Department: Counselor Education (Education) ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
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1.
Adams, Donna L.
Contemplative Cults, Time Spent in a Cult and Dissociation and Depression in Former Members.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2008, Ohio University
► Little research has been done overall to explore the effects that cults…
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▼ Little research has been done overall to explore the effects that cults have on individuals. Clinical observations noted in the literature have included a connection between contemplative techniques such as prolonged chanting and meditation and speaking in tongues that are used by some cults to disrupt critical thought processes, and symptoms such as trance-like dissociation and depression (Singer and Ofshe, 1990; West and Martin, 1994). Duration in a cult is thought to lead to transient and longer lasting effects (Singer and Ofshe). Using a two-way factorial MANOVA design and a two-way ANOVA design, pre-existing data from 477 former treatment seeking cultists was studied to examine the levels of depression and dissociation in former members of those who have been in contemplative-type cults compared to those who have been in cults where such techniques were not used. The variable of time spent in the group was also examined. Those who have been in contemplative-type cults were found to have higher levels of depression and dissociation. Time spent in a cult does not appear to have an effect on the level of depression and dissociation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Levitt, Dana Heller.
Subjects: Education; Mental health; Personal relationships; Personality; Psychology; Public health; Rehabilitation; Religion; Social psychology
Keywords: cults; cult; dissociation; depression; former members; thought reform; contemplative; meditation; chanting; trance
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2.
Agnew, Carol J.
Buprenorphine as an Efficacious Treatment for Opioid Dependency? A Survey of Counselors Attitudes.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2011, Ohio University
► The purpose of this study was to measure the attitudes of a…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to measure the attitudes of a national representative population of counselors toward buprenorphine as a treatment for opioid addiction. The current study sought to build on the existing literature to include the attitudes of counselors in mental health settings, as these treatment providers are likely to encounter clients with addiction issues. A sample of 65 substance abuse counselors and 57 non substance abuse counselors completed an online survey which examined their respective attitudes toward three treatment options for opioid addiction: 1) Buprenorphine; 2) Methadone; and 3) Counseling. Demographic information was gathered on the survey as well as information related to the experience and familiarity that counselors had with buprenorphine and methadone. Data was analyzed using a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a between and within factor. This analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the mean scores between substance abuse counselors and non substance abuse counselors regarding their attitudes toward the three treatments for opioid addiction. The results indicated that non substance abuse counselors had slightly higher mean scores for all three treatment measures than did substance abuse counselors. However, both groups of counselors had higher mean scores for methadone than for buprenorphine. The reported preference for methadone over buprenorphine in this study suggests that buprenorphine has not yet been readily adopted as an efficacious treatment for opioid dependency. Results further indicated that there were significant differences in attitudes toward treatment for opioid addiction based on buprenorphine, methadone and counseling as treatment options. Additionally, there was no interaction effect between counselor groups and treatment interventions. The implications of these findings, the limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed. This research supports the view that education of counselors regarding the efficacy of buprenorphine is critical if the medication is to increase the availability and accessibility of treatment to individuals with opioid dependency. It further highlights the need for counselor educators to incorporate information regarding pharmacotherapy into content for addiction courses.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Thomas.
Subjects: Counseling Education
Keywords: opioid dependency treatment; attitudes toward buprenorphine; counselor attitudes; buprenorphine treatment
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3.
Al-Bahrani, Muna.
An Investigation of the Help-Seeking Process Among Omani Students at Sultan Qaboos University.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2004, Ohio University
► Matriculation to college life can often pose adjustment problems that require identification…
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▼ Matriculation to college life can often pose adjustment problems that require identification and help. This is especially true in societies where gender separation is the norm. This qualitative study explores the help-seeking process from the subjective and cultural perspective of Omani students. The process of help-seeking behavior within the Omani cultural framework are explored in terms of recognizing and defining a problem, seeking help, and selecting sources of help. A triangulation methodology was used in this study that included two and a half months of observation and interaction at Sultan Qaboos University in the office of Deanship Student Affairs, the Counseling and guidance Center, and the Psychiatric Department of the university medical center. Individual and focus group interviews were conducted. There were two focus groups. Individual interviews were conducted with students, psychiatric patients, staff members, counselors, instructors and physicians as well as a traditional healer. The interviews were, for the most part, extensive dialogues. Statistical documents in regard to student academic probation as well as newspaper articles aided in understanding the Omani help-seeking process. The results show that Omani students experience multiple challenges that impact their psychological adjustments. These challenges can be associated with the novelty of academic life and the coeducational culture of the institution. Freshmen face with new expectations of learning as well as separation from their close ties, struggle to find a balance between their traditional points of reference and the new sets of values to which they are exposed at Sultan Qaboos University. The influence of traditional culture on the dynamic of problem recognition may be expressed by anger and rejection, declining academic achievement, and violation of religious principles. For these students, traditional values and religious practices are seen as key coping mechanisms. The study shows that, at the present time in Oman, and specifically at Sultan Qaboos University, there is a lack of student guidance for addressing help-seeking, and there is a need for established university policies and practices for identifying and addressing student emotional problems.
Advisors/Committee Members: Beamish, Patricia.
Keywords: Help; Seeking; Process; Omani; Student; Sultan Qaboos University
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4.
Anderson, Ruthann Smith.
Counselor Gender Self-Confidence and Social Influence In Counseling: Counselor Perceptions of the Therapeutic Alliance.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2008, Ohio University
► The purpose of this study was to investigate how a counselor's biological…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to investigate how a counselor's biological sex, gender self-confidence (which includes gender self-definition and gender self-acceptance)and the counselor's use of social influence (which includes soft and harsh power bases) within the counseling relationship explains the working alliance between the counselor and client. The sample of 161 participants were surveyed on the working alliance with clients (Horvath and Greenburg, 1989), use of social influence in the counseling session (Raven, Schwarzwald and Koslowsky, 1998), and gender selfdefinition/self-acceptance (Hoffman et al., 2000). A demographics questionnaire provided participant data on the biological sex, age, race, and number of years working as a practicing licensed counselor. This questionnaire also provided information on the counselor setting within which the participants work. The degree of socially desirable answers was evaluated (Crowne and Marlowe, 1960).Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results revealed that harsh and soft power bases, gender self-definition, gender self-acceptance, and biological sex combined to significantly predict the quality of the working alliance, explaining 11.8% of the variance. Harsh power base was the strongest significant predictor in the equation. Results indicated that as harsh power base scores increased, the quality of the working alliance decreased. As gender self-definition scores increased, the quality of the working alliance decreased. As soft power base and gender self-acceptance scores increased, the quality of the working alliance increased. Supplemental analysis revealed (a) statistically significant correlation between harsh and soft power bases, and (b) statistically significant correlation between gender self-definition and gender self-acceptance. Findings support the importance of counselor characteristics regarding use of social influence in the counseling session and the degree of gender self-definition/self-acceptance to build a quality working alliance between the counselor and client. The research provides demographic data on the participants. A discussion of the pilot study results, survey instruments, multiple regression analysis, supplemental analysis, implications/recommendations of the study and directions for future research are presented.
Advisors/Committee Members: Levitt, Dana Heller.
Subjects: Education; Gender; Mental health; Psychology; Social psychology; Therapy; Womens studies
Keywords: counseling; alliance; gender; power; social influence
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5.
Bhat, Christine Suniti.
Supervisors’ Perceptions of Race, Racial Identity, and Working Alliance within the Supervisory Dyad.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2003, Ohio University
► The aim of this study is to examine associations between racial matching,…
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▼ The aim of this study is to examine associations between racial matching, racial identity interactions and working alliance in supervisory dyads. Supervisors’ perspectives are examined to determine relationships between racial identity interactions and racial matching of supervisors and supervisees, and the goal, task and emotional bond components of the supervisory working alliance. Participants were licensed professional counselors holding supervisors’ registration with the state of Ohio’s Counselor and Social Worker Board. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess: (1) supervisors’ racial identity development (Whites or People of Color instrument), (2) the racial identity development of one of their supervisees (Whites or People of Color instrument), (3) supervisors’ perspectives on the supervisory working alliance (goal, task and emotional bond components), and (4) demographic profiles (including race of supervisor and supervisee). On the basis of racial identity interaction, four groups of supervisory dyads were formed: progressive, parallel high, parallel low, and regressive. Four groups were also formed on the basis of race of supervisor and supervisee in each dyad: W-W (both supervisor and supervisee White), POC-POC (both People of Color), W-POC (supervisor White and supervisee POC) and POC-W (supervisor POC and supervisee White). Data were analyzed utilizing multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). These analyses reveal: 1. no significant differences between the fourracial identity dyad groups or the four racially matched or unmatched dyad groups on the three criterion variables (goal, task and bond of the supervisory working alliance). 2.statistically significant differences between thefour racial identity supervisory dyad groups(progressive,parallel-high, parallel-low, and regressive) on a combinedand single measure of supervisory working alliance. 3.statistically significant differences in the strength of supervisory working alliance (on a combined measure of supervisory working alliance, including goal, bond, and task components of the supervisory working alliance)between two groups of supervisees – those perceived by their supervisors as having low racial identity development and those perceived by their supervisors as having high racial identity development. Findings lend credence to the view that racial identity may play a more salient role than race or racial matching within supervisory dyads. Perceptions and reactions toward race of both supervisor and supervisee might be associated with the strength of the supervisory working alliance, and ultimately the efficacy of the supervisory relationship to foster a climate conducive to the growth and development of supervisees as professionals. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Thomas E.
Subjects: Education, Guidance and Counseling
Keywords: Racial Identity Interaction; Racial Matching; Supervisory Working Alliance; Multicultural Supervision; Racial Identity; Supervision Relationship
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6.
Blevins, Wendy M.
Factors Related to the Outcomes of a Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Program for Women.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2008, Ohio University
► This study investigated certain demographic and treatment variables. The sample used included…
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▼ This study investigated certain demographic and treatment variables. The sample used included 125 successful completers of a residential substance abuse program with an average length of stay of 60 days. The program is located in Athens County, OH and serves adult women and allows them the opportunity to participate in treatment with their children. The research question asked in this study was: Is there a relationship between or among residential substance abuse treatment outcomes and selected demographic and treatment variables (i.e., housing status, education level, income level, single substance abuse diagnosis versus dual diagnosis, parent/child/pregnant participation/residence in treatment and employment status at the time of residential substance abuse treatment admission)? The results of this study indicated that pretreatment employment status was the only significant variable of those included in this study that is significant to treatment outcomes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Olsheski, Jerry.
Subjects: Mental health
Keywords: Women's Residential Substance Abuse Treatment; substance abuse; substance abuse treatment variables
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7.
Chang, Shih-Hua.
Codependency among College Students in the United States and Taiwan: A Cross-Cultural Study.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2010, Ohio University
► The purpose of this study was to compare and examine codependency and…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to compare and examine codependency and cultural values of individualism and collectivism reported by college students in the USA and Taiwan. Using cross-sectional data, this study also examined the relationships of codependency with gender, family functioning, self-esteem, and psychological adjustment in college students in these two countries. Convenience sampling was used, with the final two cultural comparison samples comprising 101 undergraduate students from a public university in the Midwest of the USA and 176 undergraduates from a private university in Taiwan. After controlling for differences in cultural orientations, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were employed to assess the relationships between codependency and cultural orientations as well as to determine the predictors of codependency in the total sample and the two cultural groups. The results indicated that codependency was related to cultural values, particularly interdependent/collectivistic cultural orientations, in college students in both Taiwan and the USA. The results also indicated that college students in Taiwan had higher levels of codependency than their counterparts in the USA after controlling for differences in cultural orientations. While gender, family functioning, self-esteem, and psychological adjustment were all significantly predictive of codependency in college students in the U.S. group, gender was not a significant predictor in the Taiwanese group. Contrary to the views of some scholars regarding codependency being higher in females, the results of this study indicated that college males had higher levels of codependency than females in both of the cultural groups. However, only the gender difference found in college students in the USA was statistically significant. While family functioning, self-esteem, and psychological adjustment were all significant predictors of codependency, the importance of those predictors was somewhat different for each cultural group. Further, the results of follow-up analyses showed specific differences in the subscales of codependency as well as the two cultural orientations in college students in the USA and Taiwan. The implications of these findings for counseling college students who experience codependency in both countries as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bhat, Christine.
Subjects: Counseling Education; Counseling Psychology
Keywords: codependency; cross-cultural study; cultural values/orientations; multicultural counseling; college students
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8.
DiNicola, Michael D.
Pathological Internet Use among College Students: The Prevalence of Pathological Internet Use and its Correlates.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2004, Ohio University
► Seven hundred thirty-one traditional age (18-24) college students from a large Midwestern…
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▼ Seven hundred thirty-one traditional age (18-24) college students from a large Midwestern university were assessed with an online survey for an impulse control disorder related to their Internet use. Students reporting four or more symptoms of an impulse control disorder related to their Internet use were categorized as Pathological Internet Users. Seven percent of students in the present study met criteria for Pathological Internet Use. The results of the present study suggest that male students may be significantly more likely to engage in Pathological Internet Use than female students. The present study predicted that freshmen (first-year) students would report significantly more symptoms of Pathological Internet Use than upperclassmen. However, this study did not find significant differences in terms of pathological behaviors orognitions based class standing. The students were also asked to report on how their Internet use impacted various areas of functioning including: current relationships, academic success, getting adequate sleep, and being late for or missing classes. Only 1.2% of students reported their Internet use had negatively impacted their current relationships while 7.9% reported negative impacts on their academic success, 14% reported negative impacts on being late for or missing classes, and 20.7% reported negative impacts on their ability to get enough sleep. Suggestions and considerations are offered for conducting further research online. Finally, the present study offers suggestions for future research of Pathological Internet Use in the college student population and general population.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Tom.
Keywords: Pathological Internet Use; College Student Health; Internet Use; Internet Addiction; Online Research; Impulse Control Disorders
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9.
Dixon, Jason M.
Attitudes toward Acculturative Behavior Scale: Development, Reliability and Validity.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2008, Ohio University
► Numerous measures of acculturation have been developed for use in minority cultures.…
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▼ Numerous measures of acculturation have been developed for use in minority cultures. In this study the Attitudes toward Acculturative Behavior Scale (AABS) has been developed to measure the attitudes of host culture members toward the acculturative behavior of minority cultures. Items from the East Asian Acculturation Measure (EAAM) were modified as well as new items written in line with the theoretical underpinnings of John Berry's bidimensional model of acculturation. One-hundred and twenty six (n=126) host culture members who were counselor trainees in master's-level CACREP accredited programs or in programs closely aligned with CACREP standards participated in this study. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was the principal method for establishing validity of the AABS. The AABS demonstrated acceptable reliability. Some evidence was found for construct validity. The AABS is an appropriate tool for approaching the development of multicultural counseling competencies based on acculturation psychology and is useful in producing evidence of learning in an outcome based education framework. Recommendations for further development of the AABS are presented.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Thomas E.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: acculturation psychology; psychometrics; counselor education; scale development; multicultural counseling competencies; host culture
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10.
Erwin, Terry McVannel.
For, By, and About Lesbians: A Qualitative Analysis of the Lesbian ConnectionDiscussion Forum 1974-2004.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2007, Ohio University
► This study analyzed 170 issues of Lesbian Connection (LC)over a period of…
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▼ This study analyzed 170 issues of Lesbian Connection (LC)over a period of 30 years between October 1974 and November/December 2004 to determine what issues appeared to be of importance to subscribers participating in the discussion forum. The study sought to determine whether those issues were related to sociopolitical activities within and outside the cultural discourse of the time; whether those issues had changed over time; and the meanings, contradictions, and effects of those changes. The analysis was comprised of 4,633 items and letters that fell into eleven categories. These categories, listed from most discussed category to least discussed category over the 30 years of analysis were: Health and Mental Health; Discrimination and Fear; Relationships and Sexuality; Defining Lesbian; Growing Pains; Isolation; Separatism; Networking; Minority Lesbians; Children, Families, and Parenting; and Religion and Spirituality. The findings suggest that lesbians are clearly impacted by the sociopolitical environment from both within and outside the cultural discourse of the time. Yet, sociopolitical issues that one might assume are important to lesbians such as HIV/AIDS or marital rights were relatively unimportant; none of these issues were among the 25 most discussed items. While some issues were fluid and changing, others were stagnant and caused much division in the lesbian community over time. Issues often arose when new generations of lesbians began to challenge the ideologies of older lesbians. This constant push-pull environment created a number of lesbian subcultures, making it difficult for lesbians to form a united community. This study illustrated one way of using a "counterpoint analysis." While recognizing the essentialism of standpoint theory and the vagueness of queer theory in understanding Lesbian, findings were analyzed from both perspectives. The content and narrative analyses assumed an essential lesbian knowledge, while the semiotic analysis called into question the existence of Lesbian, lesbian community or the lesbian experience. Counseling implications and research recommendations are discussed as they relate to the ten most discussed topics.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leinbaugh, Tracy C.
Keywords: lesbian; incest; attitudes toward obesity; relationships and sexuality; attitudes toward transgender lesbians; lesbian youth
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11.
Evans, Jessica Smith.
Assessing and Comparing Attitudes Toward Addiction and Methadone Treatment.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2006, Ohio University
► The aim of this study is to assess and compare the attitudes…
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▼ The aim of this study is to assess and compare the attitudes of six groups of professionals in Ohio on addiction and methadone treatment. Six hundred professionals licensed in the areas of counseling, chemical dependency, social work, or psychology, were mailed the Attitude towards Addiction and Methadone Questionnaire developed in 1996 by Caplehorn, Irwig, and Saunders. Non-responders were mailed a first and second reminder postcard. One hundred and eighty-nine professionals returned completed questionnaires. Five of the professionals have work experience in methadone treatment. Although the questionnaire had five scales, only three of the scales were addressed in this study: Abstinence-Oriented Scale (AO), Disapproval of Drug Use Scale (DDU), and Knowledge of Methadone Scale (Knowledge). Professionals were given the opportunity to address their willingness to provide counseling to individuals on methadone maintenance. Eighteen questions comprised the AO Scale. There were no significant differences in the mean AO scores among the six professional groups. Nine questions on that scale reveal a significant difference in the mean AO scores among the groups. Significant group differences are shown on the six questions that formed the Disapproval of Drug-Use Scale. Responses on the Knowledge Scale do not show significant differences among professional groups, with 93% of professionals lacking knowledge in addiction and methadone. Fifty percent of the Chemical Dependency Counselors indicate an interest in gaining education and training in the area of addiction and methadone treatment. Professionals who viewed methadone negatively advocate for abstinence of all opiates and opioids, and promote the 12-Step philosophy.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Thomas E.
Subjects: Education, Guidance and Counseling
Keywords: opiate addiction; opioids; methadone maintenance counseling; professional attitudes; counselor attitudes; Abstinence-Oriented Scale (AO); Disapproval of Drug Use Scale (DDU); Knowledge of Methadone Scale (Knowledge)
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12.
Farrell, Cornelia A.
Experiences of First-Year Master's Degree Counseling Students: A Grounded Theory.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2006, Ohio University
► This qualitative investigation examined first-year counseling students’ experiences during their first year…
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▼ This qualitative investigation examined first-year counseling students’ experiences during their first year in a graduate counseling program. Nine first-year students participated in two rounds of face to face individual interviews and six students participated in a focus group in order to ascertain the experiences of first-year master’s degree counseling students and to develop a tentative theory grounded in the students’ reports. Responses suggested that first-year students went through a constructivist sense-making process which was based on previous experiences as well as personal expectations in order to understand and make sense of their experience. Four major themes emerged from participants’ responses that shed light on the various factors that affected students’ understanding and ability to make sense of their first year as counseling students. The four main themes were influences, meaning-making, knowledge conceptualization, and competence appraisal. As students reflected and discussed their experiences, it was evident that they had progressed and continued to move through a process whereby the four identified factors were integrated into an existing frame of reference. A discussion of each round of data collection, analysis, and triangulation is provided. The comprehensive, yet tentative, grounded theory is fully described. Implications for counselor educators, including specific pedagogical strategies are provided. Additionally, implications for counseling students and future counselor development research are also included.
Advisors/Committee Members: Levitt, Dana Heller.
Keywords: Counselor development; Constructivism; Sense-making; Graduate student development; Grounded theory
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13.
Glance, Dorea E.
Student Socioeconomic Status and Gender: Impacts on School Counselors' Ratings of Student Personal Characteristics and School Counselors' Self-Efficacy.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2012, Ohio University
► This research focused on how students’ socioeconomic status and gender impact school…
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▼ This research focused on how students’ socioeconomic status and gender impact school counselors’ ratings of student personal characteristics and school counselor self-efficacy. While previous literature focuses on how students’ socioeconomic status and gender impact school counselors’ ratings of academic characteristics such as ability and potential (Auwarter and Aruguete, 2008a), research into how these factors impact ratings of personal characteristics is limited. Also, although research on how students’ socioeconomic status and gender impact teacher self-efficacy is available (Auwarter and Aruguete, 2008b; Childs and McKay, 2001), research into how these factors impact school counselor self-efficacy is not. Two 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA’s were computed in order to determine if any significant differences exist between school counselors’ ratings of student personal characteristics and school counselor self-efficacy based on student socioeconomic status and gender or the interaction of student socioeconomic status and gender. The findings of the research indicate there was a significant difference in school counselors’ ratings of self-efficacy based on student socioeconomic status. There were no significant mean differences in school counselors’ ratings of student personal characteristics based on student socioeconomic status or gender and there was no significant interaction for student socioeconomic status and gender. There were also no significant differences in school counselors’ ratings of their own self-efficacy based on student gender or the interaction of student socioeconomic status and gender. Discussions of the research instrument, data collection procedures, recommendations, and directions for future research are presented.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Thomas.
Subjects: Counseling Education; School Counseling
Keywords: school counselor; self-efficacy; socioeconomic status; gender; student
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14.
Gunnells, Tiffany Ayn Hawkins.
An Exploration of the Relationship between Spirituality and Social Justice Work of Counselors and Counselor Educators.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2008, Ohio University
► The counseling profession recognizes spirituality as a focus of research, education, and…
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▼ The counseling profession recognizes spirituality as a focus of research, education, and practice (Miranti and Burke, 1998). Recently, social justice has been defined as the Fifth Force within the counseling profession (Ratts, D'Andrea, and Arredondo, 2005). The purpose of this study is to examine the role of spirituality in the social justice work of counselors and counselor educators. This study has been informed by literature from a variety of areas: (a) descriptions of spirituality with similarities and distinctions from religion, (b) spirituality in counseling, (c) multicultural issues within counseling, (d) social justice in counseling, (e) intersection of social justice and religion in history, (f) contemporary intersections of social justice and religion, (g) role of spirituality in female adult educators involved with social action education, and (h) egotranscendence in leadership.The following research questions informed this research: 1. What is the intersection between spirituality and social justice in the work and lives of counselors and counselor educators? 2. How do participants describe/make meaning of spirituality? 3. How do participants describe/make meaning of social justice? A qualitative methodology framed through a phenomenological inquiry was employed to explore in greater depth the meanings and experiences of spirituality for counseling professionals involved in social justice activities. A combination of a structured demographic questionnaire and semi-structured interviews was used to gather data.Sampling was done through purposive and snowball sampling from Counselors for Social Justice and the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling,divisions within the American Counseling Association. The use of multiple sources increased the credibility and trustworthiness of the data. Results elicited five major themes: Connections, Relationship and Kinships,Meaning: Frameworks for Living/"Beingness", Transformation and Evolution, and Challenges. The majority of co-researchers shared that spirituality is intertwined with all they do and for some it informs their social justice work. Others found their spirituality was not a necessary prerequisite for social justice work. The descriptions of spirituality and social justice varied for each co-researcher. Implications for counseling practice,counselor education pedagogy, supervision, and outreach will be presented.
Advisors/Committee Members: Heller Levitt, Dana.
Subjects: Education; Mental health; Psychotherapy; Religion; Teaching
Keywords: Spirituality; Social Justice; Counselor; Counselor Educator; Qualitative; Phenomenology
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15.
Henderson, DeAnna L.
A Phenomenological Case Study of the Impact of Autism Spectrum Disorders on the Sibling Relationship.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2010, Ohio University
► The purpose of this study is to understand the impact that Autism…
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▼ The purpose of this study is to understand the impact that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has on the sibling relationship. This dissertation examines the perspectives of siblings of children with ASD. If 4 million children are born in the United States every year, approximately 26,670 children will eventually be diagnosed with an ASD (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009). Since nearly a third of all children with a developmental disability have a sibling, it is important to understand the impact that disability has on the sibling relationship. ASD is a developmental disability that has increased in prevalence over the last couple of decades. The interaction between siblings appears to be of great importance to the sibling relationship (Knott, Lewis, & Williams, 1995). This has even more significance to siblings of children with ASD because a deficiency in social interaction is a cardinal feature of the disorder. For this reason, it seems probable that the interactions of children with ASD and their siblings may differ from other children with siblings both with and without a disability (Knott et al., 1995). This is a qualitative study using naturalistic inquiry. A phenomenological case study was completed to understand how ASD impacts the sibling relationship. The study included five adolescent participants ranging from 11-18 years of age. These participants lived in both urban and rural settings and were within close age proximity (5 years) of their sibling. Data were collected by digitally recorded semi-structured interviews, field notes, and observations. Through data analysis the researcher identified themes and patterns that emerged regarding the sibling relationship. The major findings of this study indicate that having a sibling with ASD does impact the sibling relationship. Four major themes emerged from the analysis of the data. These themes are: “The hardest part of ASD is feeling absolutely helpless,” “That's just the way our family is,” “Having a sibling with ASD has actually impacted my life for the better,” and “It's a blessing and a curse.” Another finding of this research confirmed the need for specialized interventions for siblings of children with ASD. The researcher found that children have a voice that must be heard and respected. Through this research, siblings were given an opportunity to state their wants and needs. The participants stated that more information regarding their sibling's disorder would be beneficial. This finding is imperative for mental health practitioners and service providers. It provides a backdrop for providing effective and appropriate treatment interventions for siblings of children with ASD. Finally, this research documents the need for parents, service providers, and policy makers to recognize and provide the opportunity for treatment interventions specifically for siblings of children with ASD and families of children with ASD. This research also highlights the impact that ASD has on the health and functioning of the entire family. Understanding this influence is vital to the development of key strategies and interventions for families of children with ASD.
Advisors/Committee Members: Robinson, Mona.
Subjects: Rehabilitation; Special education
Keywords: ASD; siblings; sibling relationships; families and autism
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16.
Hudson, Denita N.
The Impact of Supervisors' Race and Years of Experience on The Focus of Supervision.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2007, Ohio University
► The aim of the study is to examine associations between counselor supervisors’…
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▼ The aim of the study is to examine associations between counselor supervisors’ race, years of experience and the focus of supervision. Supervisors’ focus on professional behavior skills, processing skills, conceptualization skills and personalization skills is examined to determine the relationship to race and years of experience. Participants were members of the American Counseling Association who registered as counselor supervisors. The Supervision Emphasis Rating Form-R (Lanning and Freeman, 1994) was used to assess supervisors’ focus in the supervisory dyad. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Analyses revealed: No significant differences between supervisors with zero to two years of experience, two to five years of experience, and over five years of experience when compared simultaneously on the emphasis of personalization skills, process skills, professional behavior skills and conceptualization skills. There were no significant differences between White supervisors and supervisors of color regarding emphasis on personalization skills, process skills, professional behavior skills and conceptualization skills. There were no interaction effects between race and supervisory experience on personalization skills, process skills, professional behavior skills and conceptualization skills. No significance was found regarding the interaction between race and years of experience were found. Findings were consistent with empirical research and counseling literature. Non-significant findings support the position that race alone may not be as important as race in combination with other multicultural variables. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Thomas E.
Subjects: Education, Guidance and Counseling
Keywords: supervisor emphasis; supervisor years of experience; supervisor race
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17.
Jadwisienczak, Hanna.
The Relationship between Adjustment to Disability and Environmental Factors.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2008, Ohio University
► The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adjustment…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adjustment to disability and environmental factors. This correlational study examined a set of demographic variables including age, gender, years of education, disability type, and area of residence combined with the Measure of the Quality of the Environment (MQE) to predict adjustment to disability measured by the Adjustment to Disability – Revised scale (AD-R).The population for this study consisted of individuals with disabilities who were enrolled in the public vocational program. One hundred and nine individuals volunteered to participate in this study. Respondents were asked to complete the survey package including: the MQE measure, AD-R scale, and demographic questionnaire to gather data on individuals with disabilities. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze data. Results revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between adjustment to disability and environmental factors perceived as obstacles (barriers) while taking into consideration a set of demographic variables. After the effects of demographic variables and the facilitator index were held constant, the analysis indicated that the obstacle index explained 7.9% of the variance in the AD-R scale, making a strong and significant contribution to the prediction model. In addition, in this study a set of demographics variables including age, gender, years of education, disability type, and area of residence did not produce a significant prediction equation, meaning that the above demographic variables cannot alone significantly predict adjustment to disability. Supplemental analyses were conducted to examine and provide more detailed information on the relationships among the variables in this study. Significant associations emerged between the following categories of the MQE: Social support and attitudes, Income, labor, and income stability, Government and public services, and Equal opportunities and political orientation, and following subscales of the AD-R: Transformation, Containment, Enlargement, and Subordination. The Physical environment and accessibility and Technology categories of the MQE were not related to the subscales of the adjustment to disability instrument. The finding of the current study supports the position that barriers in the environment clearly influence the lives of individuals with disabilities and obstruct the adjustment to disability process (Badley, 1995; Levasseur, Desrosiers, & Noreau, 2004; Noreau, Fougeyrollas, & Boschen, 2002; Pope & Brandt, 1997). Findings suggest that, in general, individuals who perceived fewer obstacles in their environment reported better adjustment to their disability. This highlights the importance of addressing the environment while working with individuals with disabilities and developing strategies to facilitate better a person-environment fit. The research provides demographic data on individuals with disabilities enrolled in the public vocational rehabilitation program in Ohio. A discussion of the pilot study results, survey instruments, hierarchical regression analysis, supplemental analysis, implications of the study and directions for the future research are presented.
Advisors/Committee Members: Olsheski, Jerry A.
Subjects: Education; Educational psychology
Keywords: disability; adjustment to disability; environment
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18.
Jenkins, Dawn D.
The Self-Efficacy of First-Generation College Students.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2007, Ohio University
► This qualitative research explored the experiences of first-generation college students. This study…
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▼ This qualitative research explored the experiences of first-generation college students. This study sought to determine how self-efficacy affects the level of academic and social success of first-generation college students, as well as learn how first-generation college students defined personal success. Ten traditional-aged undergraduate students at Ohio University, a predominantly White institution, were interviewed. A demographic questionnaire gathered information regarding students’ backgrounds, academic standing, work/family commitments, financial resources and parent’s level of education. The data analysis revealed three emergent themes: family, transitional issues, and success. Results indicated that FGC students’ higher levels of self-efficacy contributed to their academic success. Other factors, such as family expectations and support, and first-year transitional issues were also found to be contributing factors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Levitt, Dana K.
Subjects: Education, Guidance and Counseling
Keywords: First-Generation College Students; Self-Efficacy; Underrepresented Students; Grounded Theory
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19.
Jones, Jodi Denell.
Sexual Offender, Sexual Abuse Victim, and Generalist Population Therapists' Perceptions of Permissive Parent-Child Sexual Boundaries and Altered Perceptions of Self, Others, and Adaptation to the World as a Result of Vicarious Trauma.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2008, Ohio University
► The purpose of this study was to determine if therapist levels (therapists…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to determine if therapist levels (therapists who treat sexual offenders, sexual abuse victims, and general population clients) differ in terms of therapists overall perceptions of permissive parent-child sexual boundaries and therapists altered perceptions of self, others, and adaptation to the world as a result of vicarious trauma. Participants in this study consisted of graduate level therapists holding membership in one of three professional organizations: (a) Association for Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA), (b) American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (APSAC), (c) American Mental Health Counselors Association (AMHCA). Data were collected using four instruments: (a) Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS; Pearlman, 2003), (b) Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS; Bride, 1999), and (c) Permissiveness of Parent- Child Sexual Boundary Scale (PPCSBS), and (d) demographic questionnaire. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. Significant differences in the levels of therapists were found based upon professional organization membership. However, examination of the effect size (.05) found the differences between the therapist levels to be quite small and unimpressive. ATSA members reported significant differences in increased disrupted cognitive schemas (as measured by TABS) compared to APSAC members and AMHCA members. ATSA members scored significantly higher on the TABS subscales for Other-Safety, Other-Trust, and Other-Esteem. AMHCA members reported significant differences in permissive parent-child sexual boundaries behaviors (as measured by PPCSBS) compared to APSAC and ATSA members. AMHCA members reported sexual boundary behaviors to be appropriate for only younger age children, while the APSAC and ATSA members reported sexual boundary behaviors to be appropriate for both younger age and slightly older age children. No significant differences in the levels of therapists were found based upon the number of hours per week treating sexual offender and sexual abuse victim clients together. However, supplemental analyses found increased TABS subscale scores of Other-Safety, Other-Trust, and Other-Esteem for therapists treating sexual offender clients 20 or more hours per week. No significant differences in the levels of therapists were found based upon the number of years of clinical experience. Lastly, examination of the PPCSBS instrument found the scale to be unrelated to the TABS and STSS. The TABS and STSS were found to be highly correlated instruments of vicarious trauma. Thus it appears that therapists' perceptions of permissive parent-child sexual boundaries are unrelated to symptoms of vicarious trauma.
Advisors/Committee Members: Beamish, Patricia.
Subjects: Education
Keywords: vicarious trauma; therapists; parent
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20.
Joseph, Mary-Anne M.
A Phenomenological Study Exploring the Educational, Vocational and Social Experiences of College Educated Individuals Who are Visually Impaired.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2010, Ohio University
► Students who are visually impaired have significantly lower educational and vocational success…
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▼ Students who are visually impaired have significantly lower educational and vocational success rates than their nondisabled peers (Hasazi, Johnson, Hasazi, Gordon, & Hull, 1989; Nagle, 2001). A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted to explore the educational, vocational and social experiences of college educated individuals who were visually impaired in order to determine how these experiences impacted them educationally, vocationally and socially. The participants of the study were 16 individuals who were visually impaired, nine were college students and seven were college graduates. The findings of this study fell under three primary themes:1) Self Advocacy and Acquiring Accommodation, 2) Work Related Experiences and 3) Reactions to Visual Impairment. Five findings were related to Self Advocacy and Acquiring Accommodations, they included: 1) The reasonable accommodations that were received by college students who were visually impaired. 2) The positive and negative role of college and university Disability Support Service offices. 3) The inaccessibility of technology on college campuses, 4) Self advocacy and 5) Transportation. Six findings were related to Work Related Experience, they included: 1) The employer's lack of knowledge about visual impairment. 2) Self advocacy. 3) A lack of work experience. 4) Working in companies with a primarily blind population. 5) Inaccessible software and 6) Transportation. Six findings were found to be related to Reactions to Visual Impairment, they include: 1) People’s reaction to visual impairment. 2) The participant’s reaction to their own visual impairment. 3) Involvement in organizations for the blind and visually impaired, 4) Transportation and 5) Use of a White Cane. Recommendations were made for college and university disability personnel, rehabilitation professionals and individuals who are visually impaired.
Advisors/Committee Members: Robinson, Mona.
Subjects: Education; Higher education; Rehabilitation
Keywords: visual impairment; college educated; education; employment; social experience
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21.
King, William E.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF INDIVIDUALS IN TRANSITION FROM WELFARE TO WORK IN AN APPALACHIAN AREA.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2007, Ohio University
► This qualitative study explored the phenomenological or “lived experiences” of current and…
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▼ This qualitative study explored the phenomenological or “lived experiences” of current and former welfare recipients who are in transition from welfare to work and who live in an Appalachian area of southern Ohio. By utilizing in-depth qualitative interviews the researcher identified emerging themes and patterns of adjustment employed by the participants to help facilitate their transition from welfare to work. Those services, resources, policies, and procedures that the participants perceived to be effective in assisting them to make the transition from welfare to work were identified. In addition, those services, resources, policies and procedures that were perceived by the participants to be ineffective were noted. Any remaining needs, challenges, or barriers that the participants believed to be thwarting their efforts to achieve self-sufficiency were examined as well as the participants’ recommendations as to how to address those issues.
Advisors/Committee Members: Olsheski, Jerry A.
Subjects: Education, Guidance and Counseling
Keywords: Welfare Reform; Welfare to Work; After TANF
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22.
Kostohryz, Katie.
The Comprehensive Examination in Counselor Education Doctoral Programs: A Study of Faculty's Perceived Purposes.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2011, Ohio University
► This research focused on faculty’s perceptions of the comprehensive examination in counselor…
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▼ This research focused on faculty’s perceptions of the comprehensive examination in counselor education doctoral programs. While the comprehensive examination is a staple in counselor education doctoral programs, empirical research on the purpose and format is limited and outdated for this assessment tool (Peterson, Bowman, Myer, & Maidl, 1992; Thomason, Parks, & Bloom, 1980). A between-within repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was computed to evaluate any significant differences in perceptions of faculty toward five stated purposes of the comprehensive examination (to assess lower levels of cognitive complexity, to assess higher levels of cognitive complexity, to promote a beneficial learning experience, to prepare students for future scholarship, and to maintain tradition) as it relates to their current format of the comprehensive examination (traditional and nontraditional). The findings of the research showed significant differences in perceptions within the five stated purposes of the comprehensive examination. There was no significant mean difference between faculty’s perceptions of the stated purposes and the current format of the comprehensive examination; however, a significant interaction was found between the format and purposes of the comprehensive examination. Discussions of the research instrument, data collection procedures, recommendations, and directions for future research are presented. These findings also provide direction for the adoption of the 2009 Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Education Programs Doctoral Student Learning Outcomes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Thomas.
Subjects: Counseling Education
Keywords: comprehensive examination, counselor education, faculty perceptions, doctoral degree, doctorate degree
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23.
Leisure Whitlatch, Alissa A.
The Impact of Cult Membership on Career Development and Employment.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2009, Ohio University
► Cults are widespread throughout the world and many have been shown to…
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▼ Cults are widespread throughout the world and many have been shown to have negative effects on individuals who have been members of these types of groups. There is a lack of research completed addressing career development and employment in the recovery of cult survivors. Because of the limited amount of research concerning the impact of cult membership on career development, other populations who have experienced similar types of coercive relationships were examined including those involved in intimate partner abuse. The literature review indicated that victims of cult membership and survivors of domestic violence might experience some of the same issues that negatively impact their career development and employment. This study examined the following research question: Are the career development and employment of former cult members impacted by the length of time they participated in a cult, their level of education, their perceived need for vocational rehabilitation services and their mental health symptoms? A non-random sample of 56 former cult members who underwent treatment at the Wellspring Retreat and Resource Center participated in the study. Data for this study were received from two sources: the Work and Cult Recovery Index, a non-standardized instrument developed for this study, and scores from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) that were retrieved from the existing database at Wellspring. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the predictors. The results indicated a rejection of the null hypothesis indicating that as a set, the 4 independent variables were significantly related to the perceived impact that cult membership had on career development and employment. The perceived need for vocational rehabilitation services and the length of time spent in the cult demonstrated a significant relationship with the perceived impact of cult participation on career development and employment. These two variables were both negatively correlated with the dependent variable as was expected. As a result, those individuals who perceived a need for vocational rehabilitation services were more likely to perceive that cult participation negatively impacted their career development and employment. Similarly,individuals who spent more time in the cult were more likely to perceive that cult participation negatively impacted their career development and employment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Olsheski, Jerry A.
Subjects: Mental health; Psychology; Rehabilitation; Social work
Keywords: cults; cult membership; thought reform; coercive relationships; brainwashing; employment; career development; vocational rehabilitation services
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24.
Lewis, Denise Y.
Juvenile Delinquency: An Examination of the Disproportionality of Minority vs. Non-Minority Juvenile Offenders Involved with the Juvenile Justice System.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2009, Ohio University
► The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of disproportionality…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of disproportionality of minority vs. non-minority youth involved with the juvenile justice system. The study examined the impact of racial/ethnic identity on juvenile offenders by comparing the data between minority and non-minority juvenile offenders to determine if there were differences in the types of criminal offenses committed, and the disposition received from the Franklin County Juvenile Court in Ohio. The data used for this study was obtained from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas, Division of Domestic Relations and Juvenile Branch. The data consisted of 304 unidentifiable records for youth that had contact with the Franklin County Juvenile Court in Ohio. The data analyzed was for the years 2006 through 2008. A Chi-square test of independence was used to compare groups and to determine if interactions were statistically significant. The Chi-square results of the study concluded that minority youths were somewhat more likely than non-minority youths to commit public order offenses and property offenses, based on the expected count and the observed count. Minority youths committed 13.3 more public order offenses than expected, and 5.4 more property offenses than expected. Of the total public order offenses, minority youth accounted for 67.2% as compared to 32.8% of non-minority youth. Of the total property offenses, minority youth accounted for 65.5% as compared to 34.5% of non-minority youth. The data also indicated that minority youth were less likely than non-minority youth to commit person offenses, based on the expected count and the observed count. However, although minority youth committed 16 fewer person offenses than expected, the ratio of person offenses when compared to non-minority youth was 55.9% to 44.1% respectively. In fact, for each type of offense committed, the ratio of minority juvenile offenders to non-minority juvenile offenders was higher. Additionally, minority youths were more likely than non-minority youths to receive incarceration and county supervision, based on the expected count and the observed count. Minority youths were incarcerated 4.8 times more than expected, and received county supervision 11.3 times more than expected. Of the total number of youth who were incarcerated, minority youth accounted for 80% as compared to 20% of non-minority youth. Of the total number of youth under county supervision, minority youth accounted for 73% as compared to 27% of non-minority youth. Also, minority youth were less likely than non-minority youth to receive sanctions/restitution, based on the expected count and the observed count. Non-minority youth were given sanctions and allowed to make financial restitution 10.6 times more than expected, while minority youth were afforded the same disposition 10.6 times less than expected. These sanctions and restitution included completing community service, paying fees/fines, and participating in the Juvenile Restitution Program. Minority juvenile offenders (youth under the age of 18) face great challenges with regard to fairness in the current justice system. Thus, the expected results of this study would be to strengthen the awareness of the need for fair and equitable delivery of justice for juveniles. This study also provides recommendations for treatment and service delivery to juveniles to include referrals and counseling as opposed to incarceration and other harsh penalties. This information can be used by counselors, educators, judges, prosecutors, political leaders, service providers, community groups and parents, to enable them to see these biases and work to eliminate the disparity in inequitable penalties that are handed down to youth.
Advisors/Committee Members: Robinson, Mona.
Subjects: Criminology; Minority and ethnic groups; Social research; Social structure
Keywords: juvenile delinquency; disproportionality; juvenile court; minority youth; juvenile offenders
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25.
Lindsey, Charles Vance.
The Experiences and Perceptions of Students Exposed to Popular Film as a Pedagogic Tool in Counselor Education: An Exploratory Study.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2005, Ohio University
► This constructivist grounded theory research study explored Master's level counselor education students'…
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▼ This constructivist grounded theory research study explored Master's level counselor education students' perceptions and experiences of being exposed to popular film clips for pedagogic purposes in the classroom. Over an eight month period, students in seven different counselor education courses were exposed to pedagogic film clip experiences in their classrooms. From this group of students drawn from two Midwestern universities, three rounds of face-to-face individual interviews and a focus group were conducted and forty participants described their classroom film experiences. Transcriptions of the interviews and focus group were used to gather data and to develop a constructivist grounded theory. Participants' descriptions of their experiences and perceptions indicated that students engage in a complex experiential meaning-making process as a result of exposure to and discussion of their film experiences. This experiential meaning-making process involves students making assessments regarding the level at which they will engage with the film experience, and includes personal reactions that surface for students. The experiential meaning-making process is also evident as students interact and discuss their film experiences within the social context of the classroom; as they attempt to connect the film clip material with course content; and as they integrate the film experience into their learning. Students' experiential meaning-making processes, dynamics of engagement, personal reaction experiences, social interaction processes, and involvement with cycling course content as a result of film experiences mutually influence each other. Students who participated in this study also described the significance of peer interaction and a positive and encouraging classroom environment in their experiential meaning-making processes. Students further endorsed film clips as being a powerful tool for those who are visually-oriented, and emphasized that the clips assisted in bringing course concepts to life. Additionally, students described their film experiences as being most effective when clips are introduced, delivered, and then adequately processed and connected with course content. A discussion of each round of data collection, analysis, and triangulation is provided. The constructivist grounded theory of student engagement with popular film clips used as a pedagogic tool is provided. Professional implications, limitations, and implications for future research are also included.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Thomas E.
Subjects: Education, Guidance and Counseling
Keywords: Popular film use; Pedagogy; Counselor education; Constructivist grounded theory; Experiential learning; Experiential meaning-making
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26.
Llewellyn, Heidi A.
An Exploratory Study of the Relationship between Compassion Fatigue and Empathy in Professional Counselors.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2009, Ohio University
► The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the relationship between…
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▼ The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the relationship between compassion fatigue and empathy in professional counselors. The sample of 371 participants was surveyed using the Basic Empathy Scale (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2005), the Professional Quality of Life Scale (Stamm, 1995) and the Impact of Events Scale (Horowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979). A demographics questionnaire was utilized to gather data on race, gender, age, type of licensure, number of years licensed, clients information, work settings, and personal and professional experience with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, MANOVA procedures, and supplemental analyses. The results of the regression analysis found that compassion fatigue accounts for 4.8% of the variance in empathy scores as measured by their designated surveys. The results of the MANOVA found that the research participants' compassion fatigue and empathy scores were not different based on years of experience as a professional counselor. The supplemental analyses included further regression and MANOVA analyses. The supplemental regression analysis found that it is possible to construct a prediction model using a regression analysis that explains 6.6% of the variance in empathy scores. The supplemental MANOVA constructed percentile rankings based on years of experience in order to further investigate the role of experience in the variance of compassion fatigue and empathy scores. The results found the counselors' compassion fatigue and empathy scores were not significantly different based on experience as grouped by the percentile rankings. Discussions of the research instruments, data analysis procedures, recommendations, study implications, and directions for future research are presented.
Advisors/Committee Members: Robinson, Mona.
Subjects: Mental health; Psychology; Social psychology
Keywords: compassion fatigue; vicarious trauma; empathy; counseling
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27.
Marote, Melissa A.
Finding The Two-Way Street: Women from Mother-Present/Father-Absent Homes and Their Ability to Make Close Female Friendships.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2011, Ohio University
► This heuristic study involving seven coresearchers, which included the author, explores the…
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▼ This heuristic study involving seven coresearchers, which included the author, explores the experiences of women from mother-present/father-absent homes and their ability to form and maintain close female friendships. The heuristic research model was chosen to provide the opportunity to conduct research in a very personalized, collaborative way with my coresearchers. From our first meeting through the creative synthesis, it was vital to use a research model that honored the exploration of feelings with all their associated meanings. Little was found in the literature that paired father absence and women's ability to form close female friendships. The author wanted to discover if other women from mother-present/father-absent homes had challenges forming and maintaining close female friendships. Some of the coresearchers' experiences (our ability to form and maintain close female friendships, the effects from our fathers' absence, and the meaning we ascribed to these experiences) were substantiated by the literature, while others were not. Some information could not be examined because it could not be located in the literature. Six core essence themes (which contained 44 dominant themes) including: the satisfaction of close female friendships, obstacles faced in making close female friends, mother's influence also needs consideration, yearning for Daddy, and father behaving badly are explored in detail.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leinbaugh, Tracy.
Subjects: Counseling Education
Keywords: father; father absence; divorce; separation; female friendship
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28.
McGlothlin, Jason M.
Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs: An Evaluation of the Perceived Benefit of Core Curriculum Standards to Professional Practice.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2001, Ohio University
► The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perceived benefit of…
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▼ The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perceived benefit of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) (2001) core curriculum standards. To date, such an investigation has not been conducted utilizing a population consisting of various professional counselors. In addition, few studies have been conducted on the newly adopted CACREP (2001) standards. 641 individuals participated in this study. Respondents were obtained from a six percent proportional randomized sample of members from the American Mental Health Counselors Association, American School Counselor Association, and the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision. A single instrument (containing open-ended and likert-scale questions) was developed for this study and utilized in two forms: (a) a standard paper-pencil survey distributed via postal mailing, and (b) an Internet based on-line survey distributed via electronic mail. The response rate for this study was 62.7% with the majority of response obtained from the on-line form of the survey. The perceived benefit of the core curriculum standards and sub-standards were statistically analyzed via descriptive statistics, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and a principal components analysis. Descriptive statistics were also utilized to analyze what curricular standards were not included in the respondent's graduate education. Overall, the results of this study shows that all of the CACREP (2001) core curriculum standards are perceived as being at least minimally beneficial to professional practice. Helping Relationships and Human Growth and Development is perceived as the most beneficial while Research and Program Evaluation, Assessment, and Professional Identity were among the core curriculum standards perceived as less beneficial. In addition, a variety of differences were found between the perception of Mental Health Counselors, School Counselors, and Counselor Educators in terms of the perceived benefit of the core curriculum standards. 50.4% of responded indicated that clinical instruction (especially practicum and internship) was the single most beneficial aspect of graduate training. In addition, the core curriculum standards that contain the majority of applied content are found to be more beneficial than other standards. Therefore, results of this study suggest that clinical instruction and applied course content is highly beneficial to professional practice.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Thomas E.
Subjects: Education, Guidance and Counseling
Keywords: Counselor Education; CACREP; Curriculum; Perceived Benefit; Counseling
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29.
Menigat, Donna Jean Owens.
Exploring Expert Counselors' Spiritual Development and How It Contributes to Their Counseling Work.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2007, Ohio University
► This qualitative research study explored expert counselors’ spiritual development and how it…
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▼ This qualitative research study explored expert counselors’ spiritual development and how it contributed to their counseling work. During a five week period, twelve expert counselors were interviewed in a variety of locations around the state of Ohio. Transcripts of the interviews, along with demographic data, vitas, researcher’s case notes, additional information obtained through follow-up phone calls and e-mails were used to glean information for themes in their discourse. Each participant mentioned a spiritual core or connection as an important component of their spirituality. Relationships were highly valued. Finding meaning in life’s joys and sorrows or assisting clients and others towards discovering meaning was another element mentioned by all. The expert counselor participants had a strong faith base with all of them believing in a God, higher power or connection and committed to their own spiritual traditions. Eleven pray and meditate regularly. Nine spoke of their spiritual core or inner guide contributing to their desire to make right choices for their life. Five individuals believed all of their life was spiritually oriented and the remaining group averaged more than ten hours weekly on their spiritual practices. The majority of the participants consistently address spirituality in their counseling work. Seven participants regularly assessed their clients at the intake session for spiritual values and beliefs. Two others waited until their client disclosed a spiritual interest and then attended to the issue. This study’s results provide support for the concept of spiritual core and connection providing a lens or way to make meaning of life events, inspiration to create a purposeful life which brings holistic health, satisfying relationships and opportunities to be in flow or in sync with that spiritual energy. A discussion of the data collection and analysis is presented. Implications, limitations and conclusions are incorporated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Thomas E.
Subjects: Education, Guidance and Counseling
Keywords: spirituality; counseling; expert counselors; relationships; central core; connection
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30.
Miller, Dina L.
The Effects of Gender and Client Sexual Orientation on Counselors’ Attitudes and Self-efficacy.
Degree: PhD, Counselor Education (Education), 2004, Ohio University
► Research examining the effects of client sexual orientation on counselors’ attitudes has…
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▼ Research examining the effects of client sexual orientation on counselors’ attitudes has focused on clinical judgment biases and diagnostic evaluation. These samples are often counseling students or counselor trainees. Little research has examined practicing counselors’ attitudes toward clients of different gender and sexual orientation using self-efficacy measures. The current study uses a gender stratified national sample of practicing counselors to examine the effects of gender and client sexual orientation on counselors’ attitudes and self-efficacy. The effects of counselors’ general self-efficacy and cognitive complexity are controlled. An experimental design with random assignment is used to group participants into four comparison groups. A client vignette is used differing only by gender and sexual orientation. A semantic differential attitude instrument and three Counselor Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE) subscales are the dependent measures. Counselor gender, client gender, and client sexual orientation are used as independent variables. The four covariates are general self-efficacy, measured by two COSE subscales, and three counselor cognitive complexity scores, measured by the Repertory GRID. No interaction or main effects are found among the groups. When covariates are removed, one interaction effect is found between client gender and client sexual orientation. Counselors report more self-efficacy when counseling the homosexual female or the heterosexual male vignette client than the homosexual male or the heterosexual female vignette client. Implications for research, practice and training are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Beamish, Patricia.
Keywords: Counselor Attitude; Counselor self-Efficacy; Sexual Orientation; Cognitive Complexity; Counselor Gender and Attitudes
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