Department: Arts and Sciences : Classics ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
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1.
ABELL, NATALIE D.
The Role of Malta in Prehistoric Mediterranean Exchange Networks.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► The Maltese archipelago, made up of five small islands, is located almost…
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▼ The Maltese archipelago, made up of five small islands, is located almost exactly in the middle of the Mediterranean. From the Phoenician period to the modern day, Malta, because of its central location and excellent harbors, has been integral to pan-Mediterranean exchange, communication, and military endeavors. However, the earliest long-distance Mediterranean trade networks between east and west barely reached these islands. This thesis investigates long-term trends in prehistoric Maltese exchange networks in order to illuminate how and why the Maltese did not participate more actively in early exchange networks. It also explores the nature of Bronze Age exchange networks between the eastern and central Mediterranean from the often overlooked perspective of the periphery.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Dr. Jack L.
Subjects: Anthropology, Archaeology
Keywords: Neolithic and Bronze Age Malta; Mycenaean trade; Prehistoric central Mediterranean
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2.
AMORE, MARIA GRAZIA.
SETTLEMENT AND BURIAL IN APOLLONIA AND ITS AREA (ALBANIA).
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► This study presents an analysis of data pertaining to the Archaic and…
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▼ This study presents an analysis of data pertaining to the Archaic and Classical periods at Apollonia (Albania), one of the major Greek colonies in the Mediterranean. Conclusions are based on a long history of research and investigations that have been carried out in the form of excavations and surface survey within the city walls of Apollonia, in its necropolis, and in its chora. Part of this work is dedicated to a thorough collection and collation of published information from Apollonia, while the core of my analyses considers recent data from the systematic surface survey in its territory sponsored by the Mallakastra Regional Archaeological Project and the excavation of one of the many tumuli in its large necropolis. The approach taken here is both regional and interdisciplinary, and it is shown that only the integration of data from different disciplines and various kinds of field projects, set in a regional context, can provide us with a better understanding of life at Apollonia during the Archaic and Classical periods. The comparison of data from excavations within the city with those coming from the survey and the necropolis has been particularly useful in exploring various aspects of the social, economic, and cultural dynamics of ancient society. This study should be considered as a prolegomenon that should be followed by further analyses and explorations with contemporary techniques and methods not only within the city walls, but also in the necropolis and in the chora of the city-state.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Dr. Jack L.
Subjects: Anthropology, Archaeology
Keywords: Archaeology; Anthropology; Albania
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3.
Anderson, Peter John.
‘Fame Is The Spur’: Memoria, Gloria, and Poetry Among the Elite in Flavian Rome.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► In this dissertation I situate and analyze expressions of renown in nugatory…
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▼ In this dissertation I situate and analyze expressions of renown in nugatory poetry of the Flavian period – Statius, Martial, and Pliny – within the context of Roman elite attitudes toward memoria and the literary tradition of the poet’s own success and renown. I assess the extent to which elite concern for commemoration affect literary expressions of the poet’s own renown. I begin in Chapter One “Memoria” with a series of illustrative examples in support of the base assertion that concern for memoria is symptomatic of Roman elite culture. I suggest – through brief analyses of Cicero’s post-consular and post reditum speeches, Tacitus’ de vita Julii Agricolae, the so-called damnatio memoriae and the Senatus Consultum de Pisone Patre, and two quasi-case studies on the importance of memoria for writers under the early empire – that the major motivation which seems to underpin this need to commemorate is the desire to ensure individual posterity and/or to assure a corporate family influence. In Chapter Two “Terms of Praise” I focus on those words used by poets in the Flavian period to describe their own excellence and success as poets. Five key terms dominate this discussion: fama, laus, nomen, honor(-os), and gloria. In Chapters Three (Statius), Four (Martial), and Five (Pliny) I undertake focused analysis of the expressions of and attitudes towards their own success and renown. Statius, a professional poet, serves in many respects as a counter example to Martial and Pliny, most of all because Statius shows no interest in the Silvae as vehicles for his own memoria or renown. He looks instead to his epic poetry in that regard. Martial, the jaded raconteur of elite attitudes and habits, provides an informative perspective on the criteria for a poet’s success, and on the consequences of success for memoria and renown. With Pliny I describe the motivations and assumptions underlying the production of literature – especially nugatory poetry – among his group of elite friends, relating these to similar aspects of literary culture in Martial.
Advisors/Committee Members: Johnson, Dr. William A.
Subjects: Literature, Classical
Keywords: Pliny Minor; Martial; Statius; Gloria; Elite Culture
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4.
Arikan Erciyas, Deniz Burcu.
STUDIES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF HELLENISTIC PONTUS: THE SETTLEMENTS, MONUMENTS, AND COINAGE OF MITHRADATES VI AND HIS PREDECESSORS.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► This dissertation is the first comprehensive study of the central Black Sea…
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▼ This dissertation is the first comprehensive study of the central Black Sea region in Turkey (ancient Pontus) during the Hellenistic period. It examines the environmental, archaeological, literary, and numismatic data in individual chapters. The focus of this examination is the central area of Pontus, with the goal of clarifying the Hellenistic kingdom's relationship to other parts of Asia Minor and to the east. I have concentrated on the reign of Mithradates VI (120-63 B.C.), but the archaeological and literary evidence for his royal predecessors, beginning in the third century B.C., has also been included. Pontic settlement patterns from the Chalcolithic through the Roman period have also been investigated in order to place Hellenistic occupation here in the broadest possible diachronic perspective. The examination of the coinage, in particular, has revealed a significant amount about royal propaganda during the reign of Mithradates, especially his claims to both eastern and western ancestry. One chapter deals with a newly discovered tomb at Amisos that was indicative of the aristocratic attitudes toward death. The tomb finds indicate a high level of commercial activity in the region as early as the late fourth/early third century B.C., as well as the significant role of Amisos in connecting the interior with the coast.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rose, C. Brian.
Subjects: Anthropology, Archaeology
Keywords: PONTUS; BLACK SEA; MITHRADATES VI; ARCHAEOLOGY; HELLENISTIC
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5.
ARMSTRONG, KRISTOPHER MARK.
SETTLEMENT HIERARCHY AND THE LOCATION OF ALASHIYA ON CYPRUS.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► This thesis investigates the socio-political character of Late Bronze Age (LBA) Cyprus…
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▼ This thesis investigates the socio-political character of Late Bronze Age (LBA) Cyprus during the sixteenth to fourteenth centuries BC primarily from an archaeological point of view. Past theories concerning this subject suggest that a centralized political authority ruled Cyprus during this time period. Such suggestions are used to support the hypothesis that Cyprus was Alashiya (a kingdom mentioned in contemporary fourteenth century texts from various kingdoms). While it is the general assumption of scholars that the two were universal equivalents, there is no concrete evidence for such an interpretation Enkomi, an LBA site, has been used to support the idea that Cyprus entered an early form of statehood beginning in the LBA. The supposedly large extent of the settlement, the wealth of its archaeological remains, and its metallurgical facilities are said to suggest that it was the capital of Alashiya. While this theory seems possible, a number of other LBA cities existed that appear to have been equivalent, or even superior, to Enkomi in these terms. All such settlements were located along the coast of the island and present a discrepancy in comparison to the smaller, seemingly less wealthy inland LBA sites. Arguments based on these types of archaeological evidence are risky because much of the ideological component of political cultures is often not apparent in archaeological remains. Alternative models can be constructed. Which of these settlements then, if any, exerted control over other coastal sites on the island? This thesis assesses the relevant evidence from exacavations and archaeological surveys to test the validity of the claims made by past scholarship. The conclusion shows there is no sound archaeological proof to support the theory that a centralized, island-wide political authority existed on Cyprus at any time during the LBA, no proof that any coastal LBA site exerted control over others, and no proof to show that Cyprus and Alashiya should be considered to be synonymous. Until more illustrative archaeological material comes to light, the responsible interpretation is that the socio-political character of Cyprus was regional, and Alashiya, if a part of Cyprus, was one of those regions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Walberg, Gisela.
Subjects: Anthropology, Archaeology
Keywords: Bronze Age; Cyprus; settlement; Alashiya
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6.
ATWOOD, MARK ANDREW.
TRAJAN'S COLUMN: THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAJAN'S SEPULCHER IN URBE.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► Eutropius (8.5.2) and Dio (69.2.3) record that after Trajan’s death in A.D.…
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▼ Eutropius (8.5.2) and Dio (69.2.3) record that after Trajan’s death in A.D. 117, his cremated remains were deposited in the pedestal of his column, a fact supported by archeological evidence. The Column of Trajan was located in urbe. Burial in urbe was prohibited except in certain circumstances. Therefore, scholars will not accept the notion that Trajan overtly built his column as his sepulcher. Contrary to this opinion, I argue that Trajan did in fact build his column to serve as his sepulcher. Chapter 1 examines the extensive scholarship on Trajan’s Column. Chapter 2 provides a critical discussion of the relevant Roman laws prohibiting urban burial. Chapter 3 discusses the ritual of burial in urbe as it relates to Trajan. Chapter 4 identifies the architectural precedent for Trajan’s Column and precedent for imperial burials in urbe. Finally, an appendix examines the role of the pomerium in the discussion about urban burial.
Advisors/Committee Members: Van Minnen, Peter.
Subjects: History, Ancient
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7.
Barfoed, Signe.
An Archaic Votive Deposit from Nemea - Ritual Behavior in a Sacred Landscape.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► This thesis presents material from an unpublished votive deposit discovered in a…
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▼ This thesis presents material from an unpublished votive deposit discovered in a field on a lowhill ca. 700 m. east of the Sanctuary of Zeus at Nemea. The deposit consists of about 1000 pieces of Archaic pottery mostly of Corinthian production. Different shapes of miniature vessels predominate, but the deposit also contains lamps and terracotta figurines. Even though no architectural remains were found, the miniature votive pottery and figurines indicate a shrine or small sanctuary in the area. Its location with a panoramic view of the Sanctuary of Zeus as well as close to a spring that provided water to the Sanctuary of Zeus, emphasizes the shrine’s connection to the sanctuary. The deity to whom this rural shrine might belong is difficult to identify. The generic assemblage of votive pottery and figurines does not contribute to identification. However, the location at a ravine next to a spring finds parallels in Etruria and South Italy, and the deposit may reflect the discontinuation of a shrine possibly dedicated to the water nymph Nemea, who in myth and history is tightly connected to the area.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lynch, Kathleen.
Subjects: Archaeology
Keywords: Nemea; Archaic Classical Pottery; Corinthian Pottery; Miniature votive pottery; Ritual behavior; Rural spring shrine
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8.
Beasom, Patrick Timothy.
Oculi Sunt in Amore Duces: the Use of Mental Image in Latin Love Poetry.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► Propertius tells us that the eyes are our guides in love. Both…
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▼ Propertius tells us that the eyes are our guides in love. Both he and Ovid enjoin lovers to keep silent about their love affairs. I explore the ability of poetry to make our ears and our eyes guides, and, more importantly, to connect seeing and saying, videre and narrare. The ability of words to spur a reader or listener to form mental images was long recognized by Roman and Greek rhetoricians. This project takes stock for the first time of how poets, three Roman love poets, in this case, applied vivid description and other rhetorical devices to spur their readers to form mental images of the love they read. All three poets reflect on the role played by a reader's mental imaging in poetry in general and love poetry in particular. In my discussion of Catullus, I examine how the poet uses his control of the reader's perspective to include or exclude him from his love affair, and to show that his love for Lesbia was something unique and worth concealing from the visual scrutiny of the outside world. The chapter on Propertius reevaluates what exactly constitutes the tempérament visuel that scholars have so often attributed to the poet. In my discussion of Ovid I examine three different ends to which he employs the language of vision and his reader's mental imaging in the Amores, Ars Amatoria, and Metamorphoses. In the Metamorphoses Ovid makes explicit what Catullus and Propertius had implied about the power of words: their power to create images in the reader's mind allows the reader to become a viewer, to peep into the private world of another through the window of the text. As I show throughout the dissertation, all three poets hold that telling (narrare), the purview of the poet, trumps seeing (videre), the realm of the visual artist.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gutzwiller, Kathryn.
Subjects: Classical studies
Keywords: Latin poetry; love poetry; Catullus; Propertius; Ovid; mental image
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9.
BERKOWITZ, GARY CHARLES.
NARRATIVE PROBLEMS IN APOLLONIUS' ARGONAUTICA.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2002, University of Cincinnati
► Apollonius' Argonautica is difficult to read and to understand. These difficulties have…
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▼ Apollonius' Argonautica is difficult to read and to understand. These difficulties have generated negative criticism of the poem in the past, In recent times, though, the reception of the poem has been more favorable. Since the Argonautica, for instance, would have been written for a rather knowledgeable audience, Apollonius had the luxury of being obscure. The poem's narrative problems are also viewed as the intended product of a poetics of discontinuity. Although I am sympathetic to these recent approaches, my analysis is more complex and nuanced as I incorporate the argument that the poem resembles a mimetic text. Both the Homeric and Apollonian narrators occasionally make explicit appeals to gods and mortal characters. The Apollonian narrator, though, can actually be influenced by the demands imposed by these internal narratees. One of the Muses (Erato), moreover, apparently speaks to the narrator and affects his story in ways that are visible to the reader. The Argonautica thereby takes on the appearance of a dialogue. I argue that this dialogue results in the difficulties that people have had with the poem throughout the ages. The Argonautica has a terse narrative style that can be appreciated through an understanding of its frequent literary allusions. The allusiveness occurs because the narrative is derived from earlier treatments of the Argonautic legend. Since many of these treatments would be known to the public audience, the narrator has the luxury of being terse. Generally speaking, discontinuity is achieved when a style of narration that is inspired by Erato is superimposed over the allusive narrative. It is my hope that future studies of the Argonautica will consider its dramatic structure and recognize that conclusions about the poem as a whole may actually be more appropriate only for certain sections.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gutzwiller, Dr. Kathryn.
Keywords: Apollonius; Apollonios; Argonautica; Argonatika; Erato
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10.
Beyer, Jennifer Marie.
The Iconographic Program of the Architectural Terracotta Relief Plaques from Zone F at Acquarossa.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► The Archaic Etruscan site of Acquarossa, approximately 80 kilometers north of Rome,…
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▼ The Archaic Etruscan site of Acquarossa, approximately 80 kilometers north of Rome, near Viterbo, contains a mid-sixth century monumental building complex adorned with four different types of terracotta relief plaques. This complex constitutes one of the few excavated examples of large-scale, non-funerary architecture in sixth century Etruria, and there has been little agreement as to how it functioned. Scholarly attempts to clarify the use of the complex have been tied to the terracotta relief plaques that decorated the entablature, but the interpretation of these plaques is no simple task. The preservation of the reliefs is poor, most of the paint has faded away, and the iconography is problematic in many ways. Since our understanding of the building's function is so heavily dependent on these reliefs, a full understanding of the mythological program is extremely important, and all relevant parallels need to be considered. Many theories regarding the iconography of the scenes have been proposed by scholars, but little or no attention has been paid to the plaques' similarities to and differences from contemporary art from Etruria and other parts of the Mediterranean. This thesis will address these problems systematically, beginning with a review of the Acquarossa excavations and the architectural remains from the two phases of Zone F, in which the complex in question is located. It will describe each of the four plaques in detail, considering the different scholarly interpretations of the scenes. Next it will examine the iconography of the four plaque types, two of which contain mythological characters. An interpretation of the problematic scenes will be proposed. Finally, I propose a new interpretation of the iconographic program of all four plaque types, and consider the readability of the plaques based on their position on the buildings. Two appendices contain descriptions of the comparanda used in the analysis, and address the debate concerning the implicit political messages that some scholars have identified in Etruscan iconography.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rose, Professor C. Brian.
Keywords: architectural terracottas; Etruria; Acquarossa; Archaic Italy
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11.
BRANNIN, ALDER M.W.
Princess or Pawn: Creusa of Corinth in Classical Literature and Art.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► The story of Medea's actions at Corinth and her murder of Creusa,…
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▼ The story of Medea's actions at Corinth and her murder of Creusa, Creon, and her own children is well known. Three major texts cover the story: Euripides' Medea, Ovid's Heroides 12, and Seneca's Medea, in addition to representations on vases and sarcophagi. The figure of Creusa, princess of Corinth, wife of Jason, and victim of Medea, is discussed less often. Nevertheless, this secondary character plays a pivotal part in the story, setting the terrible events at Corinth in motion. This thesis examines how Creusa's role offers insights into the motives of the other characters and sheds light on how each author and artist chooses to construct the story.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gutzwiller, Kathryn.
Subjects: Classical studies
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12.
Cloke, Christian F.
Aqua Nabataea et Aqua Romana: Signs of Cultural Change in the Waterworks of Ancient Arabia.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► When Pompey conquered Syria-Palestine in 64–63 B.C., the Nabataeans remained outside Rome’s…
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▼ When Pompey conquered Syria-Palestine in 64–63 B.C., the Nabataeans remained outside Rome’s grasp. Although neighbors of the Hellenized world for some time, and in close contact with the Graeco-Roman cities of the Decapolis in the years leading up to A.D. 106, it was only after annexation that the Nabataeans officially came under the auspices of Roman control. When Trajan created from the Nabataean Kingdom around Petra the new Provincia Arabia (Arabia Petraea), life in the area was bound to change. Looking at the new provincial capital of Bostra, in southern Syria, and at Petra, the greatest Nabataean city, it is clear that alterations to the urban façades of the new province were made swiftly and continued to be made for some time. Monumental arches, Roman-style temples and public buildings, new roads, and a variety of civic spaces reshaped the urban hubs of the province. These overt expressions of Rome’s newfound ascendancy are clear enough; but what about less visible aspects of the urban fabric? What happened when no-one was watching, and the goal was not to send a message of Rome’s dominance, but rather to sustain life and facilitate its comforts in the best manner possible? Water systems in particular are an, if not the, essential part of every city’s underpinnings, and an absolute sine qua non for life in the Near East. With the exception of the Romans’ soaring, arched aqueducts, however, most water supply systems were unspectacular and relatively inconspicuous. This thesis examines such systems in three well-known centers of Nabataean and Roman life (Bostra, Petra, and Humayma), each belonging first to the Nabataean Kingdom and then the Province of Arabia, to determine the extent to which “Roman” methods of water-supply and management took root following the reconstitution of the area as a province. In some instances, it is clear that Roman engineering was imposed upon cities as new demands were placed upon civic water supply: Roman government officials, the military, and entrepreneurs demanded such comforts as baths and latrines. Yet in many instances, the Nabataean contribution to waterworks remained fundamental due to the efficiency and ingenuity of pre-existing systems. Far from living in a vacuum before annexation, the Nabataeans were well-acquainted with Graeco-Roman waterworks of the region, even baths, and had developed their own ingenious systems for collecting, transporting, and storing water to maximum effect. The “Romanization” of Nabataean water systems was in many ways inversely proportional to the overall “Hellenization” of these systems prior to Roman domination of Arabia. By looking at less overt aspects of material culture, particularly those not motivated by concerns of political and social domination, this work assesses more gradual processes of “Romanization.” In so doing, it becomes clear that the “Romans” inhabiting the cities and towns of the new province were not nearly as Roman as we might think, and the Nabataeans were hardly “provincial.” While the Roman presence in the area had a strong impact on waterworks of the second and third centuries A.D., the Nabataean underpinnings remained in most cities, and Nabataean hydrological engineering never fully disappeared, even well into later periods, continuing to affect water management habits in this region profoundly. Where Roman waterworks abounded, they did so to serve stable Roman populations, but even new inhabitants were not always enough to supplant former networks. At Humayma, we see signs of a different pattern of cultural interaction in stark contrast to “hybridization” and “Creolization.” This pattern is deemed “cultural parallelism,” a situation wherein Romans and Nabataeans lived beside one another with relatively separate facilities and maintained their own forms of hydraulic engineering. In addition to “cultural parallelism,” the present work looks at the many trajectories of cultural change in Nabataea and Roman Arabia through waterworks, opening a new data set for investigation and interpretation. This line of inquiry seeks to augment and breathe new life into stale concepts of Romanization which are overly-reliant on art historical concerns and often ignore the practicalities of urban infrastructure as useful means for assessing cultural change.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lynch, Kathleen.
Subjects: Anthropology, Archaeology
Keywords: Nabataea; Nabataeans; Roman Arabia; Ancient Waterworks; Romanization
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13.
COTE, JASON M.
THEODOSIUS AND THE GOTHS: THE LIMITS OF ROMAN POWER.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► This thesis examines the official policies pursued by the imperial government towards…
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▼ This thesis examines the official policies pursued by the imperial government towards Gothic tribes under Theodosius I, both those within and without Roman borders, and attempts to identify the interaction between the Roman populace and the Gothic settlers within Roman borders. It also attempts to identify the general attitudes of certain groups within the empire – senatorial aristocrats, imperial officials, soldiers, civilians – towards the policies pursued by the imperial government. Special weight has been given to those sources that are contemporary with the period. Sources that postdate the period have been employed carefully, with thought given to their biases, indicating where the sack of Rome and the events of the fifth century came to color accounts of the fourth. Finally, much consideration has been given to how religious struggles in the fourth and fifth centuries affected both the accounts of the events and the events themselves.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sage, Dr. Michael M.
Subjects: History, Ancient
Keywords: Theodosius I; Stilicho; Goths; Tervingi
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14.
Dibble, William Flint.
The Archaeology of Food in Athens: The Development of an Athenian Urban Lifestyle.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► Athenian material culture is particularly well represented by ceramic vessels, the majority…
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▼ Athenian material culture is particularly well represented by ceramic vessels, the majority of which were used in association with food and drink. This thesis aims to explore food practices– how the Athenians stored, cooked, and consumed food– as revealed through ceramic material evidence. Athenian food practices directly relate to the economy, political system, cultic practices, and urbanization of the city itself.The topic of Athenian food practices is divided into four sections: 1) the control and use of water, 2) the supply and storage of food, 3) the processing and cooking of food, and 4) the consumption of food and drink. Athenian food practices are primarily revealed through the evidence of ceramic vessels; however, food practices are also revealed through Athenian architecture, iconography, and texts of the period. Over the course of the Classical period, Athenian food practices changed dramatically. Domestic storage of food and water became less important as urban infrastructure insured the regular availability of food and water in the urban environment. Athenian cuisine also changed dramatically. An increase in the variety of Athenian cookpots reveals the different food preparation methods utilized. An increase in the variety of Athenian food and drink consumption vessels suggests different food consumption practices. Overall, Athenian food practices are shown to be interrelated and reveal the processual development of an Athenian urban lifestyle in the Classical period.The urbanization of the city-center, the Athenian Agora, is revealed through the construction of urban infrastructure: drainage, fountains, roads, and commercial structures. The development of the Athenian Agora created a new environment to which daily activity adapted. The construction of urban space is directly related to the ceramic vessels used daily for food practices in Athens. Only through juxtaposing these two classes of evidence is the development of the Athenian urban lifestyle traced.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lynch, Kathleen.
Subjects: Archaeology
Keywords: Athens; Athenian Archaeology; Foodways; Ancient Food Practices; Ancient Urbanism; Urbanization
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15.
EFKLEIDOU, KALLIOPI.
SLAVERY AND DEPENDENT PERSONNEL IN THE LINEAR B ARCHIVES OF MAINLAND GREECE.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► This work focuses on the relations of dominance as they are demonstrated…
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▼ This work focuses on the relations of dominance as they are demonstrated in the Linear B archives of Mainland Greece (Pylos, Tiryns, Mycenae, and Thebes) and discusses whether the social status of the “slave” can be ascribed to any social group or individual. A set of conditions, recognized as being of central importance to the description of the “slave” status, serve as the “unit of measurement”, by which the different statuses within the group of lower-status people can be correlated to the slave status. Of great importance for this work is the examination of a group of people designated as do-e-ro(-a), who have traditionally been interpreted as “slaves.” This thesis, however, is not limited to these do-e-ro(-a), but takes into consideration the entire dependent and lower-status population in the tablets, distinguishes social groups of different levels of ranking and compares these groups both internally and against the criteria describing “slaves.”
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Dr. Jack L.
Subjects: Anthropology, Archaeology
Keywords: MYCENAEAN, AEGEAN, TABLETS, PYLOS, MYCENAE, TIRYNS, THEBES
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16.
EGAN, EMILY CATHERINE.
The Stylistic Relationship Between Wall Painting and Vase Painting at the Palace at Knossos During the Neo- and Final Palatial Periods.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► There is an often purported, but little studied, relationship between Minoan wall…
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▼ There is an often purported, but little studied, relationship between Minoan wall painting and vase painting. Neopalatial and Final Palatial examples from the palace at Knossos suggest how two different media from a single archaeological site stylistically related to each other over time. The stylistic features of traditions of wall painting and vase painting are examined in detail, phase by phase, with regard to their physical forms, design structure, spatial distribution, motifs, and themes. General comparisons are then drawn between the two media, and four case studies, in which similarities are exceptionally strong, are discussed. The relationship between wall painting and vase painting appears to have been as much structural as motif-based. It is likely that the same group of Minoan artisans was active in producing art in both media. The reason for the stylistic similarities is both subconscious (the design and structure of forms being an extension of the artistic habitus of the craftsman) and deliberate (with specific motif choices promoting a coherent and complementary visual program within the palace).
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Jack.
Subjects: Archaeology
Keywords: Crete, Knossos, Minoans, Vase Painting, Wall Painting
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17.
EMMERSON, ALLISON L. C.
A RECONSIDERATION OF THE FUNERARY MONUMENTS OF ROMAN DACIA.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► This thesis aims to improve our understanding of cultural interaction in the…
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▼ This thesis aims to improve our understanding of cultural interaction in the Roman province of Dacia by examining one type of evidence from the provincial period: Roman-style stone funerary monuments. Past research on the Dacian funerary monuments has considered them to be evidence of Romanization. To indicate Romanization, however, funerary monuments must demonstrate a blending of Roman and indigenous cultures. A close examination of the Dacian examples in context shows that this was not the case in Roman Dacia. Dacian funerary monuments were set up by Romans, rather than natives, and show no signs of cultural blending. In light of this research, the Dacian stone funerary monuments should not be considered evidence of Romanization, but of attempted Roman Imperialism. These monuments emphasized the separation of Roman and native, and advertised Roman power in the face of constant threats – both internal and external – to Roman control.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lynch, Dr. Kathleen.
Keywords: Roman Dacia, Funerary Sculpture, Provincial Art, Romanization, Post Colonial Theory
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18.
Fitzsimons, Rodney Desmond.
Monuments of Power and the Power of Monuments: The Evolution of Elite Architectural Styles at Bronze Age Mycenae.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► It has been widely recognized that for many cultures the prominent display…
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▼ It has been widely recognized that for many cultures the prominent display of wealth by an emerging elite is of fundamental importance to the expression and maintenance of social hierarchy. Participation in this practice of conspicuous consumption provides a vital means of creating and preserving the positions of power and authority held by the higher status members of society by demonstrating their access to superior resources. This approach has been successfully applied to the study of state formation in Bronze Age Greece, where great emphasis has been placed upon the role of the acquisition and production of luxury artifacts such as pottery, metal and stone vases, jewelry and weapons. Yet, these objects do not represent the only means through which this competition was engaged. Perhaps the most visible means of exhibiting wealth in a conspicuous manner is through large-scale public construction, which serves both to advertise the superior wealth and power of its builder(s) and to act as a mechanism that attracts labor and prestige away from the smaller social units with whom its owners are in competition. The present study examines the function of monumental architecture as an instrument of conspicuous consumption at Late Bronze Age Mycenae and evaluates its role as a driving force in the processes of social stratification and state formation. It demonstrates that the evolution of monumental building practices at the site in the Early Mycenaean period can be divided into three distinct stages, each of which is characterized by the adoption of a new type of monumental construction: the shaft grave, in the late MH-LH II period; the tholos tomb, in the LH II-IIIA:1 period; and the palace, in the LH IIIA:1-2 period. Each new building category is examined from a number of different qualitative and quantitative perspectives (e.g., function [funerary vs. non-funerary], location, materials and techniques of construction, amount of labor investment required), and on the basis of these analyses, it is argued that the changes evident in the application of monumental architecture at Mycenae both reflected and inspired corresponding changes in the socio-political system that produced them.
Advisors/Committee Members: Walberg, Dr. Gisela.
Subjects: Anthropology, Archaeology
Keywords: Mycenae; Mycenaean Architecture; Mycenaean Palaces; Mycenaean State Formation; Mycenaean Tholos Tombs; Shaft Graves
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19.
FURUYA, YUKI.
A STUDY OF BUILDING III AT THE NEOLITHIC ACROPOLIS OF HALAI, GREECE.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► Building III is a Middle Neolithic structure in the archaeological site of…
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▼ Building III is a Middle Neolithic structure in the archaeological site of Halai. It is a one-room unit of 5 sq. m. made of stone and mudbrick. Radiocarbon analysis gives it a date of 5900 to 5700 BC. Bldg. III is prominent among the six MN structures excavated at Halai, due to its good preservation and its extended period of occupation. Bldg. III remained in use while other older structures were built over with new ones. Bldg. III has signs of major restoration work. A buttress was created to fortify a collapsing wall. A doorway and window were sealed in reaction to the construction of the later structures in extreme proximity to it. The function of the room appears to have been adjusted from food processing to storage, to suit its structural alteration, as evidenced by the finds.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Dr. Jack L.
Keywords: Neolithic; Architecture; Archaeology; Central Greece; Halai
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20.
Galsworthy, Carrie.
Language and Intent in Empedocles' Cosmic Cycle.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► In this dissertation, I analyze how Empedocles uses language to present himself…
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▼ In this dissertation, I analyze how Empedocles uses language to present himself and his intent. Although Empedocles' contemporaries and more modern readers present him as a scientist or magician, he portrays himself as a god and claims that he will teach others to become a god like him in order to manipulate the universe. In Chapter One, I examine the concept of science from an Aristotelian bias and from the standpoint of modern expectations of science to show that, despite verses that describe how the world works, Empedocles does not follow the patterns of active conversation with other thinkers that are available. His stated intent (fragment 111) is to teach others how to control the universe - cure disease and old age, affect the weather, and raise the dead - rather than learn about it theoretically. In Chapter Two, I will show that although the claims that he makes link him to magicians, he does not present himself as one. Magicians act as intermediaries between men and the gods (at least in the time contemporary with Empedocles); the gods do as the magicians ask them because the magicians have built up a successful relationship through sacrifices and incantations. Empedocles, on the other hand, accomplishes these feats on his own as a god. Chapter Three sets out what sort of god Empedocles is: he is a mortal, long-lived god in contrast with the immortal gods - Love, Strife, and the four roots (fire, water, air, and earth). Anyone can become a god, as I illustrate, as long as one is pure enough and wise enough. Chapter Four returns to Empedocles' use of language to express his intent. Since controlling the world can be a dangerous lesson, Empedocles uses ambiguity and the model of initiation into a mystery intentionally to conceal the lessons from hoi polloi. The audience must decode Empedocles' message before they can make further observations of the world on their way to meeting their goal. Following the model for initiation, the readers will come to the ultimate revelation on their own. Finally, Chapter Five focuses on what can be determined from Empedocles' verses: the readers must learn how to emulate the actions of Love and Strife since they are the active agents of change in the world. By learning about how the world works from Empedocles' verses and their own observation, his students, as gods themselves, will also influence the fabric of the universe to achieve whatever they wish.
Advisors/Committee Members: Parker, Holt.
Subjects: Classical studies
Keywords: Empedocles; Presocratic Philosophy; Science; Magic; Cosmology; Religion
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21.
GLAUBIUS, JENNIFER.
THE VENETIAN PERIOD IN VOSTIZZA, GREECE, 1685-1715: A GIS ANALYSIS.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► This study examines the state of Venetian administration in Vostizza. I use…
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▼ This study examines the state of Venetian administration in Vostizza. I use GIS to combine information about population, property, and agriculture in Venetian documents with the location of settlements and boundaries of taxation units recorded in a Venetian map of the territory. Maps created using GIS reveal spatial patterns in the distribution of population, of certain crops, and of certain kinds of settlements. My analysis demonstrates that, while the Venetians implemented a system of taxation that they had previously employed in Italy, they also retained a settlement classification used by the Ottoman administration prior to the conquest of the Morea by Venice. Examination of settlement locations established by immigrants suggests that the Venetians were successful in repopulating Vostizza, and that they rewarded immigration agricultural land and other property. Finally, I confirm that the economic condition of Vostizza had sufficiently recovered from the Turkish-Venetian War by 1700 to allow agricultural exports.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Dr. Jack L.
Keywords: Venetian History; Greek History; GIS (Geographic Information Systems)
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22.
Gordon, Jody Michael.
Felicitas Imperii: The Roman African Modes of Antonine Dynastic Commemoration in African Proconsularis (138-192 A.D.).
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► This thesis charts the ways in which the Antonine dynasty (138-192 A.D.)…
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▼ This thesis charts the ways in which the Antonine dynasty (138-192 A.D.) was commemorated in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis. The main historical events affecting the dynasty are considered in an attempt to discern the outlines of an imperial ideology. The thesis then addresses the history, society and culture of Africa Proconsularis during the Antonine period. By analyzing the epigraphy and iconography on several different types of Antonine monuments from the province and by comparing these monuments with the modes of commemoration in the capital, the varying ways in which the Antonines were commemorated on the provincial level are charted. In general, the specific socio-political context of Africa Proconsularis influenced modes of dynastic commemoration, since the majority of the monuments analyzed seem to follow the visual propaganda in use at Rome. Nevertheless, some local varieties of commemoration can be distinguished.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rose, Dr. C. Brian.
Subjects: History, Ancient
Keywords: Rome; Antonine Emperors; Roman Africa; Africa Proconsularis; Dynastic Commemoration
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23.
GOROGIANNI, EUGENIA.
MIDDLE HELLADIC PERIOD IN BOIOTIA: A STUDY OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2002, University of Cincinnati
► The present thesis is concerned the Middle Helladic period in Boiotia with…
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▼ The present thesis is concerned the Middle Helladic period in Boiotia with the specific goal of detecting elements of social organization. The study of this period has been seriously neglected, since it is outshadowed by the preceding and succeeding periods, the Early Helladic and the Late Helladic periods, which have produced impressive archaeological remains, as well as by the relative concentration of research in Thebes. This thesis aspired to look the Middle Helladic period in its own right and own context. Thus, by encompassing the data resulting from fieldwork to the present day and creating a new synthesis, the necessary groundwork was created for a comprehensive interpretation of social patterns during Middle Helladic period in Boiotia. Analyses were performed on two levels: the intra-settlement and the inter-settlement. At the intra-settlement, architectural features, mostly from Eutresis, and the spatial arrangements were examined with a view to discern meaningful patterns reflecting the social organization of the settlement and the community inhabiting it. At the inter-settlement level, the nature of the data has also limited the discussion of the evidence of MH occupation of the landscape to a discussion of the density of settlement. This has been possible through a comparison of the preliminary data from the Cambridge/Bradford Boiotia survey with information from other intensive surface survey projects conducted in Southern Greece.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Dr. Jack L.
Subjects: Anthropology, Archaeology
Keywords: middle helladic perod in Boiotia; social organization; archaeology; systematic surface suvey; Eutresis
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24.
Gorogianni, Eugenia.
Creation Stories: The Archaeological Site Of Ayia Irini, Kea, And The Production Of Archaeological Knowledge.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Archaeological practice has a major impact on the production of archaeological knowledge,…
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▼ Archaeological practice has a major impact on the production of archaeological knowledge, as demonstrated by analysis of the stratigraphy of the Northern Sector of Ayia Irini (Kea, Greece), a small Bronze Age center in the Greek islands that flourished throughout much of the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. The stratigraphy of the Northern Sector, a small, but long-occupied part of the settlement, has largely remained unpublished since being excavated in the 1960s and early 1970s. Studies of particular categories of artifacts, such as ceramics, depend on a firm understanding of find contexts. For this reason, one significant contribution of my thesis is to document thoroughly the stratigraphy of the Northern Sector, a well-defined complex of rooms built next to the stone fortification wall that enclosed the site ca. 1700 B.C. In the context of a discussion of the cultural history of the entire site, I explore the formation processes that have been responsible for the stratigraphy which the excavators of the site observed. I argue that the archaeological practices of the excavators have shaped the archaeological record of Ayia Irini and the potential interpretations of the record every bit as much as have past natural and cultural formation processes. My analysis thus contributes to filling a lacuna that has existed in archaeological publications of sites in the Mediterranean, where archaeologists have rarely concerned themselves either with the history of archaeology or archaeological practice. I intend this study to speak to archaeologists working in other places and time periods, as well as to my fellow Aegean prehistorians.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Jack L.
Subjects: Archaeology; Classical studies
Keywords: Ayia Irini, archaeological practice, archaeological knowledge, Kea, Bronze Age, Greek archaeology, Cyclades
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25.
Harris, Sarah E.
BURIALS AND PEER POLITY INTERACTION A CASE STUDY OF BURIALS AT METAPONTO AND TARAS.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► Scholars (e.g. Graham 1964, Boardman 1980) have often attempted to explain colony…
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▼ Scholars (e.g. Graham 1964, Boardman 1980) have often attempted to explain colony practices, especially burial practices, by equating them with those of the mother-city. However, the work of Snodgrass (1986) and Shepherd (1995) has illustrated that this assumption, that colonies copy the rituals of their mother cities, is not always accurate. Shepherd’s (1995) work with the Sicilian colonies of Syracuse, Megara Hyblaea, and Gela indicated that the burial practices of these colonies were more similar to each other than to their individual mother cities. Based on that finding, she followed Snodgrass’s (1986) lead by suggesting that the data illustrated peer polity interaction at work. This thesis constitutes a test of Snodgrass’s (1986) and Shepherd’s (1995) hypothesis through the examination of burials from the Greek colonial sites of Metaponto and Taras located in southern Italy as well as a more general survey of burial styles throughout Magna Graecia. If their suggestion regarding polity interaction is accurate, one would expect to see similar burial styles between Metaponto and Taras, as well as similarities between these southern Italy burials and the Sicilian burials. One would further expect to note fewer similarities between these colonial burial styles and those on the Greek mainland. My analysis of the burial styles confirms this picture. The Metapontines and Tarantines did seem to be influencing each other’s burial styles and the similarities between Metaponto and Taras’s burials and those of the Sicilian colonies also suggested interaction. A picture emerges of the influence of neighboring colonies being stronger than the influence of their respective mother cities. Studies examining peer polity interaction between other sites could serve to further solidify the importance of colony interaction.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Jack.
Keywords: BURIALS; TARAS; METAPONTO
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26.
HASAKI, ELENI.
CERAMIC KILNS IN ANCIENT GREECE: TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF CERAMIC WORKSHOPS.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2002, University of Cincinnati
► The present study constitutes a literary, iconographical, technological, and typological analysis of…
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▼ The present study constitutes a literary, iconographical, technological, and typological analysis of ceramic kilns in ancient Greece. More than four hundred and fifty kilns dating from Early Bronze Age to the Byzantine times from the modern state of Greece have been surveyed and categorized. Kaminos is the all-encompassing term for any type of pyrotechnological structure, whether it fired pottery or smelted metal, but later lexicographers also used ipnos, klivanos (krivanos), and fournos (terms connected primarily with bread ovens) as synonyms to kaminos. The iconographical reexamination of the representations of kilns on the Archaic Penteskoufia plaques suggested that their use as test pieces might account for the irregularities in the structure and execution level of their scenes. Chapter II presents all the structural parts (fixed and movable) of a standard, two-chambered, updraft Greek kiln. The firing process and it fuel requirements are estimated using ethnographic and experimental data. An Excursus on various pyrotechnological structures such as the baking oven, the metallurgical furnace, or the lime kiln, highlights the similarities and differences in the construction and performance of these structures. A comparative approach not only spells away the prolongued confusion about their operative mechanisms, but also emphasizes the pyrotechnological interdependence of the practicioners of these crafts. Ceramic workshops tend to develop in industrial quarters along other crafts. Their presence in sanctuaries is very limited, and their association with cemeteries should be viewed as a coincidence rather than as a conscious choice. In the typological chapter (III), the kilns are distinguished according to the shape of the combustion chamber (circular and rectangular) and into nine subtypes according to the arrangement of the support of the perforated floor. A central circular or rectangular support of the perforated floor is the commonest type. Other types are attested mainly, but not exclusively in certain periods and areas of Greece. The larger rectangular kilns, although fewer, point to more specialized production, able to afford their costly operation. The earliest updraft kilns with an intermediate perforated floor appear in the Middle Bronze Age. Their design remains stable throughout antiquity. In the historical periods, the comparisons among periods from Geometric to Byzantine are based on typology, size, and density of types. Overall, there is a slow progression towards more and slightly bigger kilns in every period within each workshop. The size of the kiln is also used as a yardstick to estimate the volume of ceramic production. Medium workshops with one to two kilns and with a full-time crew of four to six persons can be reconstructed based on a potter's daily production and the capacity of a kiln operating full-time. Such workshops correspond to the "workshop industry" of craft specialization categories.
Advisors/Committee Members: Harris-Cline, Dr. Diane.
Subjects: Language, Ancient
Keywords: ceramic technology; kilns; pyrotechnology; geometric, archaic, classical; workshops, specialization
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27.
Hatch, Joel S.
ELABORATE WISDOM: THE USE OF GNOMIC STATEMENTS IN PINDAR'S EPINIKIAN ODES.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► Studies in the conventional features of epinikian poetry have recognized the importance…
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▼ Studies in the conventional features of epinikian poetry have recognized the importance of the use of gnomic statements (short memorable wisdom statements) in this poetry since the appearance of Elroy Bundy's seminal work, Studia Pindarica. However, Bundy's work tended to privilege the objective goals of this poetry without giving proper attention to its subjective goals. In this thesis, I examine Pindar's use of gnomic statements in his epinikian odes with a view to identifying what the poet's subjective goals are, and also demonstrating how these goals are integrated into the objective needs of the genre. I begin with a brief examination of the functions of gnomic statements in earlier archaic Greek poetry, in order to provide a background against which Pindar's use of gnomic statements can be set. I argue that gnomic statements served as both an assertion of the speaker's (i.e. the poet's) sophia (a word which in this period denotes both poetic genius and socio-political intelligence) and a test of the addressee's sophia, and as such, they were useful in agonistic contexts, such as the archaic symposium. However, I also argue that in the earlier poets, these functions showed little development, and as a result gnomic material was freely appropriated and very difficult for a given poet to claim as his own. In contrast, Pindar displays self-conscious awareness of his own poetic sophia, and he uses gnomic statements to draw attention to its special qualities, qualities that mark this kind of sophia and the gnomic statements that express it as especially his own. One of the most important of these qualities is the compositional principle of poikilia, or "elaboration," which is discussed in detail in Chapter Two. In Chapter Three I discuss the ways in which Pindar uses gnomic statements to identify the subjective program of his poetry, that is, his own field of activity qua professional poet, with the objective program of his patrons, that is, their field of activity as athletes and civic leaders. I argue that this identity of programs is a driving force both in Pindar's conception of his art and in his assertion of his status as a poet active on a panhellenic scope. In Chapter Four I demonstrate how Pindar's highly developed use of and extension of the functions of gnomic statements controls the composition of his myths and determines their purposes and applications to specific contexts.
Advisors/Committee Members: Michelini, Ann N.
Keywords: Gnomic Statements; Peindar
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28.
HATCH, JOEL SIMMONS.
POETIC VOICES AND HELLENISTIC ANTECEDENTS IN THE ELEGIES OF PROPERTIUS.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► This dissertation, Poetic Voices and Hellenistic Antecedents in the Elegies of Propertius,…
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▼ This dissertation, Poetic Voices and Hellenistic Antecedents in the Elegies of Propertius, explores some of the techniques with which Propertius crafts a unique poetic voice for his own persona, as well as the poetic voices of other characters in the elegies (chiefly in the Monobiblos and in Book 4). I argue that these techniques are themselves Propertius' own modification and adaptation of techniques he found employed by the Hellenistic poets, on whom he so heavily drew. I demonstrate that, in order to construct arguments which will characterize his own poetic persona, Propertius sometimes draws upon actual epigram sequences in Meleager's Garland, so that the work of the editor's careful arrangement is manipulated and adapted to the needs of the Propertian speaker. I show how he draws upon diverse genres of Hellenistic poetry, such as curse poetry, erotodidactic poetry, catalogue poetry, and the komos, in order to generate and modulate the tone of his poetic voice throughout a given elegy. And I argue that certain Hellenistic poems serve as analogical models (rather than allusive ones) for the poetic technique of appropriating other voices than that of the poet-speaker's persona, thereby blurring the boundaries between different speakers and voices and generating more complex and subtle meaning. After examining each of these techniques individually, I demonstrate how they work together, taking as my example the opening elegy of Propertius' fourth book of elegies. Through a comparison of this elegy with the first and thirteenth Iambi of Callimachus, I argue that a detailed understanding of Propertius' method of adaptation and manipulation of these poetic techniques from his antecedent has great heuristic value for reassessing the difficulties of this most controversial poem, and Book 4 as a whole.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gutzwiller, Dr. Kathryn.
Keywords: Propertius; Roman elegy; Hellenistic poetry; poetic voices
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29.
Hernandez, David R.
Excavations of the Roman Forum at Butrint (2004-2007): The Archaeology of a Hellenistic and Roman Port in Epirus.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► This study presents the results of a four-year archaeological fieldwork project undertaken…
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▼ This study presents the results of a four-year archaeological fieldwork project undertaken from 2004 to 2007 at the ancient city of Butrint (Bouthrotos; Buthrotum). A central achievement of the project was the discovery of the Roman forum, the administrative and civic center of the Roman city. Excavations in the ancient urban center recovered extensive material evidence and established a valuable stratigraphic record that cast new light on the topography and developmental phases of Butrint from Hellenistic to Medieval times. This study focuses on Hellenistic and early Roman Butrint specifically. It examines the archaeological evidence from the excavations (from the 3rd century B.C. to 4th century A.D.) and contextualizes the most important results from the Hellenistic and Augustan periods within a larger conceptual framework related to Epirus. The infrastructural development of Butrint is examined in view of macro changes affecting both Epirus and the Mediterranean in Hellenistic and Roman times. The study begins with an analysis of the archaeology, ancient literary sources, and scholarly studies pertaining to the region of Epirus. The primary themes examined are the physical environment, historical topography, economics, and political organization of the region. Considerable attention is given to pastoralism and its importance to the economy of Greek and Roman Epirus. I argue that social/ideological factors and markets for pastoral products through trade contributed greatly to the scale and growth of pastoralism during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. I also propose that a major restructuring of the Epirote economy occurred in the 2nd century B.C., when increased trade and Roman imperialism brought about an increase in the scale of pastoralism and a greater regional dependency on imported grain. The urban center developed in two major phases in the Hellenistic period. The first phase (late 4th or 3rd century B.C.) entailed the construction of monuments related to the Sanctuary of Asclepius. The second phase (2nd century B.C.) consisted of the establishment of the Agora and an architectural redefinition of the Sanctuary of Asclepius with the construction of the Theater and its Temple. The Hellenistic urbanization phases are considered in light of Roman imperialism and maritime trade. I argue that the destruction of the koinon of the Molossians and increased trade contributed significantly to the urban transformation of Bouthrotos. The foundation of the Roman colony in 44 B.C. brought about a second major transformation of the ancient urban center. New building projects and urban networks reconfigured the preexisting spatial structure of the city. The centerpiece of the new Roman city was the forum. By examining the stratigraphy and material evidence, I reconstruct the design of the forum and several excavated buildings. The study explores the motivation and goals of the colonial building program. In the mid 3rd century A.D., an extensive spoliation phase was followed by large-scale rebuilding. The forum came to an end in the mid-to-late 4th century A.D., possibly owing to an earthquake. The inundation of the forum by this event may explain why the civic center shifted to the eastern side of Butrint in Late Antiquity.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Jack.
Subjects: Archaeology
Keywords: Butrint; Epirus; Forum; Albania; Asclepius; Pastoralism
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30.
HERNANDEZ, DAVID RAY.
STUDIES IN ROMAN REPUBLICAN TOPOGRAPHY: THE SERVIAN WALL AND THE PORTA TRIUMPHALIS.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Classics, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► The objective of this thesis is to determine the location of the…
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▼ The objective of this thesis is to determine the location of the porta Triumphalis in Rome. The study begins with a reevaluation of the evidence for the Servian wall in the area of the Aventine, Palatine, and Capitoline, stemming from I. Ruggiero’s discovery that the hypothesis reconstructing the course of the Servian wall as running close to and parallel with the Tiber is based on erroneous data. A new model for the course of the Servian wall is proposed (i.e., one running to the Palatine and forming a closed-circuit fortification around Rome). It is argued that the porta Triumphalis was located at the northern entrance of the Circus Maximus. A drawing in the Codex Coburgensis bolsters this topographical reconstruction. The thesis concludes that the porta Triumphalis was located in the sanctuary of Hercules, implying that sanctuaries of Hercules and Jupiter constituted the binary topographical poles of every Roman triumphal procession.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rose, Dr. C. Brian.
Subjects: History, Ancient
Keywords: Rome; Porta Triumphalis; Servian Wall; Roman Triumph; Circus Maximus; Codex Coburgensis; Topography of Rome; Triumphal Procession
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