Department: Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
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1.
ADDO, OPPONG YAW.
GENDER-BASED EFFECTS OF DIET MODIFICATION IN COMBINATION WITH AN AT-HOME EXERCISE REGIMEN ON PAIN AND JOINT MOBILITY IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the number one musculoskeletal disorder in the developed…
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▼ Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the number one musculoskeletal disorder in the developed world and it ranks among the top problems of the health care systems in developed countries. Osteoarthritis is estimated to cost western countries such as Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and France as well as Western Europe as high as 1-2.5% of the gross national product (GNP) of their economies. This figure is much higher in the United States where the CDC puts the total direct and indirect costs of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the US during 1997 at $86.2 billion, or 1% of the US gross domestic product. It is projected that by the year 2020; approximately 18.2% of Americans will be affected by arthritic disorders equaling 60 million people. The current price related to OA to the US economy is sad to say even higher and growing by the minute. Methods: A total of 63 subjects were randomly assigned to either the dietary modification only group or the dietary modification and exercise regimen group for a period of three months. Subjects made two visits to the assessment laboratory where anthropometric measurements, range of motion, and pain assessment were made. Additionally, subjects completed dietary, supplement use, and physical activity questionnaires. Subjects received relevant counseling on diet modification and incorporation of an at-home exercise regimen. Results: Baseline body weight and fat mass was higher in the nutrition alone group compared to nutrition and exercise group in both genders. No changes were seen in either of the two values after treatment in the two treatment groups. There was a significant reduction (p-value > 0.029) in current pain intensity from baseline to final. There were also reductions in all pain parameters assessed across both genders. After three months of intervention, nutrition and exercise intervention had more favorable effect (an improvement in knee range of motion) on extension than nutrition alone intervention group and that the effect of the combined intervention was significant (P= 0.041). Conclusion: Our study findings indicate that improvement in range of motion along with reduction in the level of pain can be achieved by individuals with knee pain associated with OA who modify their lifestyles by incorporating exercise coupled with dietary behavioral changes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Juma, Dr. Shanil.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition
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2.
Ahire, Shwetal.
Maternal adiposity and plasma concentrations of leptin and adiponectin.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► Objective: The purpose of this project was to determine the relationship of…
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▼ Objective: The purpose of this project was to determine the relationship of maternal adiposity to the adipokines, adiponectin and leptin.Design: Prospective cohort study. Subjects: Healthy, non-smoking pregnant women were recruited from the University Hospital's Obstetric Clinics (Cincinnati, Ohio) when they presented for their first prenatal visit in gestational week 8-16. Main Outcome measure:Anthropometric parameters, plasma leptin and adiponectin Methods: Healthy non-smoking pregnant women enrolled. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, mid-arm circumference, wrist circumference, skinfold thickness (biceps and thigh) were measured during early prenatal visit (8 to 16 weeks of gestation). Pre-pregnancy BMI (Body Mass Index) was obtained by self report. From the venous blood draw plasma leptin and adiponectin levels were analyzed (ELISA method). Bivariate correlation analysis was performed by using SPSS (Vs 14.0, Chicago, IL). Results: A strong positive association between pre pregnancy BMI and plasma leptin levels and a strong negative association between pre-pregnancy BMI and plasma adiponectin levels were found. Mid-arm circumference had a positive association with plasma leptin and a negative association with plasma adiponectin. Wrist circumference, biceps skinfold and thigh skinfold had a negative association with plasma adiponectin concentrations. Pre pregnancy BMI was significantly related to the anthropometric parameters measured in early pregnancy. Conclusion: Adiposity prior to pregnancy and during early pregnancy period was associated with higher levels of leptin and lower levels of adiponectin in early to mid pregnancy.
Advisors/Committee Members: Krummel, Debra.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: pregnancy, skinfold, leptin, adiponectin, obesity
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3.
Al-Rahawi, Denise A.
Intakes of Calcium and Vitamin D and the Relationship to Bone Health: Incidence and Prevalence of Osteoporosis.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Background: Over 200 million people world wide have osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a…
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▼ Background: Over 200 million people world wide have osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a major health care problem of the elderly and is the direct etiology of the increased morbidity and mortality in this population. It is generally considered a silent disease that demonstrates no clinical symptoms until later on when fractures occur as a result of extremely fragile and weak bones. The loss in the quality of life for people over 65 who have had osteoporosis-related fractures is staggering. Only a small percentage of those who fracture their hip return to full activity. The direct cost of osteoporosis and associated fractures is approximately $14 billion annually. If nothing changes, it is estimated that costs will increase to over $60 billion dollars annually. Many risk factors are associated with osteoporotic fractures including clinical, medical, behavioral, nutritional, and genetic variables. Methods: A total of 33 subjects, over the age of 55, were recruited from the University of Cincinnati’s Institute for Learning in Retirement. Participants filled out several questionnaires which included a health and medical questionnaire, physical activity questionnaire, bone health questionnaire and a supplement/medication use questionnaire. The subjects were also provided with a 3-day food diary to track their food intake. Demographic and anthropometric data such as gender, age, race, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), educational status, and bone health history were taken. Results: 42% of all the participants, both males and females, who had a normal to overweight BMI and whose ages were above 65 years old, were diagnosed with bone loss, while 19% of the these participants suffered bone fractures. Among the same gender though, 0% of males were diagnosed with osteopenia/osteoporosis while 55% of the females were experiencing bone loss. 5 of the 20 females suffered bone fractures while none were reported in the males group. Both males and females did not meet their RDAs for both calcium and vitamin D. Females who were diagnosed with bone loss were shown to have less physical activity levels than males who were free of the disease. Conclusion: Our study findings indicate that a dietary modification in combination with exercise could be very crucial in preventing the incidence of osteoporosis and the resulting fractures. A diet that is rich in calcium and vitamin D along with daily physical activity can be very beneficial for both genders to avoid the substantiating consequences of bone loss. Calcium and vitamin D intake, along with other minerals, coming from the dietary sources may be more effective in preventing loss of bone in the elderly than supplementation alone.
Advisors/Committee Members: Juma, Shanil.
Subjects: Health; Nutrition
Keywords: calcium and vitamin D; osteoporosis
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4.
ANDREWS, MARGARET E.
URBAN TEEN EATING AND ACTIVITY SURVEY.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine how the dietary…
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▼ Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine how the dietary patterns of a population of urban African-American adolescents compared to the recommended pattern of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005, and to examine associations between body mass index and meeting those recommendations. Subjects: The survey was administered to 82 predominantly African-American, inner-city, ninth-grade students attending a vocational public high school in Cincinnati, Ohio. Methods: Dietary and physical activity patterns were assessed by using a 56-item survey instrument consisting of questions about demographics, frequency and serving sizes of fruit, vegetables, dairy products and grains, and frequency and duration of physical activity, administered in a single class period. Results: Fourteen percent of the sample had a body mass index (BMI) classified as overweight, 28% as at-risk of overweight and 59% as normal weight. The percentages of students who met the Dietary Guidelines were 40% for fruit, 42% for total vegetables, 35% for dark green vegetables, 20% for orange vegetables, 10% for legumes, 17% for whole grains, and 8% for low-fat dairy. Seventy-three percent met the physical activity recommendation. Meeting the recommendations for the food groups was not significantly related to body mass index. Logistic regression with the food groups and exercise entered into the model, showed only exercise as a significant predictor of a healthy BMI. Conclusions: The high prevalence of students in the at-risk of overweight classification, as well as the low prevalence of meeting dietary recommendations suggests that urban African-American adolescents should be reached with appropriate interventions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Krummel, Debra A.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition
Keywords: Adolescents; nutrition surveys; body-mass index; body weight; nutritional requirements; food; questionnaires; African-Americans; nutrition
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5.
BIJU, NIMMI.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY SUPPLEMENT USE AND JOINT FUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SELF-REPORTED KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the number one musculoskeletal disorder in the developed…
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▼ Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the number one musculoskeletal disorder in the developed world and it ranks among the top problems of the health care systems in developed countries. In the United States more than 13% of persons aged 55 to 64 years and more than 17% of those aged 65 to 74 years have OA-related pain and disability. This imposes an enormous economic burden, with total costs attributable to arthritis in 1997 estimated at $86 billion. It is projected tat by the year 2020; approximately 18.2% of Americans will be affected by arthritis disorders equaling 60 million people. Persons with knee and other joint pain often take over-the-counter nutritional supplements available in grocery stores, in drug stores, or online for treatment of their joint pain. There are numerous biological mechanisms by which nutritional factors may exert favorable influences on pathophysiological processes in osteoarthritis. Methods: A total of 63 subjects, between the ages of 46 –68 participated in this study. Subjects were recruited regardless of sex, ethnicity and race. A health and medical history questionnaire was completed by the participants. Study participants also filled out vitamin/mineral supplement use questionnaire, physical activity questionnaire and the pain assessment questionnaire. Anthropometric data including height, weight and body composition were also recorded. Results: Results indicated that men tended to take slightly more supplements than women. Women tended to experience higher pain intensity characteristics than males. Hence the perceived effect of using different supplements in reducing pain may be greater in males than females. However, there is no significant decrease on pain parameters in male and female subjects. There was also no significant difference in the values of flexion and abduction in either knee across the genders when corrected for supplement use levels. Conclusion: Our study findings indicate that dietary supplements may not be effective in the treatment of pain or joint flexibility related to self-reported knee osteoarthritis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Juma, Dr. Shanil.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition
Keywords: Dietary Supplements, Joint function Osteoarthritis
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6.
CARBONARO, DANIELLE P.
Designing a Database and Pilot Testing to Properly Track Food Group Consumption in Overweight/Obese Postpartum Women Enrolled in a Dietary Intervention Study.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Purpose. To develop and pilot test an easy-to-use procedure for food grouping…
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▼ Purpose. To develop and pilot test an easy-to-use procedure for food grouping dietary recalls and to determine average vegetable serving amounts. Background. The rate of obesity has climbed to epidemic proportions with women of child-bearing age accumulating most of their obesity related weight gain during pregnancy. Dietary interventions focused on increasing the consumption of nutrient-dense vegetables can help postpartum women learn healthy eating practices while losing excess weight. Database Development. This system was developed to correlate study outcomes with the study database by using the pre-determined food grouping ability of NDSR with a procedure to determine average serving amounts of target vegetables. Results. Pilot testing of the database and system showed that accurate serving amounts of the target vegetables were determined by following the developed procedure. Quality assurance review of the database procedure and pilot test reinforced the system's efficiency and accuracy with determining average serving amounts of the target vegetables.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Grace.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: food grouping; dietary intervention; NDSR
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7.
Dangelo, Krista Nicole.
Nutrient Adequacy of Low versus High Carbohydrate Diets for Older Adults.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► Purpose. To determine if an older adult can meet their Dietary Reference…
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▼ Purpose. To determine if an older adult can meet their Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI’s) for selected vitamins and minerals and achieve an adequate macronutrient distribution range after being counseled on a high carbohydrate diet compared to those counseled on a low carbohydrate diet. Methods. Twenty six older adults were randomly selected into a high carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet group. Both groups completed food records 5 days prior to intervention as well as during the 6 week time period they were following a high or low carbohydrate diet. Nutrition information was entered from written food records and analyzed using Minnesota Nutrition Data Systems for Research software. To determine the dietary adequacy of the high carbohydrate versus low carbohydrate diet groups, mean differences for weight, body mass index (BMI), fiber, calories, macronutrients and micronutrients were compared using Students’ t-tests for each nutrient at baseline, 3-weeks, and 6-weeks. An analysis of the group prevalence of inadequacy using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cutoff point method was also completed. Results. There were no significant differences between groups for nutrient intake at baseline. The low carbohydrate group consumed greater amounts of fat and protein, while the high carbohydrate group consumed more calories and fiber during the 6-week study. At week 6 significant differences in intake of vitamin C, thiamin, niacin, vitamin B-6, folate, magnesium, iron, and potassium were observed between groups. Using the EAR cutoff, the prevalence of inadequacy of vitamin C, B-6, thiamin, niacin, folate, and magnesium was significantly higher in the low carbohydrate group compared to the high carbohydrate group. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that a low carbohydrate diet (≤ 20 g) should not be recommended for the older adult for an extended period of time without proper supplementation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Couch, Sarah.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: low carbohydrate; older adult; nutrition
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8.
DEAN, KELLY L.
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF DIETARY CHARACTERISTICS OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN RELATION TO OBSETRICAL OUTCOME.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► Objective: To complete analysis of data from the Miami Valley Project (1967-1971),…
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▼ Objective: To complete analysis of data from the Miami Valley Project (1967-1971), observing dietary characteristics during pregnancy and obstetric outcomes. Subjects: 101 pregnant women (51% Black, 29% Appalachian, 14% White, and 6% American Indian) attending the Cincinnati General Hospital Obstetrics Clinic from 1970 to 1971. Methods: Dietary, demographic and medical information was collected by 24-hour recall, interview using a script, and from medical charts after delivery. Dietary analysis was performed using the Minnesota Nutrition Data System software and the appropriate historical standards of the time. Multivariate regressions were used to evaluate the effects of maternal diet on pregnancy or infant outcomes. Results: Among 101 pregnancies, the rates of adverse outcomes were lower than 2002 national rates, except for congenital defects (7.9% versus 3.0%). Protein intake inversely predicted gestational weight gain, infant birthweight and head circumference. Conclusion: This study completes analysis of the Miami Valley Project, describing a Midwest pregnant population.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Dr. Grace.
Keywords: pregnancy; nutrition; dietary intake; obstetric outcome; Basic Four Food Groups; 24-hour recall; gestational weight gain; protein intake; birthweight; congential defects
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9.
DOSSENBACK, MARCY L.
APPLYING STANDARDIZED PATIENT METHODOLOGY TO TEACH AND EVALUATE THE COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF NUTRITION AND PHARMACY STUDENTS.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► Standardized patient activities are a sophisticated tool for presenting clinical scenarios and…
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▼ Standardized patient activities are a sophisticated tool for presenting clinical scenarios and simulations to students. Medical student educators use standardized patients as a valid and reliable instrument to teach and evaluate the communication skills of medical students and residents. However, much remains unknown about how this approach has been applied in other disciplines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of standardized patients to teach and evaluate the communication and interviewing skills to interdisciplinary groups of nutrition (n=19) and pharmacy (n=24) students. Student groups were given instructions to prepare questions for the standardized patient related to medical history, dietary intake, and medication use. Student groups interviewed a standardized patient presenting with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Following this activity, five focus groups were conducted to examine how students, working together as an interdisciplinary team, used their communication skills to conduct the standardized patient interview. Focus group transcripts were analyzed for themes. Themes common to both nutrition and pharmacy students included the recognition of the standardized patient activity as a performance predictor of and applicability to future patient encounters. Nutrition and pharmacy students indicated the activity was a valuable learning experience that revealed the importance of an interdisciplinary approach. Each group positively described developing rapport with the standardized patient and acquiring confidence with their interviewing skills. Nutrition students reported anxiety and nervousness, particularly related to the grade associated with this didactic activity. Pharmacy students voiced an interest in the continuity of care specific to the case. As a way to learn more about the process that occurs after the initial interview, pharmacy students indicated an interest in working with their nutrition counterpart to conduct a follow-up interview with the standardized patient. This project demonstrated that a standardized patient experience to teach communication and interviewing skills to nutrition and pharmacy students was a useful interdisciplinary approach to prepare students for future patient encounters.
Advisors/Committee Members: Goody, Dr. Cynthia M.
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10.
Farrell, Brian M.
Body Composition Changes and Work-Efficiency Effects from Diet Modification and Incorporation of an At-Home Exercise Regimen.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► Background: Obesity has been identified as one of the more serious health…
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▼ Background: Obesity has been identified as one of the more serious health risk factors facing many individuals and society as a whole. The cost that is associated with the loss of life and medical expenses is significantly greater than that of smoking, excessive drinking, and poverty. In a working population, to stay economically viable and healthy, exercise and physical activity need to be a part of daily lifestyle to maintain both healthy body weight and composition and to prevent negative work effects. Obesity leads to reduced productivity and efficiency at the workplace, and leads to greater healthcare costs for companies. The cost of obesity in healthcare encompasses direct costs such as missed days to indirect costs from increased doctor visits and medications for health complications from obesity. There are numerous studies that support the fact that a modest reduction in weight can improve risk factors of obesity.Methods: A Physical Activity Pamphlet (PAP) was developed to assist employees in service industries with Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 25kg/m2 to make healthier choices about their weekly exercise patterns. The guide centers around adding more steps, burning more calories, and incorporating more exercise in simple ways. There is also a reference to MyPyramid.gov for nutritional advice and dietary suggestions. A Physical Activity Assessment Tool (PAAT) was also developed to measure the impact the PAP could have on changing the behavior of the employee group in making healthier choices. Conclusion: Studies of wellness programs in work settings have shown results of improving healthy behaviors of those that participate in the program. Wellness programs offer nutrition interventions and exercise advice, which include a variety of education tools to improve participant knowledge so they can make healthier choices. Implementing these changes would benefit both employees and their employers. It would aid employees by increasing job satisfaction, efficiency, and motivation, and reducing absenteeism rates. It would benefit employers by decreasing absenteeism, improving efficiency of work force, and improved overall morale at the workplace. This study would have shown that a change in diet and implementing a physical activity regimen would help to reduce weight and favorably change body composition, which would lower risks for chronic diseases and costs associated with obesity.
Advisors/Committee Members: Juma, Shanil.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: physical activity; wellness; body composition; nutrition; exercise; obesity
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11.
FLAIG, VICKY RENEE.
COMPARISON OF SEGMENTAL MEASUREMENTS TO HEIGHT, WEIGHT, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND PERCENT BODY FAT IN A NORMAL POPULATION AGED 0-21 YEARS.
Degree: MEd, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► The most widely used anthropmetric measurements to monitor growth are those of…
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▼ The most widely used anthropmetric measurements to monitor growth are those of stature (height or length) and body weight. These measurements are non-invasive, easy, reproducible and extremely sensitive to the evaluation of growth and development. Current references for these growth parameters originate from the National Center of Health Statistics (NCHS) growth charts. However, for the population who has developmental disabilities, namely myelomeningocele and cerebral palsy, these simple anthropometric measurements can prove to be difficult to obtain, as well as, inaccurate. Inaccuracies and difficulties stem from joint contractors, scoliosis, scar tissue or paralysis common with the aforementioned diseased states. Research has shown those segmental measurements of the upper arm length, knee height and arm span are highly correlated with height. There also have been correlations made between waist circumference and weight. The purpose of this cross sectional study id to gather data from a typically developing population in order to develop viable growth grids for upper arm length for age, knee height for age, arm span for age and waist circumference for age. Previous gradate student at the University of Cincinnati have collected this data plus other data on 792 subjects. The current study will bring the total subject count to approximately1004. For males and females 0-21, the following significant correlation values for segmental measurements to age were found: arm span to age r=. 94, r=. 93 respectively; upper arm length to age r=. 95, r=. 91 respectively; knee height to age r=. 93, r=. 90 respectively; and waist circumference to age r=. 86 males. Significant correlations for segmental measurements to height to for males and females were found as well: arm span to height r=.99, r=. 99 respectively; upper arm length to height r=. 95, r=. 93, respectively; and knee height r=. 97, r=. 97 respectively. For males and d females aged 0-21, significant correlations were seen with alternative measurements for weight: weight to waist circumference r=. 92, r=. 89, respectively and percent body fat to triceps skinfold r=. 93, r=. 91.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ekvall, Shirley.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition
Keywords: anthropometric; segmental; measurements
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12.
Gahl, Jessica Kohls.
A Theory-Based, Dietary Intervention Focused on Increasing Vegetable Consumption in Postpartum Mothers and Infants.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► Background: Overweight (BMI greater than 25) and obesity (BMI greater than 30)…
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▼ Background: Overweight (BMI greater than 25) and obesity (BMI greater than 30) have reached epidemic proportions in the United States, positioning obesity at the forefront of the nation's health agenda as a critical public health threat. The pregnancy and post-partum periods in women have been identified as stages which may contribute to future obesity. The diets of most Americans are high in calories, fat, and sugar, and low in nutrient dense, low-calorie foods, such as fruits and vegetables. Diets high in vegetables and fruits are linked to reduced risk for chronic disease. Fruit and vegetables are nutrient-dense and low in calories and have recently been associated with reduced risk of major weight gain and obesity development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a dietary intervention on increasing vegetable consumption in breast-feeding (BF) and formula feeding (FF) postpartum mothers to aid in attaining a healthy weight. There was no control group in this intervention study as this study was involved in the preparatory stage for a larger study. It was expected that after completion of the program, both groups of mothers would consume more vegetables attributable in part to an increase in vegetable preference and self-efficacy in purchasing, preparing and consuming vegetables. Methods: Postpartum mothers (N=47) were recruited for a dietary intervention with focus on increasing vegetable intake to aid in attaining a healthy weight. The intervention consisted of a pre-evaluation session, nutrition education program, and a post-evaluation session. Results: BF mothers significantly increased their self-efficacy in vegetable selection, preparation and consumption (p=0.01) and FF mothers demonstrated a trend towards increasing self-efficacy (p=0.06). Both groups significantly increased intake of Total Target Vegetables (BF, p= 0.03; FF, p =0.01), Other Vegetables (BF, p= 0.05; FF, p=0.05) and All Vegetables (BF, p=0.01; FF, p=0.01), increasing a total of 1.8 servings for BF and 2.2 servings for FF beyond baseline for all vegetables. Conclusion: A theory-based dietary intervention is effective in increasing vegetable consumption in postpartum women.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Dr. Grace A.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition
Keywords: Postpartum; Vegetable consumption; Weight management; Postpartum weight retention
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13.
HEISLER, TAMARA A.
Validation of multi-call 24-hour dietary recall in mildly cognitively impaired older adults.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Purpose. A thesis presented on the relationship between subjects with mild cognitive…
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▼ Purpose. A thesis presented on the relationship between subjects with mild cognitive impairment and their ability to recall food. The significance of this study is to provide a method of dietary intake data collection from individuals with a cognitive impairment, allowing for a more accurate characterization of dietary intake of the elderly population. Methods. Twelve mild cognitively impaired older adults completed a 2-day food record and a 2-day multi-call 24-hour dietary recall at 3 times points, over 7 weeks. For each participant, a 2-day food record assisted recall was obtained from a surrogate reporter (spouse), at the same time points. The relationship between the nutrient profiles obtained from the different dietary assessment methods was compared by student's t-test. Results. The multi-call recall method yielded higher values for energy and magnesium at time 2, when compared with 2-day food records. When compared to the surrogate recall the multi-call recall yielded higher values for magnesium and iron at time 2. Conclusion. Overall, depending on the nutrient of intake, the findings suggest that the multi-call 24-hour dietary recall method is a valid approach to obtaining the dietary intake of participants over the age of 65 with mild cognitive impairment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Couch, Sarah.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: dietary assessment, multi-call recall, elderly, cognitive impairement
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14.
Hessling, Jennifer.
Carbohydrate Consumption, Insulin Dosing and Glucose Abnormalities in a Hospitalized Population.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2010, University of Cincinnati
► A frequently cited concern is the occurrence of hyperglycemia in the inpatient…
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▼ A frequently cited concern is the occurrence of hyperglycemia in the inpatient hospital setting in patients with or without pre-diagnosed diabetes. Existing evidence shows when compared to patient with normal glucose levels, patients experiencing hyperglycemia and have another comorbidity requiring hospitalization need two to four times the length of stay and also an increased risk of developing other complications including morbidity and mortality. This study identifies the possible gaps in care that may result from poor glucose management by examining the diet, blood glucose levels and insulin administration. Eighty-two participants were drawn from the general medical ward and tray tickets, 24 hour food recall, the MAR and patient charts were used to collect data. Referrals from the floor dietitian were made based on exclusion and inclusion criteria and interviews conducted. Data obtained from the chart review of insulin dosing and administration, food recalls and patient interviews. Insulin should ideally be adjusted based on the amount of the meal consumed and what proportion of the meal is carbohydrate but findings were consistent with the hypothesis in that insulin dose was not being adjusted based on carbohydrate consumption as insulin administration usually takes place before the meal. An understanding of carbohydrate content in foods may help nursing, dietetics and all medical professionals optimize care for this patient population. Data from this study highlighted research gaps that may be taken into consideration for future research studies to optimize insulin administration for improved glucose control.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Graciela.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: hyperglycemia; hospital setting; glucose abnormalities
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15.
Horner, Stacie Lynn.
Assessing Dietary Variety in School-Aged Children: Can Three 24-Hour Interval and Consecutive Diet Recalls Predict Dietary Variety Similar to 15 Days of 24-hour Diet Recalls?.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► Objective: Confirm addition of dietary variety slows after 15 days; determine whether…
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▼ Objective: Confirm addition of dietary variety slows after 15 days; determine whether three interval 24-hour recalls can capture dietary variety similar to the gold standard 15 days and better than 3 consecutive days. Subjects: Recruited from an elementary school and included children aged 9-12 (n=72). Methods: Fifteen 24-hour recalls were obtained for each subject and three scores calculated for each student: 15 consecutive, 3 interval, and 3 consecutive-day dietary variety scores (DVS). 15-day DVS were predicted from 3 days. Results: Dietary variety levels off after 15 days. Average 15-day cumulative DVS was 43.3; three-day averages were 20.4 and 18.6 from interval and consecutive-day methods respectively. Average predicted 15-day cumulative DVS was 43.4 and 42.5 from 3 interval and 3 consecutive days respectively. Conclusion: DVS can be predicted from 3 days using predictive equations and interval day method was more accurate and precise. This study created and validated predictive equations for 4th and 5th grade population.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Dr. Grace.
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16.
HUIET, TRACY LYNN.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIETARY VARIETY AND DIETARY FREQUENCY WITHIN FOOD GROUPS AND BMI IN CHILDREN AGES 9 - 11 YEARS.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► Purpose. To determine the association between dietary variety and dietary frequency among…
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▼ Purpose. To determine the association between dietary variety and dietary frequency among food groups and BMI in children age 9-11 years. Methods. 53 fourth and fifth grade parochial school children completed 24 hour food recalls for 15 consecutive days. The relationship between food variety and frequency and BMI were assessed at 3, 7, and 15 consecutive days. Results. The association between increased dietary variety and increased BMI where inconsistent among the 3, 7, and 15 consecutive days. A significant positive relationship was found between increased dietary frequency and increased BMI at 7 and 15 consecutive days. Conclusion. Overall average dietary variety is not associated with an increased BMI in children ages 9-11 years. Increased dietary frequency among food groups is associated with an increased BMI in children ages 9-11 years.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Dr. Grace.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition
Keywords: Nutrition; Food; Frequency; Variety; Children
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17.
Jenny, Lee.
The Relationship between Food Monitoring and Dietary and Blood Pressure Changes in Youth Participating in a Behavioral Nutrition Intervention focused on a DASH-type Diet.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► Objective: Examine the relationship between food monitoring and change in fruit and…
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▼ Objective: Examine the relationship between food monitoring and change in fruit and vegetable, low-fat dairy, and DASH unfriendly food servings and in relative blood pressure in youth participating in a nutrition intervention focused on the DASH diet.Subjects: A subset of the participant's data reported by Couch et al. (2008) was used. Only participants who were in the DASH intervention group who completed the intervention or through the follow-up were considered. Participants were adolescents aged 11 to 18 with diagnosed pre-hypertension or hypertension. Study Design: Participants were randomly assigned to a behavioral nutrition intervention focused on the DASH diet or routine nutrition care. Methods: Participant food trackers were coded and six components of food self-monitoring were derived: actual days of food recording, foods described, foods with an amount, recording sufficiency for foods recorded, recording sufficiency for foods described and recording sufficiency for foods with an amount. Changes in servings of fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy foods, and unfriendly foods were assessed using 3 multi-pass 24-hour food recalls. Relative blood pressure change was calculated as post-treatment (or follow-up) blood pressure minus baseline blood pressure divided by baseline blood pressure. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between actual days of food recording and change in intake of unfriendly food servings (r=-0.56, p=0.01). Correlations that trended towards significance included: actual days of food recording, recording sufficiency for foods with an amount and foods described and change in intake of fruit and vegetable servings (r=0.36, p=0.09; r=0.35, p=0.10; r=0.34, p=0.10). There was a non-significant trend toward a difference between high versus low recording sufficiency for foods recorded and relative change in systolic blood pressure (p=0.09) and change in intake of low-fat dairy servings (p=0.06) post- intervention. There was a non-significant trend toward a difference between high versus low recording sufficiency for foods described and relative change in systolic blood pressure (p=0.09) and change in intake of low-fat dairy servings (p=0.06) post- intervention. There was also a non-significant trend toward a difference between high and low recording sufficiency for food amounts and change in low-fat dairy servings (p=0.09) and change in DASH unfriendly food servings (p=0.10) post-intervention. Conclusion: The concept of DASH unfriendly foods was hard for subjects to understand, but repeatedly recording foods drew awareness to and understanding of this food category. More days of recording some foods appeared to be related to increasing intake of fruits and vegetables (two food groups important in lowering blood pressure). Describe and giving amounts for foods was important in helping adolescents increase intake of fruits and vegetables too. A more complex level of recording was necessary to effect changes in blood pressure and changes in low-fat dairy servings likely because in order to effect these outcomes subjects needed a good understanding of the DASH diet, and recording and describing 5 or more foods more frequently enabled this understanding.
Advisors/Committee Members: Couch, Sarah.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: DASH; Food Monitoring; Behavioral Nutrition Intervention
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18.
Jordan, SuElla M.
Development of Intervention Curricula to Educate Breastfeeding and Nonbreastfeeding Mothers on How to Increase Their Vegetable Consumption and to Introduce Vegetables to Their Infants.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Background: The dietary choices we make as adults are greatly influenced by…
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▼ Background: The dietary choices we make as adults are greatly influenced by our food exposures during childhood. Most Americans do not meet the daily recommendations for vegetables. Diets low in the nutrients found in vegetables have been linked to chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. It is important to introduce a variety of vegetables in infancy so that affinity for vegetables may be permanently established early on. Curricula: Two curricula were developed, one for breast-feeding mothers and one for bottle-feeding mothers. Both curricula include three modules of information designed to increase the vegetable consumption of the mothers and their children. Behavior modification guidance, patterned after the Social Cognitive Theory, is incorporated at the end of each module. Evaluation: Evaluation of the breastfeeding curriculum found the mothers goals and objectives were clearly defined. Both curricula effectively supply the information each mother needs to increase her family’s vegetable intake.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Grace.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: vegetable consumption; lactating mothers; intervention curriculum
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19.
Kemer, Ann Marie.
Is the Postpartum Period a Teachable Time for Improving Diet Quality?.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► Background: The significant number of people overweight (BMI > 25) and obese…
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▼ Background: The significant number of people overweight (BMI > 25) and obese (BMI >30) have reached an epidemic in the United States which places obesity at the forefront of the nation's public health concerns. Pregnancy and postpartum periods in a woman's life have been identified as stages which can lead to overweight or obesity. The diets of many Americans are high in calories and fat, and low in vegetable and fruit intake, and other low-calorie foods. Diets that are high in vegetable intake are helpful to assist in weight management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition intervention on increasing vegetable consumption in breastfeeding and formula feeding postpartum mothers. Postpartum mothers are very busy adjusting and taking care of the baby and the appropriate time to educate mothers on healthy eating is in question. Therefore this study is assessing whether postpartum is a teachable time for mothers to be provided nutrition education. It was expected that at post treatment, both breastfeeding and formula feeding mothers would consume more vegetables, within the context of a healthy diet. Methods: A total of 47 breastfeeding and formula feeding mothers were recruited for this theory-based dietary intervention. The nutrition education provided to both groups occurred over a four-month period and consisted of one face-to-face counseling session, two follow-up motivational interviews by phone, and three pamphlets mailed to their homes. Strategies for increasing self-efficacy, goal setting, and self-monitoring were part of the curriculum. Results: Breastfeeding mothers significantly increased their self-efficacy in obtaining, preparing and consuming vegetables (p=0.01) and formula feeding mothers demonstrated a trend towards increasing self- efficacy (p=0.08). Both groups significantly increased intake of total target vegetables (BF, p=0.03; FF p=0.01), other vegetables (p=0.05; FF p=0.04), and all vegetables (BF p=0.01; FF p=0.01), increasing a total of 1.8 servings for breastfeeding and 2.2 servings for formula feeding beyond baseline consumption for all vegetables. Conclusion: a theory-based dietary intervention is effective in increasing vegetable intake and improving the quality of diet, indicating postpartum is a teachable time for nutrition education.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Grace.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: postpartum weight retention; improve quality of diet; vegetables; postpartum; diet intervention
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20.
KNAUF, KIMBERLY A.
THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED USE OF FAT-MODIFIED FOODS ON OVERALL DIET QUALITY IN CHILDREN WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► The dietary implementation guidelines for the Step I Diet suggest encouraging patients…
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▼ The dietary implementation guidelines for the Step I Diet suggest encouraging patients with high cholesterol to incorporate low-fat products into their diet to meet daily fat recommendations. This study examined the impact of high versus low fat-modified food (FMF) use on overall diet quality in children with high cholesterol. Children with hypercholesterolemia (mean age, 9.2 + 3.0) were recruited from the Cholesterol Center at Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH. Children completed a 3-day food record prior to their initial visit at the Center, were counseled on the Step 1 Diet, and completed a 3-day food record again for their 1 year follow-up visit. Food records were analyzed for overall diet quality using the Minnesota Nutrient Data Systems software (NDS, version 2.9) and for the number of FMFs used daily (Heimbach et al., 1998). Children were divided into 2 groups based on the number of FMFs used at their initial visit and at 1 year: high FMF (HFMF) users (FMF > 2 per day, n=21) or low FMF (LFMF) users (FMF < 2 per day, n=30). Diets of HFMF users were lower in total fat and saturated fat but higher in calcium and vitamin D at their initial visit and 1 year after receiving formal nutrition counseling on the Step 1 Diet compared to the LFMF users. This greater nutrient intake and lower fat intake was likely attributed to a greater consumption of skim milk, low fat milk and low fat frozen desserts among the HFMF users versus the LFMF users. Overall, HFMF use was associated with improvements in the diet quality of children with hyperlipidemia.
Advisors/Committee Members: Couch, Sarah C.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition
Keywords: Children; Hyperlipidemia; Fat-Modified Foods; Diet
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21.
LATTIN, BARBARA.
EFFICACY OF THE DASH DIET TO MANAGE BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG ADOLESCENTS: CASE STUDY FINDINGS.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► Background: Hypertension is the most commonly diagnosed and treated health problem in…
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▼ Background: Hypertension is the most commonly diagnosed and treated health problem in the United States1. It is a recognized risk factor for heart failure, kidney disease, and premature death. Current recommendations for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure emphasize lifestyle modifications. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is currently considered one of the most effective non-pharmacological treatments for controlling blood pressure in adults. The Task Force on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents suggests as many as five percent of the pediatric population has high blood pressure. The current treatment recommendation for children and adolescents diagnosed with elevated blood pressure is lifestyle change, including a low sodium diet, increased physical activity, weight loss, and the DASH diet. To date, the effectiveness of the DASH diet for children and adolescents has not been determined. Methods: After an extensive literature review, it was determined an age-appropriate curriculum was needed. The DASH-4-Teens curriculum was developed based on the DASH principals (tailored to the dietary requirements of adolescents) and the Social Cognitive Theory, which has proven to be effective in guiding adolescents to change unhealthy dietary behaviors. The intervention includes a telephone and mail-based behavior modification component that can be easily added into the standard clinic-based treatment protocol. Results: A clinical trial designed by the Department of Nutritional Science at the University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Hypertension Center is ongoing. The four adolescents that have completed the DASH-4-Teens intervention have experienced blood pressure reductions (10mmHg/systolic, 2 mmHg/diastolic)consistent with reductions (11mmHg/systolic, 5mmHg/diastolic) in adults that participated in the DASH feeding trials and the reductions (2mmHg/systolic; 7.4mmHg/diastolic) found in free-living adults participating in the PREMIER Trial. Conclusions: The results to date support the efficacy of the DASH-4-Teens curriculum developed for this study in managing blood pressure among adolescents.
Advisors/Committee Members: Couch, Dr. Sarah.
Keywords: Blood Pressure; Adolescents; DASH Diet
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22.
MACMULLEN, ANN E.
A REGIONAL SURVEY DIRECTED TO STUDY THE USE OF PROTEIN RESTRICTION IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► This research identified nutritional practices of Midwestern dietitians related to protein restriction…
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▼ This research identified nutritional practices of Midwestern dietitians related to protein restriction in the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy (HE). A survey was sent to 250 randomly selected members of the Ohio Board of Dietetics. Results were analyzed to determine characteristics of the sample, frequency of treatment of patients with HE, and amount of protein recommended. Of dietitians who completed the survey and responded to having treated patients with HE within the past year, the mean recommended protein level was 0.9 g (gram) /kg IBW (kilogram ideal body weight)/d (day)+ .24. This level was below the European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition recommendations for chronic HE of 1.2 -1.5g/kg IBW/d protein intake in most cases, and the American Dietetic Association recommendations for chronic HE up to 1.5g/kg IBW/d based on patients tolerance. These results suggest the need for continuing education to provide optimal nutritional treatment to patients with HE.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Dr. Grace.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition
Keywords: Hepatic Encephalopathy; Nutrition
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23.
Moussa, Iman.
Behavioral Skills Compliance and Blood Pressure Outcomes in Adolescents with Elevated Blood Pressure Participating in a Dietary Intervention Focusing on the DASH Diet.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of actual and perceived compliance of hypertensive…
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▼ PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of actual and perceived compliance of hypertensive adolescents to a behavioral intervention that emphasized fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy and low sodium food (DASH-intervention) versus routine hospital-based nutrition care for treating pediatric hypertension (Routine Care) on change in blood pressure.METHODS: Fourty-six adolescents were randomly assigned to either the Routine Care (RC) (n=23) or the DASH-intervention (n=24). The perceived compliance of adolescents to the behavioral skills of dietary self monitoring, goal setting, meeting food goals, overcoming barriers, and action planning was measured using an 18-item questionnaire. The questionnaire items were rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1, “never” to 5, “very often”. Actual compliance was assessed for DASH participants only and was measured by counting the number of contacts between participant and dietitian/telephone interventionist and the number of food records completed. RESULTS: As compared to the RC participants, DASH participants had a greater increase in the perceived compliance to all behavioral skills measured at post-treatment and at 3-months follow-up. Correlation and regression analyses for DASH participants only showed no significant associations between the perceived compliance to the behavior skills measured and change in blood pressure at post-treatment or follow-up. For actual compliance, there was no significant association between the actual compliance measures and change in blood pressure at post-treatment and 3-months follow up. CONCLUSION: This study showed that DASH participants have significantly greater increase in perceived compliance to behavioral skills of dietary self monitoring, goal setting, meeting food goals, overcoming barriers, and action planning than the RC participants. However, there was no significant association between perceived or actual compliance to behavioral skills taught as part of the DASH intervention and change in blood pressure. A study with larger sample size might be needed to investigate the association between perceived compliance, actual compliance and blood pressure outcomes and examine the factors that influence the adherence of adolescents to the intervention program and DASH dietary plan.
Advisors/Committee Members: Couch, Sarah.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: Blood Pressure; SBP; DASH; hypertension; Adolescents; Blood; DASH participants
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24.
Musk Pabst, Stephanie Rene.
FOOD NEOPHOBIA IN FAMILIES: MAJOR FOOD PREPARER - CHILD COMPARISONS AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH DIET QUALITY.
Degree: MEd, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► Objectives: To determine the characteristics of food neophobia in children and whether…
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▼ Objectives: To determine the characteristics of food neophobia in children and whether the diet quality of the major food preparer impacts the trait of food neophobia in their child. Design: Participants were categorized as neophobic or non-neophobic as determined by the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS). They were asked to respond to ten items on a 7-point Likert scale to rate their feelings toward novel (unfamiliar) foods. In addition, participants recorded food and beverage intake over a three-day period to assess diet quality. Subjects: Thirty-three fifth and sixth grade students from one public school district in Cincinnati, Ohio and their major food preparer. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using Pearson product moment correlations and regression analysis. Results: The food neophobia scores of children were directly related to the food neophobia scores of their major food preparers, younger children were not more neophobic than older children, and girls reported higher scores on the FNS than boys. Specific measures of the major food preparers diet quality such as, the total fat component of the HEI, total HEI score, and the total number of different foods consumed influence the trait of food neophobia in their child. Children with neophobia have higher intakes of saturated fat than non-neophobic children. Applications: Food choices made by the major food preparer affect the diet quality of their child. Parents should be role models to their children by incorporating more novel foods into their own diets. Dietitians and health promotion programs should educate parents and children on the importance of including a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and grains in their diet.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Dr. Grace.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition
Keywords: food nephobia; dietary variety; major food preparer and child
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25.
MUZAFFAR, HENNA.
COMBINED EFFECTS OF DIET AND EXERCISE INTERVENTION ON SELF-REPORTED KNEE PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► Background: Osteoarthritis ranks among the top three health care problems in the…
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▼ Background: Osteoarthritis ranks among the top three health care problems in the developed world. It is a leading cause of disability in the elderly population and the relative economic impact of this condition has reached 2.5 percent of the gross national product. Lifestyle changes including nutrition and physical activity are now recommended as the first line of treatment for osteoarthritis. Vitamin A, C, D, and E have shown beneficial effects because of their anti-oxidant capacity and role in the metabolism of bone and cartilage. The American College of Rheumatology recommends moderate intensity exercise as it helps to decrease pain, increase muscle strength and improve physical function. However, the combined impact of dietary and exercise intervention needs to be investigated further. Methods: A total of 60 subjects were randomly assigned to either the dietary modification only group or the dietary modification/exercise regimen group for a period of three months. They made two visits to the assessment laboratory where anthropometric measurements were taken, five questionnaires were administered, and subjects received relevant counseling. Results: After three months of intervention, the nutrition and exercise intervention had a significant effect on extension (P= 0.041). There was no difference in flexion from baseline to final in either of the treatments groups or between the treatment groups. The nutrition and exercise intervention in comparison to nutrition alone was also associated with a greater reduction in pain from baseline to follow up (p= 0.02). Conclusion: In summary, the findings of this study suggest that lifestyle modifications which focus on changes in dietary and exercise behaviors can improve joint mobility via positive changes in the range of motion and pain of the knee afflicted with osteoarthritis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Juma, Shanil.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition
Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Knee Pain
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26.
Neganov, Nadezhda I.
Infant Consumption and Enjoyment of Carrots, Peas, Green Beans, Squash and Sweet Potatoes as Related to the Effects of a Dietary Intervention which Focused on Vegetable Intake in Post-Partum Mothers.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Objective: This study compares the consumption and degree of enjoyment of a…
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▼ Objective: This study compares the consumption and degree of enjoyment of a range of vegetables (carrots, squash, peas, green beans, sweet potatoes) by breastfed and formula fed infants, when these vegetables were first introduced to them and throughout further feedings. The objective of the study was to examine if breast fed infants’ prior exposure to the aforementioned vegetable flavors via the breast milk, prompted them to accept and enjoy those vegetables more often as compared to their formula-fed counterparts. Subjects: 47 post-partum women and their infants (28 breast feeding, and 19 formula feeding mothers), recruited at their 6 week post-partum follow-up visit at the Samaritan OB/GYN office at the Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. Methods: This study was a four month long, behavior theory-based nutritional intervention. Breast feeding and formula feeding mothers were recruited at their 6 week post-partum follow-up visit, when their infants were 1 ½ months old. Both groups, breast and formula feeding, received the same nutrition education consisting of: a face-to-face counseling session with a dietitian, two motivational follow-up phone calls conducted by a dietitian, and three encouraging/informational mailings. The purpose of the face-to-face counseling session was behavior change for the mother. The curriculum focused on goal setting, self-efficacy and self-monitoring which were geared toward increased vegetable consumption, particularly of carrots, peas, green beans, squash and sweet potatoes. Mothers’ vegetable consumption was evaluated pre- and post-intervention with 3-day food records. At the end of four months, when the infants were about 6 months old, mothers were asked questions regarding the infant’s vegetable exposure, preference, consumption amount and frequency in order to evaluate if the vegetable flavors in the breast milk influenced the infant’s acceptance of vegetables. Results: There was no significant difference between the breast and formula feeding groups in the percent of infants that were offered vegetables and the mean age at which they were offered vegetables. There was no significant difference in the percent of vegetables liked, percent of vegetables enjoyed and mean number of vegetables consumed by the infants in the breast fed vs. formula fed groups. Additionally, the correlation between the mother-child pairs with regards to the number of vegetables consumed was not significantly different between the two feeding groups. Conclusion: Though the study lacks significant data, it can still function as a pilot for future studies. By increasing the sample size, extending the study until the infants are older, and possibly even providing the targeted baby foods for the mothers, more significant results may be seen for vegetable consumption of breastfed vs. formula fed infants.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Grace.
Subjects: Nutrition
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27.
Ollberding, Nicholas Jay.
Changes in Food Sources of Fat, Cholesterol, and Protein in the Diets of Adolescents with Hypertension in Response to a Dietary Intervention Focusing on Fruits, Vegetables, and Low-fat Dairy Foods.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Purpose: To determine whether an intervention focusing on fruits, vegetables, and low-fat…
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▼ Purpose: To determine whether an intervention focusing on fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods (the DASH-4-Teens Intervention) could significantly alter mean nutrient intake of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and protein and major food sources of these nutrients among hypertensive and pre-hypertensive adolescents. Methods: Fifty-seven adolescents diagnosed with hypertension or pre-hypertension were randomly assigned to the DASH-4-Teens intervention (n=29) or routine hospital-based nutrition care (RC) (n=28). Dietary intake was collected using 24 hour recalls gathered over 3 days at baseline, post-treatment, and 3 month follow-up. Results: In an analysis of intervention completers, DASH versus RC participants had a greater reduction in mean intake of total fat (p<.05) over RC from baseline to post-treatment, and a trend for a greater decrease in saturated fat intake (p=.09). The percent contribution to total nutrient intake from individual food items was reduced for the majority of top ranked food items contributing to fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol in DASH participants. Conclusion: Individual food items contributing the greatest intake to fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol can be reduced with intervention. Food items such as cheese, milk, poultry, potato chips, and fried potatoes are major contributors to all three nutrients and warrant particular attention to modify their consumption in this population.
Advisors/Committee Members: Couch, Sarah.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: DASH diet; Hypertension, Dietary Intervention; Adolescent food choice
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28.
RATHKE, ELISE ANN.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE COMPLIANCE TO SELF-MONITORING IN A DIETARY INTERVENTION STUDY.
Degree: MEd, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2000, University of Cincinnati
► Objective-To identify whether specific characteristics of a self-monitoring tool or the perceived…
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▼ Objective-To identify whether specific characteristics of a self-monitoring tool or the perceived benefits from recording intake motivate compliance in dietary self-monitoring among participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) research study. Design-Participants were categorized as compliant or noncompliant to dietary self-monitoring as determined by WHI protocol. They were asked to respond to 40 items on a 7-point Likert scale ranking their feelings about characteristics of the self-monitoring tools used by the WHI and about the act of recording dietary intake. Subjects-68 women enrolled in the WHI. Setting-WHI clinic in Cincinnati, Ohio.Statistical Analyses-Student's t tests and Pearson's chi-square of independence. Results-Compliance to dietary self-monitoring appears to be influenced more strongly by an individual's perception of the benefits to be gained from self-monitoring rather than by characteristics of the self-monitoring tool. Application-Diet and health-promotion programs should be designed to not only educate people about the important relationship between diet and health, but also to emphasize the role that consistent self-monitoring plays in the success of changing dietary behavior. Benefits and barriers of dietary self-monitoring should be identified early in an intervention to help promote long-term compliance.
Advisors/Committee Members: Couch, Dr. Sarah D.
Subjects: Education, Health
Keywords: Women's Health Initiative; dietary self-monitoring
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29.
REED, AMY ELAINE.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIETARY VARIETY AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AT DIFFERENT TIME INTERVALS.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary variety and Body Mass Index (BMI) at different time intervals. Data was collected from 54, 4th and 5th graders. Subjects completed 15 consecutive 24-hour recalls and had their weight and height measured to calculate BMI and classify subjects as overweight or normal weight. The recalls were analyzed at 3, 7, and 15 days for 3 types of variety: 1) All sources variety (ASV), including the entire Food Guide Pyramid; 2) Grain, Fruit, Vegetable, Dairy, and Meat variety (GFVDM); and 3) Grain, Fruit, and Vegetable variety (GFV). The study findings suggest: 1) variety increased with time; 2) higher variety of ASV and GFVDM is associated with higher BMI; and 3) the positive relationship between ASV and GFVDM to BMI was seen at 3 days suggesting 15 days may not be necessary to see an association with a health outcome.
Advisors/Committee Members: Falciglia, Dr. Grace.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Nutrition
Keywords: Variety increases with time.; Overweight children consume more variety of ASV and GFVDM at 3 days.; More study is needed on how many days of variety are needed to find association with a health outcome
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30.
Rose, Terri L.
Influence of Diet and Diet Education on Overweight and Obese Individuals: Outcomes Related to Job Performance.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Background: Obesity is a serious issue and continues to increase with over…
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▼ Background: Obesity is a serious issue and continues to increase with over 300 million obese adults in the World. The rise in obesity increases the risk of numerous chronic diseases, which in turn increases medical cost to treat these diseases. These medical costs have a financial impact on many industries that absorb the higher cost. There is additional cost to industries associated with obesity including decreased productivity and an increase in absenteeism. There are studies that support the fact that a modest reduction in weight can improve risk factors of obesity. Methods: A Nutrition Guide (NG) was developed to assist a group of workers at The Kroger Co. with a BMI of >30 to make healthier choices when grocery shopping, cooking and planning meals or snacks. The guide focuses on eliminating or reducing three key ingredients (S.S.S) saturated fat, salt and sugar. It also addresses portion control and serving sizes. A Nutrition Evaluation Assessment Tool (NEAT) was also developed to measure the impact the NG could have on changing the behavior of the employee group in making healthier choices. Conclusion: Studies of wellness programs in work settings have shown results of improving healthy behaviors of those that participate in the program. Wellness programs offer nutrition interventions, which include a variety of education tools to improve participant nutrition knowledge so they can make healthier choices. Many companies are interested in supporting wellness programs in hopes of improving employee's health, which in turn may reduce medical cost and absenteeism, and also improve work satisfaction.
Advisors/Committee Members: Juma, Shanil.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: Nutrition Guide; Productivity; Absenteeism: Obesity
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