIS Model; Terrorism; Urban Planning; Vulnerability Assessment, Evacuation
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16.
BENNETT, GORDON.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT WITHIN URBANIZING HEADWATERSHEDS: THE CASE OF SHAYLER CROSSING.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► Development-related increases in stormwater runoff have been linked to nonpoint source pollution…
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▼ Development-related increases in stormwater runoff have been linked to nonpoint source pollution in receiving waters, higher susceptibility of eroded land to flooding and degradation of in-stream wildlife habitat. Strong connections with surrounding landscape processes make headwater streams particularly susceptible to these problems. Urban stormwater management has traditionally focused on the use of detention basins and other structural Best Management Practices (BMPs) to temporarily store runoff and thereby reduce postdevelopment peak flows. Unfortunately, detention-based BMPs do not address the increased volume of runoff that is discharged from a site once it has been developed. Left uncontrolled, the excess runoff may produce significant erosion and flooding in downstream reaches. Infiltration-based BMPs such as preserving stream buffers and directing rooftop runoff to vegetated areas may provide a viable means for reducing stormwater runoff. For this study, the effectiveness of detention-based BMPs and infiltration-based BMPs was compared with respect to reducing peak flow exceedances and the total volume of runoff at Shayler Crossing, a 244-acre headwatershed in southwest Ohio. Ten years of continuous precipitation data were used to simulate rainfall-runoff at Shayler Crossing with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Based on simulated postdevelopment peak flow exceedances, it appears as though peak flow control provided by upstream detention-based BMPs is not reflected at the headwatershed scale. Model output also suggests that preserving a 200’ wide stream buffer area would lower postdevelopment peak flow exceedances from current levels. The stream buffer area, however, would reduce the existing volume of runoff significantly more (50% versus 10% reduction) than the disconnected rooftops. Moreover, it estimated that the stream buffer area could be implemented for $156,618 less than the existing BMPs. This implies that stream buffer preservation is a better and more cost-effective option for stormwater management at Shayler Crossing.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wang, Xinhao.
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental
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17.
Birck, Nicholas Darragh.
Reclaiming Existing, Underutilized Infrastructure: Aquatic Options For Transit-Oriented Infill Development.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► In cities across America, there are various existing assets that were produced…
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▼ In cities across America, there are various existing assets that were produced to complement the overall system making up total infrastructure. Often, however, rather than utilizing existing forms of transportation infrastructure (e.g. unused rail lines, navigable water), new highways and roads are built to serve areas that can already access existing non-road assets. Better use could be made of existing, viable infrastructure for a lower cost than new highway construction, while leaving far greater areas of land open for development. This would result in significant economic, social, and ecological spillover benefits. The use of such infrastructure for mass transit would provide declining communities with decreased travel times to other places, such as central business districts, since they would provide dedicated rights-of-way. Often, waterside communities are filled with properties that are not economically feasible to develop due to high costs in elevating them above floodplains. A relatively small investment in aquatic-based transit, such as vessels and dock improvements but little property acquisition or right-of-way construction and maintenance, would immediately make these properties worth reclaiming, promoting the infill redevelopment of existing communities rather than furthering detrimental urban sprawl.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ellison, Charles.
Subjects: Urban planning
Keywords: aquatic; ferry; transit; oriented; infill; development
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18.
BITZENHOFER, ROBERT J.
TAKING OHIO: A PLANNER'S ASSESSMENT OF EMINENT DOMAIN IN LAW AND PRACTICE.
Degree: BUP/MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► Eminent domain is one of the most contentious urban planning issues. After…
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▼ Eminent domain is one of the most contentious urban planning issues. After the Kelo v. New London decision by the United States Supreme Court in June of 2005, there has been a backlash in response to the decision. The court ruled that economic development was a justification for eminent domain. Ohio has become one of the major battlegrounds since Kelo. It is the first state to have its high court rule against eminent domain for economic development. This thesis examines the functionality of eminent domain in Ohio. Using historical cases, contemporary literature, the laws of Ohio and five case studies, this thesis finds that, above all, eminent domain is a complicated issue that deserves heightened attention from all parties involved with it. Looking at the successes and failures of past eminent domain cases, it is also evident that planners must play a substantial role in discussions on whether governments should appropriate property. The power of eminent domain is not going to disappear from our laws. So, in evaluating the several sides of the debate, this thesis recommends five ways to make the power more palatable to its detractors but no less effective. The recommendations range from putting the onus on developers to produce the results they promise, to expanding the definition of just compensation, to asking if the benefits of the taking logically equal or surpass the costs. There is no silver bullet solution to the eminent domain problem. There is just the expectation that the government will act in the best interests of its citizens and the courts will serve as a check to make sure governments are performing their duties correctly. Meanwhile, civil debate and diplomacy should rule the conversations on future eminent domain policy, and planners should be expected to be at the heart of those conversations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ellison, Dr. Charles.
Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning
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19.
Bollmer, Kathleen A.
The Influence of Balanced Growth in the Ohio Lake Erie Watershed.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► The health of a natural body of water is inextricably linked to…
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▼ The health of a natural body of water is inextricably linked to the condition of its watershed. Land cover and land use activities within a watershed are the sources of nonpoint source pollution, the greatest water quality problem facing U.S. waters today, and are influenced by such wide-ranging entities as governmental agencies, industries, conservation groups, farmers, and private property owners. Because traditional regulatory measures have been inadequate in curbing nonpoint source pollution, collaborative watershed management has emerged as a means to improving and protecting water bodies. This study examines one collaborative watershed management program, the Lake Erie Balanced Growth Program, in terms of its effectiveness at developing multi-jurisdictional watershed plans that will likely be implemented in a widespread and consistent manner throughout the watershed. The study identifies the roadblocks encountered by the Balanced Growth Program pilot projects, such as mistrust among participants, the influence of politics, and governmental fragmentation, and offers recommendations as to how the program may be improved to overcome these roadblocks in the future. The study found the most significant problem emerging from collaborative watershed management is that of indifference towards healthy watershed behavior and cooperation in a collaborative effort. Future watershed management efforts should allocate more resources towards education and motivation of local governments particularly to encourage them to participate in collaborative watershed management and follow through on the implementation of the resulting watershed plan.
Advisors/Committee Members: Triantafillou, Menelaos.
Subjects: Urban planning
Keywords: watershed planning; balanced growth; nonpoint source pollution; collaborative watershed planning; watershed management; Lake Erie
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20.
BONANNO, ANTHONY T.
COMBATING THE NEGATIVE IMAGE OF THE CITY USING MARKETING: THE CASE FOR GARY, INDIANA.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► Cities, like brands, have images associated with them. Many cities suffer from…
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▼ Cities, like brands, have images associated with them. Many cities suffer from negative images, and a myriad of issues can contribute to their poor image. These distressed cities often exhibit the attributes of economic disinvestment, high crime rates, population loss, and crumbling infrastructure. Gary, Indiana, has become of these cities, as it suffers one of the worst images for cities in the United States. This study attempts to determine the importance of marketing in helping to shape a city's image. Is it possible for distressed cities like Gary to use marketing to help improve their image? A comparative city analysis of four cities (Camden, New Jersey, Chester, Pennsylvania, East Saint Louis, Illinois, and Compton, California) examines what these similarly distressed are doing to market themselves. The thesis reviews marketing materials used by public, private and non-profit organizations including websites, brochures or pamphlets, and comprehensive or strategic plans. Newspaper coverage is also analyzed using a simplified content analysis to determine how these cities are portrayed in their local media. Although the quality of marketing materials varies between the cities, there is little evidence that for this type of city, marketing makes a great difference. Small steps toward improvement may be all that can be reasonably expected.
Advisors/Committee Members: Varady, David.
Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning
Keywords: City; Marketing; Gary; Image
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21.
BOSE, SURACHITA.
SMART GROWTH IN THE STATE OF OHIO: CONFLICTS AND CONSTRAINTS - AN ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE EVOLUTION OF SMART GROWTH IN THE CLEVELAND AND CINCINNATI METROPOLITAN REGIONS.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► Urban sprawl’ is a term used to define the patterns of uncontrolled…
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▼ Urban sprawl’ is a term used to define the patterns of uncontrolled and haphazard development that characterizes the American landscape as of today. Economically, socially and environmentally, sprawl is creating some of the costliest problems that the United States now faces. The ‘Smart Growth’ movement has emerged out of the realization that we need to rethink the way we grow. This thesis is an outcome of the need for documented evidence of the current status of smart growth in the state of Ohio. The research attempts to establish the conflicts and constraints in the context of smart growth in Ohio as well as in its two key sub-regions – Cleveland metropolitan area in Northeast and Cincinnati metropolitan area in Southwest Ohio. The methodology uses a case study analysis approach to document and analyze the macro and micro level dynamics of the two regions and the state of Ohio as a whole. The critical components of the study were the establishment of a smart growth prescription with nine overarching principles and their sub elements followed by a chronological evolution of smart growth in the state and in its two sub-regions and finally a matrix composition and analysis framework that was used to establish the relative status of smart growth in the two respective central cities, suburbs and metropolitan regions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chifos, Carla.
Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning
Keywords: Smart Growth; Matrix analysis; Urban sprawl; Smart growth in Ohio; Cincinnati metropolitan region; Clevealnd metropolitan region; smart growth prescription
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22.
Brown, David M.
Spatial Analysis of the Low Income Housing Tax Credit Developments in Cuyahoga County.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► Housing scholars frequently assert that the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC)…
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▼ Housing scholars frequently assert that the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) developments are becoming “mainstream” and moving increasingly into the suburbs (McClure 2006). This is viewed as a positive incursion into fighting poverty concentration and the well documented deprivation economic isolation has on households and neighborhoods. This thesis tests whether the largest federal subsidy program for low-income renters is becoming “mainstream” and moving into the suburbs of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Furthermore, this thesis examines to what extent LIHTC development census tracts contain a disproportionate share of African Americans when compared to renters countywide and to what extent the LIHTC program provides substantive choice and opportunity for low-income households to escape the negative effects of concentrated poverty by moving to low-poverty census tracts. Specifically, as a federal program held to the standards of the Fair Housing Act, is the LIHTC program distributed in a way that fosters substantive housing choice for lower income households or does it reinforce existing patterns of economic and racial/ethnic isolation? This study found that Cuyahoga County’s LIHTC program is not moving into the suburbs in a substantive manner. Furthermore, the LIHTC program may not be acting to further fair housing and is perpetuating existing patterns of segregation and economic isolation. LIHTC neighborhoods, regardless of geography, have become less racially diverse since 1990 and exhibit significant socioeconomic disparities when compared to renters countywide. While this study does not provide a complete picture of the dynamics of the program and its benefits and consequences, it does provide significant insight into what types of neighborhoods LIHTC developments are being located in and their relationship to the urban environment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Edelman, David.
Subjects: Demographics; Geography; Urban planning
Keywords: Spatial Analysis; Low Income Housing Tax Credit; Fair Housing; Poverty Concentration; Economic Isolation
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23.
BROZEK, MICHELE A.
LOCAL VERSUS NATIONAL HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGNATION: THE EFFECT OF PRESERVATION POLICY ON TWO HISTORIC DISTRICTS IN COVINGTON, KENTUCKY.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► The purpose of this thesis project is to explore the meaning and…
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▼ The purpose of this thesis project is to explore the meaning and consequences of two historic preservation policies in Covington, Kentucky. Covington, similar to thousands of other cities and towns in America, contains both national and local historic districts. While both types of districts grant certain advantages, their main difference lies in the power of local government to exhibit design control by use of zoning ordinances in local districts. While several studies have shown that local design control produces higher property values; resident dissatisfaction, and even contempt, is common. Past studies have not weighed this type of feedback into evaluating preservation programs, nor have they looked at other diverse methods of measurement. This thesis project works to analyze the economic, social, and physical aspects of both policies, and comes to the conclusion that perhaps national historic districts alone are adequate in creating positive change in a community.
Advisors/Committee Members: Arefi, Mahyar.
Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning
Keywords: historic district, National Register of Historic Places, local historic district, community development
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24.
Brumlik, Lann Kathleen.
Sprawl Minimization and Tennessee's State Growth Management Policy: An Assessment of Local Implementation and Impacts in Tullahoma, Tennessee.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► In 1998, the state of Tennessee passed the Growth Policy Act seeking…
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▼ In 1998, the state of Tennessee passed the Growth Policy Act seeking to minimize urban sprawl. The legislation required municipalities to delineate urban growth boundaries as part of mandated countywide growth policy plans, yet provides a wide degree of discretion to local governments. This research provides an assessment of the state's growth management policy and its local implementation in the small city of Tullahoma, Tennessee. Through analysis of the state's regulatory, institutional, and consistency provisions, weaknesses in the Growth Policy Act are identified that compromise its ability to effectively manage growth. An audit of Tullahoma's planning documents and an analysis of local development patterns reveal practices incongruous with the state's intent to minimize urban sprawl. The research identifies concerns that must be addressed to strengthen state and local growth management in Tennessee, and details a process by which municipalities can evaluate local planning practices for alignment with growth management principles.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stanilov, Kiril.
Subjects: Urban planning
Keywords: urban planning; growth management; smart growth; Tennessee
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25.
BUKVIC, ANAMARIA.
PLANNING URBAN PLAYGROUNDS FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVE: SITE SELECTION AND DESIGN IN THE GREATER CINCINNATI AREA.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► This study investigates the problem of children’s exposure to environmental hazards in…
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▼ This study investigates the problem of children’s exposure to environmental hazards in open spaces designated for play and recreation from the planning perspective. It brings a new level of awareness about children’s environmental health issues into the planning profession and emphasizes the role of planners in addressing this problem through provision of safer and healthier outdoor environments. For the field investigation, 40 randomly selected playgrounds in the Cincinnati metropolitan area were surveyed for the presence of four major environmental exposures: ultraviolet radiation, air pollution from mobile and stationary sources, pollution from hazardous waste sites, and noise pollution. The analysis of surveyed playgrounds in the Cincinnati metro area reveals that the majority of playgrounds has insufficient shade options and is situated in locations surrounded with densely traveled transportation routes and at least one pollution source within a one-mile radius.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chifos, Dr. Carla.
Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning
Keywords: playgrounds; open space planning
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26.
Burgess, Amy G.
Promoting Domestic Water Conservation through the Utilization of a Scenario-Based Planning Support System.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► Water is one of the most important life-supporting resources on the planet.…
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▼ Water is one of the most important life-supporting resources on the planet. Many Americans use more water than is necessary to live healthily. This contributes to water resource depletion, ecosystem degradation, and difficulty in supplying quality water to present and future generations. Involving the public more readily in community planning related to water consumption may avoid some problems associated with identifying these water issues only after major impacts have been caused (Fletcher and Deletic 2008). The increasing awareness of climate change requires immediate attention of water resource planners and the general public. It is pertinent to adopt water conservation strategies, especially in areas facing water availability challenges. This study aims to increase the awareness of water conservation among consumers by promoting the idea “think globally, act locally, start with me!” A water consumption model is built into a scenario-based planning support system (SB-PSS) to enable planners to relay water conservation plans to the public. The input of the model includes various water conservation strategies reflecting indoor and outdoor water consumption rates for different land uses under different climate conditions (temperature and precipitation). In addition to the Baseline scenario, six water conservation scenarios were developed to demonstrate the effect of various strategies being implemented individually or collectively. They are 50% turf-to-xeriscape conversion; 100% Turf-to-Xeriscape Conversion; Pool Cover Utilization; Indoor Conservation; and an All Conservation scenario that uses inputs from the 100% Turf-To-Xeriscape Conversion, Pool Cover Utilization, and Indoor Conservation Scenarios. A scenario was developed to reflect climate change with indoor conservation. The model is implemented with a commercial planning support system software package – CommunityViz. A user can adjust the water consumption rates, temperature, precipitation, and future land use configuration in a study area to analyze consumption using various conservation techniques. Results display the differences between scenarios using maps, graphs, and tables. It is important to show comparison between scenarios and also within scenarios (Deal and Pallathucheril 2007). The model computed parcel-based daily water consumptions, which were summarized spatially by neighborhood, block group, or land use type. The choice of scenarios is based on the review of Las Vegas, a city with water scarcity. Existing literature shows that residents are the largest consumers of water in Las Vegas (Southern Nevada Water Authority 2009). With the help of scenarios-based planning approaches planners can involve the public in the collaborative environmental planning and decision-making process in order to help communities make better-informed decisions (Randolph 2004). A set of educational strategies are created to display how the scenario-based planning support system can be used to educate the public of the different types of water conservation and how their actions can help reduce water consumption. This study will give planners and engineers an easy-to-use tool for including water conservation into their master plans. This application can be adapted to any region in order to make water conservation decisions. It gives visual representations of conservation scenarios that can be used to educate the public and make lasting changes to the way water is used.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wang, Xinhao.
Subjects: Urban planning
Keywords: Water Conservation; Scenario-Based Planning Support System; Public Education; CommunityViz
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27.
Charlton-Perkins, Katherine Marie.
An Analysis of the Evolution of Urban Morphology and Residential Building Typology In Relation to the Invention and Mass Production of the Automobile: Effects on a Suburban Community Over Time.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Throughout history since the early 1900s it is apparent that residential building…
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▼ Throughout history since the early 1900s it is apparent that residential building typologies and street network patterns have been greatly influenced by the presence of the automobile. As time progresses, planner, developers, and architects are finding it considerably more difficult to ensure developments that are pedestrian friendly, attractive and uncompromising to the automobile. It is one of the most pressing problems that planners, those particularly involved in site planning today face. There have been alternative development recommendations such as the planting of trees to "hide the car parking areas", segregation of parking spaces, and the planting of trees over medians to encourage the coexistence of the automobile and green space (Dr. Mahyar Arefi, pers.Comm.). The background in this study comes at a monumental time in planning. The pace of development in the United States of America is considerably rampant. In some areas, studies have shown that there is more development than an equivalent population (Dr. Mahyar Arefi, pers.Comm.). The automobile has shaped American landscapes in such a way that no other presence has in the history of planning. Now current trends in development are catering to the presence of the automobile. Values have changed because of the automobile and they will continue to change as pressures for more sustainable planning and development occur. As Americans will begin to embrace walk ability, connectivity, and other idiosyncrasies such as safer streets and enclosed safe play areas for children, planning will begin to focus development on a pleasurable coexistence between the automobile and surrounding landscapes. It is unlikely that the dependency on the automobile will change in the near future to such a great extent, however, there will be sensitive treatments to planning as we have now become aware of the serendipity of having the ability to walk safely to several nodes of necessity within the built environment. Planners will begin to achieve a compromise in planning, development and architecture around the automobile and its ultimate demand for impervious surface in our built environment and continuously altering landscapes. The proposed master's thesis research project will establish whether there is a significant impact on residential housing typology and street network patterns throughout time with a concise relationship to the invention and mass production of the automobile. This thesis will particularly address the Southeast portion of Hamilton County consisting of Anderson Township, Mt. Washington, and Newtown. This research will demonstrate the changing fabric of development and morphology over time. In addition to this; yet another appropriate example of the use and application of Arc GIS 9.2 and its uses and implications for advancing the field of planning will be demonstrated. Considering the broad scope of this research, it should be of interest to planners, architects, architectural historians, historians, geographers, preservationists, developers, and citizens.
Advisors/Committee Members: Triantafillou, Menelaos.
Subjects: Area planning and development
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28.
COHEN, MATTHEW C.
ANALYZING THE INTERRELATEDNESS WITHIN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY PLAN: A STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► Sustainable development is significant in a world characterized by escalating pollution, diminishing…
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▼ Sustainable development is significant in a world characterized by escalating pollution, diminishing resources, and declining environmental health. Beginning as an international discourse, sustainable development has become a policy concern of local governments. The practice of sustainable development at the local level emphasizes urban sustainability, an important issue in a rapidly urbanizing world. As sustainable urban development gains momentum around the world, there arises a need to analyze, quantify, and qualify the results of such a program. While indicator sets can clearly illustrate the inputs and outcomes of a plan, they are often unable to measure the holistic nature of sustainable development. A systemic and holistic process, a successful sustainable development program must be planned from a holistic perspective and lead to holistic results. This thesis establishes identifies the interrelations of the individual components that contribute to urban environmental sustainability through an analysis of a case study of Chicago, Illinois.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chifos, Dr. Carla.
Keywords: Environmental; Sustainability; Interrelated; Holistic; Urban; Chicago; Illinois
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29.
CONLEY, THERESA L.
Banking on Vacant Land: An Assessment of the Cincinnati Land Reutilization Program.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► The City of Cincinnati is one of many older industrial cities seeking…
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▼ The City of Cincinnati is one of many older industrial cities seeking to reclaim vacant and abandoned properties left behind by deindustrialization, residential migration to the suburbs, and the recent foreclosure crisis. The properties left behind can spur a cycle of blight, crime, and decreased property values - all of which strain city resources and create unsafe, unwelcoming neighborhoods. Numerous programs have been developed to address these issues, one of which is the urban land bank. This thesis takes a critical look at Cincinnati's land bank, the Cincinnati Land Reutilization Program, and considers how effectively it is working to bring these vacant and abandoned properties back to productive use. This assessment is done through a review of the program's adherence to national best practices, and a neighborhood level analysis of the actual and potential impact of the program on Cincinnati neighborhoods.
Advisors/Committee Members: Varady, David.
Subjects: Public administration
Keywords: land banking; land reutilization; vacant; abandoned; redevelopment
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30.
Crawford, Jack Edward.
Using Sport as a Tool for Development.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► Sport for development is a new field in international development that has…
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▼ Sport for development is a new field in international development that has emerged, due in large part to partnerships between institutions such as the United Nations and the International Olympic Committee. The creation of a global framework and development of policies have together mobilized resources for the operation of organizations that utilize sport as a tool for development. Sport is the key instrument these organizations use to implement socioeconomic development projects and programs that work to help achieve the MDGs. This is a study of those organizations. This study examines the extent to which the selected organizations use sport as a tool and ascertains whether there is a prevalent approach to development among them. The reason for comparing the organizations is to find out more about how this idea works and how organizations are using sport to contribute to development. The comparisons made among 42 selected organizations assess the similarities and differences in terms of development type; scope of organizational support and level of operational outreach; and effect. The selection criterion for this research is any organization that uses sport as a tool for development. The search was conducted via the Internet using keyword searches with combinations of “sport,” “tool,” and “development.” The analysis of these organizations indicates common characteristics manifested as social capital, which this study concludes is the key to understanding this concept. The programs and activities of these organizations work to expand social networks and increase the number of connections within them. The content of the websites for the organizations is analyzed for each organization’s mission, goals, type of development, scope of organizational support, and level of operational outreach. The types of development identified by this study in organizations that use sport as a tool for development are: conflict resolution, political, institutional, educational, social, community, media, and combination. The commonalities among these organizations indicated the dominant type of development was community. The scope of organizational support is a classification that attempts to identify the context of the geographic area of support, advocacy, development and policy from which the organizations derive their ownership or inspiration. The classifications of scope are: international, continental, national, and local. The majority scope of organizational support comes mostly from international sources. The level of operational outreach represents the area where the focus of projects and programs are performed by the organizations. This area classifies the beneficiaries of the development by the organizations. The classifications are: international, government, institution, and grassroots. The chief level of operational outreach was at the grassroots level. Sport can be used to create and enhance community development. The benefits of sport have been deemed sufficiently cost-effective to be employed to address needs within Less Developed Countries and to help attain the Millennium Development Goals. This is important because these practices lead the way for the use of sport in poor communities elsewhere and even in more economically-developed countries.
Advisors/Committee Members: Looye, Johanna.
Subjects: Urban planning
Keywords: Sports-economic development; sports- developing countries; UN Millennium Project; Poverty -- International cooperation; urban poor - developing countries; social capital
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