Department: Dentistry ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
139 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
1.
ABDELHAMED, MOHAMED IBRAHIM.
A Comparison of Zirconia and Titanium Abutments for Microleakage.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2010, Ohio State University
► Background: The existence of a microgap in two-piece implant system has…
(more)
▼ Background: The existence of a microgap in two-piece implant system has been well documented in the literature. This microgap is in microns size and several in-vitro studies tested the microleakage through the microgap and its effect on hard and soft tissues. It was proven that this gap acts as a reservoir for bacteria which induced peri-implant tissue inflammatory reactions. Microleakage through the interface differ between implant body-abutment connections systems and study methodology. There is an increased demand for all ceramic crowns and zirconia abutments in the anterior sextant due to esthetic reasons. To our knowledge there is not enough information regarding leakage around zirconia abutments. Thus it was the purpose of the study to compare titanium abutments and zirconia abutments for microleakage under two different torque values. Materials and Methods: Thirty two dental implants, sixteen titanium abutments and sixteen zirconia abutments were used in this study. Four study groups: [Group A (titanium abutment torqued at 25Ncm), Group B (titanium abutment torqued at 15Ncm), Group C (zirconia abutment torqued at 25Ncm) and Group D (zirconia abutment torqued at 15Ncm)] were included. Micro-CT technology was chosen to scan the assemblies for the detection of a microgap. Microleakage from the implant chamber to the external milieu was evaluated using LAL test while microleakage from the external milieu to the implant chamber was evaluated using toluidine blue dye and colorimeter to detect color change. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Benferroni post test. The level of statistical significance was set at alpha=0.05. Results: Micro-CT images could not detect microgap at a resolution of 9.7 micron. LAL test showed that there is a time dependent increase in microleakage independent from abutment time or closing torque and a statistically significant difference was detected within zirconia abutment with closing torque value of 15Ncm (P<0.05). The toluidine blue test showed that there is no statistically significant time effect on microleakage independent from abutment type/torque value although leakage increased in general with time. Repeated torque/anti-torque does not have a statistically significant effect on microleakage although more leakage was noted with titanium abutment torqued/antitorqued several times. Also there was no statistical significant difference in microleakage through the screw access hole in the four different groups. Conclusion: With in the limit of this in-vitro study, it can be concluded that there is no statistically significant difference in bidirectional microleakage between titanium and zirconia abutments at different closing torque values in non-loading condition. However there is a significant increase in microleakage in general with time even in non-loaded condition. In addition there is a time-dependent rate difference in leakage from internal chamber to the external milieu compared to from external milieu to internal chamber between two different abutments at various torque values. Future studies needed to determine the effect of this bidirectional microleakage on peri-implant tissues around zirconia abutments. Also this in-vitro study can be repeated under loading condition to determine differential effect of loading on bidirectional microleakage around zirconia abutments.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leblebicioglu, Binnaz.
Subjects: Dental care
Keywords: Zirconia; Titanium; Abutment; Microleakage
More Like This
2.
Alakhras, Enas Mohamed.
INFLUENCE OF CEMENT ON SURVIVAL OF ALL-CERAMIC RESTORATIONS.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2011, Ohio State University
► Previous research has shown that new technology in adhesive dentistry improves the…
(more)
▼ Previous research has shown that new technology in adhesive dentistry improves the performance of all-ceramic restorations. However, the major reason for failure of these restorations remains the occurrence of fractures. The overall objective of this research project was to investigate the influence of cement on the survival of all-ceramic restorations. A preliminary study was performed to evaluate the influence of the cement as a supporting structure on the survival of a simulated all-ceramic restoration. A trilayer simulation of a model restoration subjected to a clinically relevant condition of functional mastication was used. The results from the preliminary study showed that adhesively bonded specimens had higher survival rates than those conventionally cemented and that one of the adhesive cements had a significant higher survival rate than the other. Based on results from the preliminary study, three other studies were performed to investigate why adhesive cementation improves the performance of all-ceramic restorations. Results from these studies showed: (1) Resin cements had fewer defects or were void-free at the ceramic-cement interface of our ceramic model, while conventional cements showed areas of voids at the this interface. (2) The resin cement had no influence on ceramic sensitivity to slow crack growth (SCG). (3) While the actual mechanism for resin strengthening could not be determined, it may involve the formation of a more durable bond at the ceramic/cement interface.
Advisors/Committee Members: Seghi, Robert.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: Ceramics, Ultrasound, Adhesives, Slow Crack Growth, Microtensile
More Like This
3.
Alapati, Satish B.
An investigation of phase transformation mechanisms for nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments.
Degree: PhD, Dentistry, 2006, Ohio State University
► Nickel-titanium rotary instruments based upon the intermetallic compound NiTi have gained considerable…
(more)
▼ Nickel-titanium rotary instruments based upon the intermetallic compound NiTi have gained considerable popularity among endodontists because the very low elastic modulus of NiTi enables these instruments to readily negotiate curved root canals during endodontic therapy with a slow-speed handpiece. However, concern about in vivo separation (fracture) of nickel-titanium instruments during treatment is still a major challenge confronting every manufacturer and endodontist, since this often happens without prior warning signs from permanent deformation. NiTi exists in two major microstructural phases: austenite, and martensite. Transformations between these NiTi phases occur rapidly by twinning on the atomic level and are reversible for stresses below the onset of permanent deformation. An intermediate R–phase is also sometimes observed for the transformation between austenite and martensite. The nickel-titanium rotary instruments are intentionally manufactured in the superelastic condition having the fully austenitic structure, which provides the capability of accommodating extensive elastic strain without fracture under clinical conditions associated with conventional root canal therapy. The overall objective of this study was to gain new insight into the microstructural phases in commercial NiTi rotary instruments and their transformations, which would be of scientific importance for development of new instruments with improved clinical performance. The phases present were identified by Micro-XRD (micro-x-ray diffraction) and TMDSC (temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry), using clinically popular ProFile GT and ProTaper nickel-titanium rotary instruments, which have two different cross-sectional designs. Instruments were analyzed in the as-received condition, after clinical use, and following elevated-temperature heat treatments. The first null hypothesis was that microstructural phases and phase transformations do not have an impact on clinical performance and instrument failure. The second null hypothesis was that appropriate heat treatments previously used for orthodontic wires would not result in beneficial changes in microstructural phases that may significantly affect the clinical life of these instruments. Based upon the present research and complimentary previous studies by this investigator, both null hypotheses were rejected. Information obtained from this research should aid future development of improved instruments with reduced likelihood of failure during clinical use.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brantley, William A.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Dentistry
Keywords: nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments; root canal preparation instruments; micro x-ray diffraction; temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry; heat treatment of NiTi rotary endodontic instruments
More Like This
4.
Allen, Paul H.
Pharmacological Management of Acute Dental Pain in Children; Attitudes and Beliefs of Caregivers.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2009, Ohio State University
► Objective The purpose of this study was to examine parental management of…
(more)
▼ Objective The purpose of this study was to examine parental management of acute dental pain in children. Methods: This IRB approved study consisted of a survey of parents bringing children to Nationwide Children's Hospital’s emergency walk-in dental clinic. Results: Data from 300 children-parent dyads were included in this analysis. The mean age of children was 8 years 8 months, and mean duration of pain was 17.7 days. Seventy-Six percent of children were treated with at least one dose of over-the-counter pain medication. Acetaminophen was the most commonly used (40%), followed by ibuprofen (37%). Age was the most significant response variable with over 40% of the categories being clinically significant. Younger children were less likely to have received OTC analgesia for dental pain (p=.048) Conclusion: Acute dental pain in children is being mismanaged with children waiting more than 17 days for treatment. Age is the most significant response variable.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thikkurissy, Sarat.
Subjects: Dental care
Keywords: Pediatric Dental Pain; Dental; Pain; Pharmacology; Acute Dental Pain; Children
More Like This
5.
Ames, Matthew Scott.
Estrogen Deficiency Increases the Variability of Mineralization of Bone Surrounding Teeth.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2010, Ohio State University
► Estrogen deficiency increases bone remodeling. Increased remodeling activity yields bone tissue with…
(more)
▼ Estrogen deficiency increases bone remodeling. Increased remodeling activity yields bone tissue with a higher percentage of immature/newly formed bone, ultimately leading to increased variability of mineralization. Due to the functional demands of mastication, alveolar bone is inherently a highly remodeled region of bone tissue. Does estrogen deficiency affect alveolar bone’s remodeling and subsequent mineralization? Objectives: Using a rat model of ED, the objectives of this study were 1) to assess regional variation of mineralization in the mandible, and 2) to assess the effects of estrogen deficiency on the magnitude of regional variation. Methods: Ovariectomized (OVX, n=10) and sham surgery (Sham, n=10) rat mandible sections were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) with a voxel resolution of 20 micrometers. The images of each section were manipulated using imaging software to isolate a portion of alveolar bone (AB) within 200 micrometers of root surface and a control bone (CB) region 200 micrometers removed from all internal and external mandibular bone borders. CT attenuation values were maintained and gray level voxel values were reported in Hounsfield Units (HU). Histograms were generated to analyze gray level frequency distribution. HU parameters analyzed were Mean, Standard Deviation (SD), Coefficient of Variation (COV) (to normalize SD) and percentile values (5th = Low5, and 95th =High5). Paired t-tests were used to assess regional variation of mineralization between AB and CB for all specimens. The magnitude of regional variation (how different AB and CB were from each other) was compared for all parameters between OVX and Sham groups by expressing the difference of AB from CB, as a percentage of CB. The treatment groups were compared using ANOVA. Results: AB and CB were significantly different (p<0.001) in all parameters measured within all subjects confirming significant regional variation, independent of estrogen deficiency. Comparisons between Sham and OVX groups for the percentage difference of AB resulted in percentage differences moderately different for SD (p<0.073) and significantly different for COV (p<0.039) and Low5 (p<0.019). The percentage difference of Mean and High5 were not significantly different (p>0.093) between Sham and OVX groups. Conclusions: An increase in variability (COV and Low5) of mineralization represents a relative increase in bone remodeling. Higher variability of mineralization observed in AB of OVX group indicates that estrogen deficiency amplifies the active bone remodeling of AB already present due to mastication.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kim, Do-Gyoon.
Subjects: Biology; Biomedical research; Scientific imaging
Keywords: estrogen deficiency; alveolar bone; mandible; computed tomography; mineralization
More Like This
6.
Anderson, Eric Paul.
Pre-Wounding and Connective Tissue Grafts: A Pilot Investigation.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2011, Ohio State University
► Objectives: Pre-wounding has been used to improve skin graft outcomes, but has…
(more)
▼ Objectives: Pre-wounding has been used to improve skin graft outcomes, but has not been used in oral procedures. The present study assessed objective and subjective early healing responses following harvesting of routine (R) and pre-wounded (PW) connective tissue grafts (CTGs) in smokers and non-smokers. Methods: Systemically and periodontally healthy adults (21-50 yrs) were recruited. Subjects underwent standardized pre-wounding consisting of parallel incisions typical of CTG procedure. After a period of 3 or 5 days CTGs (both PW and R) were harvested. Immediate bleeding and epithelialization of resulting wounds were assessed. Patient based outcomes were determined by questionnaires completed on CTG harvest day and postoperative (PO) days 3, 7, 14 and 21. Specimens of both the R and PW grafts were processed for analysis by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine expression of angiogenesis related molecules, angiogenin (ANG), endoglin (ENG), and prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2). The connective tissue (CT) for each specimen was analyzed in 2 histological sections and percent area of expression was calculated for each molecule. Results: 24 subjects, average age 33.2 yrs (12 smokers, 15 males) underwent the harvesting of both PW and R grafts. Minimal pain with an average (±sd) visual analog scale (VAS) pain score of (1.2±1.4) was reported following the pre-wounding procedure, with 46% of subjects reporting no pain post operatively. No difference in pain was noted between PW and R harvest sites for the duration of the study. After CTG harvesting, 60% of subjects experienced immediate bleeding, with no difference between PW and R sides, between smoker and non-smokers, or between surgical delay periods (p>0.5). PW sites healed faster (complete epithelialization), with all sites epithelializing by 21-day PO. Histological analysis using IHC showed significant increase in ANG expression for one of the (CT) sections, increase in ENG expression for both sections, and a decrease in PHD2 expression for one of the sections. Conclusions: Pre-wounding for CTG harvesting appears to be well-tolerated and does not result in untoward objective or subjective early healing outcomes. The PW harvest sites showed an accelerated healing response when compared to regular harvest sites. Increased expression in angiogenic factors, ANG and ENG, were seen in the PW grafts. The PW technique appears to be a promising alternative to increase the wound healing capability of the CTG tissue.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tatakis, Dimitris.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: connective tissue graft; pre-wounding; smokers; epithelialization; immediate bleeding; angiogenin; prolyl hydroxylase; endoglin
More Like This
7.
Andrews, Curtis Kyo-shin.
Validity and Reliability of Peer Assessment Rating Index Scores of Digital and Plaster Models.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2008, Ohio State University
► Introduction: The object of this research was to evaluate the reliability and…
(more)
▼ Introduction: The object of this research was to evaluate the reliability and validity of Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index scores derived from computerized digital models. Computer based digital orthodontic models have been shown to be valid and reliable when making measurements of tooth size and simple diagnoses of dental malocclusions. The validity and reliability of PAR scores from digital models and plaster models that have been previously scored and standardized for a calibration exercise for the PAR index have not been established. Methods: Ten examiners were trained to score digital and plaster models using the PAR index. Thirty standardized and previously scored plaster PAR models used in PAR calibration were digitized using digital study model technology. The plaster and digital calibration models were randomized and scored by the ten examiners. All measurements were repeated by all examiners at a second session. Results: Plaster and digital scores were compared to the gold standard PAR scores for validity. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) for plaster models ranged from 0.808-0.926. The mean ICC for plaster models was 0.891 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.829-0.940. The ICCs for digital models ranged from 0.846-0.922. The mean ICC for digital models was 0.878 with CI of 0.811-0.931. Intra-rater reliability was excellent for plaster (ICC =0.919) and for digital models (ICC= 0.905). Inter-rater reliability was also good for plaster (ICC=0.912) and digital models (ICC=0.883). Conclusions: The PAR index scores obtained from the digital and plaster calibration models were shown to be valid and reliable.
Advisors/Committee Members: Firestone, Allen.
Subjects: Dental care
Keywords: Orthodontics Peer Assessment Rating Index PAR digital models
More Like This
8.
Ashley, Amanda.
Immune Mediators in Gingival Crevicular Fluid as Predictors of Healing Outcomes in Re-Implanted Permanent Incisors – A Pilot Investigation.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2012, Ohio State University
► Permanent tooth avulsion is a serious problem in pediatric dentistry. Avulsed permanent…
(more)
▼ Permanent tooth avulsion is a serious problem in pediatric dentistry. Avulsed permanent incisors that ankylose after re-implantation have profound detrimental long-term consequences in growing patients. Ankylosed and normally healed teeth exhibit significant differences in the levels of growth factors, chemokines and cytokines following traumatic avulsion. This study examines immune mediators including Interleukin 1-Beta, Interleukin-8, Interleukin-10, Interleukin-12, GM-CSF, and VEGF present in the gingival crevicular fluid of avulsed and re-implanted teeth. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collection is a reliable way of monitoring biomarkers around a tooth. GCF composition reflects the physiological status of the periodontal ligament, giving us a window into the ongoing healing process within the socket. GCF collection is rapid, painless, non-invasive, economical, and yields findings that are reproducible. Dental research has historically focused on extra-oral time and storage medium for avulsed teeth as the primary determinants of healing. Pediatric dentists focus on quick re-implantation of the avulsed tooth, proper splinting with a non-rigid splint, antibiotic coverage and pulp extripation within 7-10 days. However, the patient’s own phenotypic variation of biomarker expression may be the determining factor in predicting healing outcomes of avulsed teeth. In this study, interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly elevated in GCF collected from patients with re-implanted teeth that healed compared to teeth that ankylosed. These data suggest that avulsed re-implanted teeth elicit pro-inflammatory signals and growth factors in the GCF that could be used as predictive biomarkers. Increased osteoclastic activity within the sockets of re-implanted teeth in combination with increase inflammation likely prevents ankylosis. Instead of trying to maintain periodontal ligament vitality via storage medium, newer treatment approaches may try to alter the patient’s own immune response to the avulsion, preventing detrimental ankylosis and promoting normal healing.
Advisors/Committee Members: McTIgue, Dennis.
Subjects: Dental Care
Keywords: Ankylosis; Avulsion; Cytokines
More Like This
9.
Aue, Aaron Douglass.
An Evaluation of the In Vivo Debridement Efficacy of 3.0% NaOCl vs. 6.0% NaOCl Ultrasound After Hand and Rotary Instrumentation in Human Mandibular Molars.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2009, Ohio State University
► This study histologically compared the in vivo debridement efficacy of a hand…
(more)
▼ This study histologically compared the in vivo debridement efficacy of a hand and rotary preparation followed by passive ultrasonic irrigation using a continuous flow of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) versus a hand/rotary/ultrasound technique using 6% NaOCl in mesial root canals of vital human mandibular molars. Group 1 consisted of 15 teeth prepared with a hand/rotary technique followed by 1 min of ultrasonic irrigation, per canal, utilizing an ultrasonic needle in a MiniEndo™ unit expressing 15 mL of 3.0% NaOCl per canal. This was compared to Group 2 which was an existing sample collected and evaluated as part of a previous study. Group 2 consisted of 16 teeth prepared with the same hand/rotary/ultrasonic irrigation technique using 6.0% sodium hypochlorite. Following extraction and histologic preparation 5 µm cross-sections from the 1- to 3 mm apical levels were evaluated for percentage of tissue removal from canals and isthmuses using a Neurolucida Image Analysis Program version 7.0. In Group 1, 15 out of the 16 teeth were determined to be severely curved which was significantly more than Group 2. Nonparametric testing between samples from severely curved canals revealed no statistically significant differences between Groups 1 and 2 in mean percent canal and isthmus cleanliness values. Sample values at the 1-, 2-, and 3 mm levels for the 3% NaOCl and 6% NaOCl techniques, respectively, were: canal, 81.8% versus 99.3%, 91.1% versus 100%, and 98.6% versus 96.9%; isthmus, 6.4% versus 92.9%, 19.5% versus 89.2%, and 27.8% versus 98.9%. In conclusion, hand/rotary instrumentation followed by passive ultrasonic irrigation using 6% NaOCl was not significantly different from corresponding values observed using 3% NaOCl.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nusstein, John.
Subjects: Dental care
Keywords: passive ultrasonic irrigation, sodium hypochlorite concentration
More Like This
10.
Balasco, Matthew B.
Anesthetic Efficacy Of Buffered Lidocaine For Incision And Drainage In Symptomatic Patients With Clinical Swelling.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2012, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this randomized, double-blind investigation was to compare the efficacy…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this randomized, double-blind investigation was to compare the efficacy of a buffered versus non-buffered 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine solution for pain of injection and incision and drainage of an acute apical abscess or cellulitis in symptomatic patients with a diagnosis of pulpal necrosis. Eighty-one adult patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups that received two infiltration injections (mesial and distal to the swelling) of either 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine buffered with 0.18 mL 8.4% sodium bicarbonate using the Onset® by Onpharma® buffering system or 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Patients rated pain of needle insertion, placement, and solution deposition for each injection on 170-mm visual analog scales. An incision and drainage procedure was performed and pain of incision, drainage, and dissection were recorded on 170-mm visual analog scales. No significant differences were detected between the two solutions for pain of needle insertion, placement, or solution deposition for either the mesial or distal site injections. No significant differences were found between the solutions for pain of incision, drainage, or dissection. In conclusion, the addition of a sodium bicarbonate buffer to 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine did not result in decreased pain of infiltration injection or decreased pain of incision and drainage when compared to standard 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in symptomatic patients experiencing an acute apical abscess or cellulitis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Drum, Melissa.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: Buffered lidocaine; abscess; incision and drainage
More Like This
11.
Beck, Stephen.
Biomarkers as Predictors of Ankylosis.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2010, Ohio State University
► Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if biomarkers were…
(more)
▼ Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if biomarkers were significantly different between ankylosed and normally healed avulsed permanent teeth. Methods: Patients who presented to Nationwide Children's Hospital with an avulsed permanent incisor were enrolled in the study. Socket irrigant was collected prior to replantation of the tooth. Irrigant was saved in a deep freeze for further analysis. The patient’s pulp tissue was also harvested and stored for analysis at the pulp extirpation visit 7-21 days following the initial injury. Follow up visits were performed in accordance with International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines. After all follow up visits patients were placed in one of two groups, ankylosed and normally healed. Using a 27-plex qualitative bio-assay array, multiple biomarkers were assessed at a single time to determine if any difference existed between either ankylosis or normally healed teeth in socket and pulp samples. Results: 12 patients with 16 teeth were enrolled in the study after all exclusion criteria. Four (25%) healed normally without any sign of replacement resorption and 12 (75%) ankylosed with either percussion or radiographic changes. Pro-inflammatory biomarkers, anti-inflammatory biomarkers, and growth factors did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between groups in either socket or pulp samples. Conclusion: Further studies with a greater number of samples need to be undertaken to determine if any difference in biomarkers exist between ankylosed and normally healed teeth.
Advisors/Committee Members: McTigue, Dennis.
Subjects: Dental care
Keywords: Biomarkers; ankylosis; avulsion
More Like This
12.
Bomeli, Philip Daniel.
Orthodontics and quality of life: a 24-month report.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2007, Ohio State University
► Objectives: The aim of this study was to follow oral health-related quality…
(more)
▼ Objectives: The aim of this study was to follow oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) longitudinally in a population of American children 11-14 years old undergoing orthodontic treatment and assess if there is a correlation between correction of malocclusion and OHRQoL. Methods: A convenience sample of 11-14-year-old children were recruited: pediatric dental group (N=38); orthodontic group (N=43); and craniofacial anomaly group (N=40). Subjects completed the Child Perception Questionnaire for 11-14-year-old children (CPQ11-14) at enrollment. The pediatric and craniofacial groups also completed the CPQ11-14 at 24 months, while the orthodontic groups completed the CPQ11-14 6 months post orthodontic treatment. The data were analyzed using Factorial ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer method. The Peer Assessment Rating occlusal index (PAR) was used to assess the severity of malocclusion for both initial and final study models. Results: From the initial time point to the final two year time point, the total CPQ11-14 scores and the scores for each domain decreased in all three groups. The orthodontic group total CPQ11-14 score and domains 2 and 3, functional limitations and emotional well-being, decreased significantly over time (P<0.01, P<0.01, and P<0.05 respectively). Initial PAR scores were significantly different for all groups (P<0.05), with the craniofacial group having the highest Initial PAR scores. Final PAR scores were available for the craniofacial and orthodontic groups only. The orthodontic group had significantly lower PAR scores than the craniofacial group at the final time point (P<0.01). Both groups had significant decreases in PAR scores from the initial to the final time point (P<0.01). There appears to be a modest association between final CPQ11-14 scores and final PAR scores (r=0.43; P<0.01). Conclusions: 1) Overall OHRQoL improves over time for 11-14 year old children who undergo orthodontic therapy and for those who do not undergo orthodontic treatment; 2) Orthodontics alone does not appear to be a major reason why a child’s OHRQoL improves over time; 3) It is suggested that orthodontics may improve a child’s emotional well-being; and 4) There is at best a marginal association between the correction of malocclusion and OHRQoL.
Advisors/Committee Members: Firestone, Allen R.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Dentistry
Keywords: Orthodontics; Health-related Quality of Life
More Like This
13.
Burns, Alfred M.
PARENTAL STRESS AS A CO-MORBIDITY OF SEVERE EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2009, Ohio State University
► Severe early childhood (S-ECC) caries has classically been studied as a disease,…
(more)
▼ Severe early childhood (S-ECC) caries has classically been studied as a disease, whose initiation and progression is determined by biological risk factors. In recent years S-ECC has begun to be associated to numerous social and psychosocial environmental conditions, one of which is parental stress. Our study set out to investigate the association of parental/caregiver stress as a co-factors to S-ECC prevalence. Using the Parental Stress Index-Short Form we determined the stress of primary caregivers of young children who were classified under clinical exam as either having no caries or S-ECC. Other social economic status determinants and classic biological and social co-factors were accounted for. Our results indicate a weak but positive association (p=.05) between parental stress and the presence and extent of S-ECC. Parents with high stress often share risk factors common to parents of children with S-ECC. Practitioners should be aware of this possible relationship and be prepared to provide appropriate intervention.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thikkurissy, Sarat.
Subjects: Social psychology
Keywords: Parental Stress Early Childhood Caries Decay
More Like This
15.
Carr, Kelly Marie.
The Impact of Verbal Explanation and Modified Consent Materials on Orthodontic Informed Consent.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2011, Ohio State University
► Introduction: Previous orthodontic informed consent research shows low patient/parent recall and comprehension…
(more)
▼ Introduction: Previous orthodontic informed consent research shows low patient/parent recall and comprehension of treatment risks and limitations. The purpose of this study was to: 1) evaluate the effectiveness of a shortened oral presentation of an established informed consent method and 2) determine if customized computer-based presentations (PPTs) improve the recall and comprehension of the risks and limitations of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Eighty parent/patient pairs were randomly assigned to one of two groups. PPTs were generated for each subject-pair including the most common “core” risk factors (pain, enamel/soft tissue destruction, root resorption, and post-treatment change), up to four patient-specific “custom” risk factors, and other “general” risks and limitations. Group A heard a presentation of the treatment plan and the key points of informed consent. Group B did not hear the verbal explanation of the key points of consent. Subjects in both groups then read the informed consent form, saw the customized PPT, and completed an interview with structured questions, two reading ability tests, and a demographic questionnaire. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and scored using a previously developed codebook for the percentage of correct recall and comprehension responses. The informed consent issues were assigned to three domains: treatment, risk and responsibility. These groups were compared with patients/parents in the earlier Kang et al study (Group C: modified consent + 18 element PPT). Results: Test-retest reliability for codebook-response rating was κ = 0.86 and overall subject reliabilities for interview questions for children were κ = 0.30 and parents κ = 0.42. There were no significant differences between Groups A, B, or C for any socio-demographic variables. Children in Group A scored significantly higher than Group B for risk recall. They also scored significantly higher than Group C on overall comprehension, risk recall, risk comprehension, and general risks and limitations questions. Children in Group B scored significantly higher than Group C on overall comprehension, treatment recall, and risk recall. Elements resented first in the PPT presentation were recalled and comprehended better than those presented later. Conclusions: This study suggested little advantage to a verbal review of the informed consent form (other than for patients for the risk domain) when other means of review such as the customized PPT were included. Patients understood best those elements presented first in the informed consent PPT. The findings suggest that the most important information should be presented to patients first and any information provided beyond the first seven points should be given as supplemental take-home material.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fields, Henry W.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: orthodontics; informed consent; health literacy
More Like This
17.
Casaus, Dana M.
DSC, FTIR and SEM Characterization of As-received Colored Elastomeric Chains.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2009, Ohio State University
► Orthodontists use elastomeric chains to close interdental spaces or to apply traction…
(more)
▼ Orthodontists use elastomeric chains to close interdental spaces or to apply traction to rotated teeth. The chains are marketed in a large array of colors to appeal to a younger patient population. While the chains are reported to be manufactured from polyurethane, there is little information about the compositions of proprietary pigments and fillers used to color the chains and their effects on polymer structure. The purpose of this study was to characterize a range of pigmented elastomeric chains in order to better understand any effects the pigmentation may have on their physical properties and clinical behavior. The specific aims were to: 1) Use differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine glass transition temperatures (Tg) of six pigmented elastomers of one brand (GAC), 2) Analyze the chains by FTIR to investigate whether the spectra were altered by pigmentation, and 3) Observe surfaces of the pigmented chains with a scanning electron microscope to seek evidence of processing effects and the presence of filler particles. Six colors (gray, black, silver, clear, pearl, smoke) of elastomeric chains (GAC America) were obtained in 15-foot spool form from the manufacturer. Test specimens (N=3) were cut from each color spool, and DSC analyses were performed from -100° to 100°C, using a heating rate of 10°C/minute. Other randomly selected specimens (N=3) were analyzed by FTIR, and additional specimens were examined with an SEM. ANOVA was used to compare mean Tg values for each of the six colors. Values of Tg lay within a narrow range of -46° to -48°C (±1.4°C) for all color groups; the clear long group had significantly higher Tg of -41°C. FTIR analyses confirmed the polyurethane composition of the chains but could not detect any pigmenting species, presumably because of low concentrations (<5% weight of total composition). SEM observations showed evidence of processing for the chains and revealed very small particles that were assumed to be pigment species. The values of Tg for these chains in the present study were similar to those previously reported for colored elastomeric chains by Renick et al (AJODO, 2004). The relatively low concentrations of pigmenting species in the elastomers evaluated were found to have minimal effect on Tg and FTIR spectra. Consequently, force delivery and force decay of these chains should not be affected by pigmentation. These results do not support clinical and anecdotal case reports that lightly-pigmented chains have less force delivery than more heavily-pigmented chains. While a wide range of pigmented elastomers for this manufacturer (GAC America) showed little variation in Tg, other brands of pigmented elastomeric chains may not exhibit such uniformity and should be investigated in future studies. Such information will enable the orthodontist to make a rational decision about product selection based upon scientific evidence.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brantley, William.
Subjects: Polymers
Keywords: Orthodontics; elastomeric chains
More Like This
18.
Chan, Chang Alexandra.
Smile Esthetics from Patients’ Perspective for Faces of Varying Attractiveness.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2011, Ohio State University
► Delivering an attractive smile is a key element to orthodontic patient-satisfaction. Smile…
(more)
▼ Delivering an attractive smile is a key element to orthodontic patient-satisfaction. Smile characteristics maybe affected by the facial context. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the layperson’s perspective on facial attractiveness and smile esthetic. Methods: Two attractive, average and unattractive model faces (3 males, 3 females) determined by peer ratings, were combined with ten smiles variables (buccal corridor, smile arc, maxillary gingival discrepancy, gingival display, central incisor incisal edge discrepancy, cant, overbite, central incisor gingival margin discrepancy, maxillary midline to face and mandibular midline to maxillary midline). Each smile characteristic was altered digitally and presented using emoticon slider technology to allow a continuous range of choices. Raters chose the ideal, and limits of acceptability. Variables were divided into six separate surveys (four surveys with two variables and two surveys with one variable) and rated 96 times. Power analysis (non-directional alpha of 0.05, standard deviation of 3.5 and power of 0.86) required 576 raters. Reliability was accessed by answering each question twice. Results: Individual smile variable reliability ranged from fair to excellent, except buccal corridor. Clinically significant values were defined as greater than 1.0mm with statistical significance (p<0.05). Rater gender did not make a difference. Clinical significance was found for buccal corridor, smile arc, gingival display and upper midline to face. For females, smaller buccal corridors and flatter smile arcs were preferred for the unattractive and attractive models compared to the average model. The opposite was found for male models. More gingival display was preferred for the unattractive and attractive male and female models compared to the average models. Unattractive models had a smaller acceptable range compared to the other groups for gingival display. Attractive models were allowed less midline deviation. Conclusion: Reliability was relatively fair to excellent except for buccal corridor. It appears that facial attractiveness did not have an effect on the smile characters that were considered micro-esthetic. Facial attractiveness did affect smile characteristics were measured relative to the face. Understanding these limitations is important in the diagnosis and treatment planning.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fields, Henry.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: Smile Variables; Facial attractiveness; Smile Esthetics
More Like This
19.
Chan, Richard Wilkin.
Esthetics and Smile Characteristics From the Layperson’s Perspective: A Computer Based Survey Study, Part II.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2008, Ohio State University
► Objectives: To quantify layperson’s ideal and maximum acceptable deviation for nine smile…
(more)
▼ Objectives: To quantify layperson’s ideal and maximum acceptable deviation for nine smile characteristics through digital technology. Methods: Photographs of ideal, symmetric dental configurations were digitally manipulated using Adobe® Photoshop® CS2. Incisor tooth proportions, central-lateral incisal edge lengths and gingival margins, maxillary central incisor width-length ratio and gingival margins, transverse occlusal cant, overbite, maxillary midline to face, and maxillary-mandibular midline were altered and placed in a female face, showing the lower portion of the nose to below the mentolabial fold. The composites of teeth and soft tissue were placed in random image sequences and imported into Quask™ Form Artist to generate the survey, which was administered in Columbus, OH (n=43); Seattle, WA (n=41) and Boston, MA (n=40), supported by power analysis. An interactive interface allowed raters to move a slider to adjust each variable to their choices. Rater reliability was assessed by rating every smile twice (26 images total). Results: Reliability ranged from k=0.88 to 0.47. The smile became unattractive when the maxillary midline deviated 2.9mm or once the maxillary-mandibular midlines deviated 2.1mm. Overbite was ideal at 2.0mm and unacceptable at <0.4mm and >5.7mm. Central incisor crown width:height ratio was ideal at 0.73:1. The lateral incisor had an ideal lateral:central width ratio of 0.72:1, with a range of 0.53:1 to 0.76:1. Maxillary central incisor gingival discrepancies were acceptable until >2.0mm. The ideal lateral incisor gingival margin was ideally 0.4mm incisal to the central. However, it was acceptable from 2.9mm incisal to 1.2mm gingival to the central gingival margin. The ideal central-lateral incisor step was 1.4mm and became unattractive >2.9mm. Transverse maxillary cants became unattractive at 4.0°. Conclusions: The range of acceptability for these smile characteristics remains large, and except for midlines, is equal to or greater than what most clinicians envision.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fields, Henry.
Subjects: Dental care; Health; Health care
Keywords: Orthodontics; Esthetics; Smile Design; Braces; Dentistry
More Like This
20.
Chatriyanuyoke, Pakawat.
An Assessment of Slow Crack Growth in Leucite-Reinforced Ceramics.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2009, Ohio State University
► Purpose: To assess the slow crack growth parameters of a leucite-reinforced dental…
(more)
▼ Purpose: To assess the slow crack growth parameters of a leucite-reinforced dental ceramic under constant stress rate condition and determine the influence of the environment and surface finish on the resulting parameters. Materials & methods: 130 ceramic plates (Pro-CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) of 0.7 mm thick were prepared and one surface finished with 600 grit SiC slurry. Ten specimens were used to evaluate the inert strength and serve as the control group (Control). The remaining specimens were arbitrarily divided into 3 groups: In air @ ambient temperature (SCA), in water @ ambient temperature (SCW), and etched tensile surface in air @ambient temperature (HFA). All specimens were tested under constant stress-rate biaxial flexural strength in a manner similar to that described in ASTM C 1368. The specimens from each of the 3 experimental group were tested at four different cross head speed of: 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 1 mm/min, respectively using a displacement controlled universal testing machine. The inert group was tested in silicone oil at 1 mm/min. The flexural strength and stress rate were determined for each speciman and the SCG parameters n and D were calculated for each of the experimental groups. Results: The resulting SCG parameters for each experimental group were n = 38.19 and D = 143.34 for group SCA, n = -59.32 and D = 145.97 for group SCW, and n = 40.21 and D = 148.65 for group HFA. Group SCW showed the lowest resistance to stress corrosion (n = -59.32) compared to the other groups. The inert strength of the leucite ceramic resulted in the highest mean strength 180.4 MPa. Conclusions: There is no different in SCG parameter (n) from constant stress-rate test between group SCA and HFA for the ProCAD material tested. ProCAD more susceptible to subcritical crack growth when compared to ambient air.
Advisors/Committee Members: Seghi, Robert.
Subjects: Dental care; Materials science
Keywords: Slow Crack Growth; Ceramics; Leucite
More Like This
21.
Chen, Zhixiong.
Brainstem Mechanisms Underlying Ingestion and Rejection.
Degree: PhD, Dentistry, 2003, Ohio State University
► Feeding behavior is controlled by brain structures distributed in the cerebral cortex,…
(more)
▼ Feeding behavior is controlled by brain structures distributed in the cerebral cortex, limbic system and brainstem. In the brainstem, a central pattern generator (CPG) for mastication has been localized to the midline medullary reticular formation based on cortically induced rhythmic jaw movements (fictive mastication), or to the reticular formation (RF) between the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei based on chemically elicited rhythmic trigeminal discharge in a tissue slice preparation. Other studies, however, suggest a role for the lateral medullary RF in orchestrating ingestive oromotor activity. Direct behavioral evidence supporting the location of these CPGs, however, is lacking. Thus, the first study tested the hypothesis that the lateral medullary RF is essential for organizing oromotor patterns of ingestion and rejection. In the behaving rat, licking was induced by either intra-oral (IO) infusions of sucrose or saline, or sucrose presented in a bottle. Gaping (rejection) responses were elicited by IO delivery of quinine hydrochloride. All responses were measured electromyographically from the anterior digastric (jaw-opener) and geniohyoid (tongue-protruder) muscles. Inactivation of the lateral medullary RF with the GABAA agonist muscimol suppressed both licking and gaping. Infusions into other RF regions were ineffective, indicating an essential role for the lateral medullary RF. Because both excitatory and inhibitory amino acids (EAA, IAA) are involved in fictive mastication, we further examined whether they are also important for ingestive responses elicited by natural stimuli. In a second series of experiments, EAA and IAA antagonists were infused into the lateral medullary RF. It was found that (1) the lateral medullary RF is driven by glutamatergic inputs, mediated by both non-NMDA and NMDA receptors, (2) it is under tonic inhibition from GABAergic and glycinergic inputs, (3) this substrate is also involved in the suppression of eupnea that is mediated by non-NMDA receptors. These findings provide behavioral evidence to support the hypothesis that the lateral medullary RF is a multifunctional substrate that controls the oromotor nuclei to generate licking and gaping, and the oromotor components of gasping.
Advisors/Committee Members: Travers, Joseph B.
Keywords: Central pattern generator; NMDA receptor; Non-NMDA receptor; GABAA receptor; Glycine receptor; Taste oromotor processing
More Like This
22.
Collins, Carey McNeill.
Developmental Dento-alveolar Disturbances in a Pediatric Population with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2011, Ohio State University
► Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) affects premature infants who require oxygen therapy at…
(more)
▼ Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) affects premature infants who require oxygen therapy at birth. According to The National Heart, Lung, and Blood institute these children have a gestational age of thirty-six weeks or less and weigh less than two pounds at birth. There has been a significant increase (36%) in the incidence of premature births over the past two decades. Accompanying this increase are fundamental shifts in neonatology therapies such as; short-term intubation and more efficient delivery of surfactant. There have been studies associating prematurity with defects in dento-alveolar complex development including; structural palatal defects, disruptions in amelogenesis, disruptions in eruption and caries risk. Objective: To assess incidence of dento-alveolar defects in subjects with a history of BPD compared to controls. Methods: This case-cohort study was IRB approved. Subjects were recruited from an urban hospital BPD and Dental clinic. All patients were between 12-36 months of age. A complete dental exam was completed. Results: Data were collected from 53 children (25 BPD subjects and 28 control subjects). The BPD subjects were significantly younger (p<0.008). The BPD subjects had significantly lower gestational ages (p<0.0001). Control subjects had a greater incidence of first dental visit history (p=0.038). The BPD subjects had more hypoplastic teeth (p=0.002). Conclusion: BPD was not associated with significant defects in dento-alveolar development.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thikkurissy, Sarat.
Subjects: Dental Care
Keywords: Dento-alveolar development Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
More Like This
23.
Conard, Mark.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF FLUID PRESSURES OF IRRIGATION DURING ROOT CANAL THERAPY.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2012, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fluid pressures during…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fluid pressures during irrigation inside the root canal and at the apex. The study aimed to evaluate the fluid pressure with different depths, needle sizes, and irrigant flow rates both inside and at the apex of the model root. A Columbia dentoform (model: IV-EP-Endo # 8) incisor (Columbia Dentoform Corporation) was decoronated at the cement-enamel junction (CEJ) before being prepared to a #45/.02 size file at the apex. The model root was mounted and samples were run after placing a fiber optic fluid pressure sensor within the canal at the apex of the model root. Various needle designs and sizes were tested at varying depths within the canal and with varied fluid flow rates. The irrigation pressure inside the model root canal with the addition of ultrasonic energy was evaluated using the 25-gauge flat-ended ProUltra® PiezoFlow® ultrasonic irrigation needle. Air pressure was also evaluated by introducing air into the root canal with various irrigation needles. Sensor data was recorded and statistically analyzed. Results of this study were that, in general, as depth of the needle increased there was a statistically significant increase in pressure within the model root canal for almost all needle gauges, needle tip-designs, and flow rates. Irrigation pressure for the ultrasonic group showed a statistically significant increase in pressure as the ultrasonic needle tip was moved closer to the apex and a statistically significant increase in pressure with increasing flow rate. Although air pressure data was not statistically analyzed, pressure inside the root canal increased with increasing needle tip size.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nusstein, John.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: irrigation pressure
More Like This
25.
Cooper, Valerie Elaine.
Dietary Factors and Microbial Profiles Related to Caries in Adults.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2009, Ohio State University
► Dietary and microbial factors were evaluated in 21 healthy subjects and 21…
(more)
▼ Dietary and microbial factors were evaluated in 21 healthy subjects and 21 subjects with severe dental caries. An interview-based 24-hour multiple-pass recall questionnaire was used to record dietary information. Supragingival plaque was collected from healthy teeth and carious lesions. The bacteria were identified and quantified using an unbiased genetic technique. Analysis of the dietary questionnaire revealed that the exposure time of carbohydrates on the teeth was significantly different between the groups; exposure time also correlated with caries increment. There were no significant differences between percent RDI calories, total carbohydrates, or body mass index. Analysis of the bacterial profiles in plaque showed that the most significantly disease-associated bacteria are Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus species, and Veillonella species. The significantly health-associated species are Streptococcus mitis, infantis, pneumoniae, and oralis. This study shows that eating behavior may be the most significant contributor to dental caries, which involves many different species.
Advisors/Committee Members: Griffen, Ann.
Subjects: Dental care
Keywords: caries
More Like This
26.
Cordero, Maria C.
Intranasal Midazolam Procedural Sedation in the Autistic Patient for Diagnostic Dental Procedures.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2012, Ohio State University
► The reported prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has increased dramatically over…
(more)
▼ The reported prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has increased dramatically over the past three decades. Patients with ASD present with difficulty in social situations and communicative delays. Sensory integration disorders and combative behavior may make collection of diagnostic dental information difficult. Intranasal midazolam offers an approved pharmacologic behavior management technique that requires little patient compliance and increased sedative bioavailability compared to oral regimens. The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of intranasal versed sedation to collect diagnostic dental information on patients with ASD. A Nationwide Children’s Hospital Institutional Review Board approved post-sedation database was kept from 2009 to present day. Twenty-nine records met inclusion criteria of ASD, age 5-18 years, and scheduled for a diagnostic and preventive visit with intranasal midazolam sedation. All treatment and assessment were done under a single pediatric dentist attending and operator. Caregivers of children were contacted within 48 hours of discharge and recover assessed. IRB expedited protocol reviewed bitewing radiographs with 3 raters calibrated to assess diagnostic yield for caries, periodontal disease, and other pathology. The operator rated 76% of sedations successful while 96% of caregivers were satisfied with the procedure. Most patients were discharged within 60 minutes and returned to baseline eating and sleeping in 2 hours or less. Seventy-seven percent of radiographs were moderately to highly diagnostic. Findings support intranasal midazolam as an effective regimen to obtain diagnostic information on ASD patients.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thikkurissy, Sarat.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: autism, sedation, children with special health care needs, midazolam, intranasal
More Like This
27.
Davidian, Edward William Jr.
Impact of Dentist Anesthesiologists on the Advancement of Anesthesia in Dentistry.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2011, Ohio State University
► In order to determine if dentist anesthesiologists (DAs) actively contribute to research…
(more)
▼ In order to determine if dentist anesthesiologists (DAs) actively contribute to research in the field of anesthesiology, and thus contribute new knowledge to the field, an extensive literature search was accomplished. DAs make up only 1.5% of dentists who actively contribute to anesthesia research but account for 10% of publications. To determine if the impact of DA research was similar to the ADA recognized specialties, noted researchers in other specialties were compared to noted DA researchers’ h-indices. The results show that the impact of top DA researchers in dental anesthesiology is similar to the impact of top dental specialty researchers, despite lack of academic departments in dental schools where a large percentage of dental research is completed. Dentist anesthesiologists actively contribute to the research in anesthesiology for dentistry and thus, actively contribute to new knowledge in the field.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ganzberg, Steven.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: Dentist Anesthesiologist; ADA specialty; CODA; research
More Like This
28.
Droll, Brock A.
Local Anesthetic Efficacy of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Red-haired Females.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2011, Ohio State University
► The inferior alveolar nerve block is commonly used in dentistry, but it…
(more)
▼ The inferior alveolar nerve block is commonly used in dentistry, but it frequently fails to induce pulpal anesthesia in mandibular teeth. The exact reasons for failure are not completely known, but red hair could play a role. The genetic basis for red hair involves specific mutations, red hair color (RHC) alleles, in the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene. Previous studies have found that red-haired women and women with the corresponding MC1R mutations are more resistant to lidocaine when given subcutaneously and desflurane when given as a general anesthetic. Researchers have also found that these same individuals report higher levels of dental anxiety. The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to investigate a possible link between certain variant alleles of the MC1R gene or its phenotypic expression (red hair) and anesthetic efficacy of the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in females. One-hundred and twenty-four adult female subjects participated in this study. Each subject was randomly assigned to the right or left side of the mandible. Dental anxiety was determined in each subject using the Corah dental anxiety questionnaire. The subjects were given 3.6 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine via the IANB. Each subject recorded her injection pain on a Heft-Parker visual analogue scale (VAS), and pulpal anesthesia was measured for 60 minutes using an electric pulp tester. Women with red hair and women with 2 RHC alleles reported significantly higher levels of dental anxiety compared to women with dark hair or women with 0 RHC alleles. Women with red hair also reported greater pain on insertion during the injection. No significant differences in anesthetic success were found between any of the groups for any of the teeth measured. Neither red hair nor the MC1R gene was significantly linked to success rates of the inferior alveolar nerve block in women with healthy pulps.
Advisors/Committee Members: Drum, Melissa.
Subjects: Dentistry; Genetics; Medicine
Keywords: ginger; red hair; local anesthesia; lidocaine; inferior alveolar nerve block; IANB; red-haired women; red-haired females; dental anxiety; pain on injection; MC1R; melanocortin; melanocortin-1 receptor gene; pulpal anesthesia; anesthetic efficacy
More Like This
29.
Elgin, Craig Ross.
Factors Affecting Patient Selection of an Orthodontic Practice.
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2012, Ohio State University
► It is valuable for orthodontists to know what factors are important to…
(more)
▼ It is valuable for orthodontists to know what factors are important to prospective patients in selecting an office at which to begin treatment. Objective: To determine the relative importance placed upon different factors for selection of an orthodontic practice by prospective patients. Methods: In a previous study5, St. Louis et al. developed a patient questionnaire that was determined to be both valid and reliable (able to accurately measure the intended target repeatedly). Two versions of the questionnaire were developed: one for adult patients and one for parents of adolescent patients. Questionnaires were mailed to participating orthodontics offices where they were made available to prospective adult patients, and the parents of prospective adolescent patients, on their first visit to that office. Subjects returned completed surveys directly to the investigators. Data were analyzed by a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey-Kramer procedure. Results: In total, 210 surveys were analyzed: 66 from adult patients and 143 from parents of adolescent patients. The 10 most important factors for all subjects were predominantly factors such as being made to feel comfortable, a caring attitude of the doctor/staff, clear communications from the doctor/staff, and a clean office. The 10 least important factors were predominantly “office amenities” (refreshments, play area, parties, school pick-up/drop-off, TV, Wi-Fi, video games, etc) and “doctor demographics” (age, gender, religion, and ethnicity of the orthodontist). Conclusion: Certain factors were consistently important, and others unimportant, for patient selection of an orthodontic practice.
Advisors/Committee Members: Firestone, Allen.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: orthodontics; patient; practice; selection; preference
More Like This
30.
Elmore, Spencer J.
PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED SINGLE-BLIND STUDY TO EVALUATE THE REVERSAL OF SOFT TISSUE AND PULPAL ANESTHESIA USING PHENTOLAMINE MESYLATE (ORAVERSETM).
Degree: MS, Dentistry, 2011, Ohio State University
► Phentolamine mesylate (OraVerseTM) has been reported to significantly reduce the duration of…
(more)
▼ Phentolamine mesylate (OraVerseTM) has been reported to significantly reduce the duration of soft tissue anesthesia. No studies have looked at whether pulpal anesthesia duration is reduced as well. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reversal effects of OraVerseTM on the duration of both soft tissue and pulpal anesthesia. Ninety subjects were seen at two appointments separated by at least 1 week. At each appointment, subjects received an initial injection of 1.8 mL 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine followed by two additional injections at 30 minutes and 60 minutes. Subjects received either a mock OraVerseTM injection at 30 minutes and an injection of 1.7 mL OraVerseTM at 60 minutes or a mock injection at 30 minute and 1.7 mL of OraVerseTM at 60 minutes. The mandibular central and lateral incisor, first and second premolar, and the first and second molar were pulp tested for 120 minutes using an electric pulp tester. Soft tissue anesthesia (lip/tongue) was also recorded during each appointment. Our results showed that pulpal anesthesia was significantly reduced in all teeth except the mandibular central incisor when OraVerseTM was given at 30 minutes versus 60 minutes. Subjects receiving OraVerseTM at 60 minutes can expect a more rapid reversal of pulpal anesthesia versus 30 minutes and should only be given after treatment is complete. Soft tissue anesthesia duration was also significantly reduced when OraVerseTM was given at 30 versus 60 minutes (p<0.0001). For both the 30 and 60- ii minute appointments, soft tissue anesthesia was reduced by 90-160 minutes as compared to previous studies measuring lip/tongue anesthesia duration. In conclusion OraVerseTM significantly reduces duration both soft tissue and pulpal anesthesia when given either 30 or 60 minutes after an IANB injection.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nusstein, John.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: Local anesthetic reversal, Phentolamine mesylate, OraVerse
More Like This
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
