Department: College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
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1.
Beavis, Katherine Anne.
To Couple or Not to Couple: The Effects of Romantic Relationships on Health Behaviors Among College Students.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2008, Miami University Honors Theses
► The current study examines the impact of college romantic relationships on health…
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▼ The current study examines the impact of college romantic relationships on health behaviors. The participants in this study were 50 undergraduate couples from a midsized Midwestern university. Each couple had been in their relationship for at least three months. Each participant completed a survey that included questions about alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking behaviors, and eating habits. Dominance was also assessed as a possible factor in effecting change in the behavior of partners. The study found that the college students in relationships increased alcohol consumption from before the relationship to now, while smoking and eating behaviors tended to stay the same. Dominance may also play a role for women in alcohol consumption. The limitations of this study and future directions are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ward, Rose Marie.
Subjects: Health; Personal relationships; Psychology
Keywords: Health behaviors; romantic relationships; college students; dominance
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2.
Crowe, Michelle L.
Reports of Emotional Expression and Control in Indian and American College Students.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► Although some aspects of emotional expression are universal, considerable variation exists across…
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▼ Although some aspects of emotional expression are universal, considerable variation exists across cultures in the ways in which emotions are expressed (Cole, Brushi, Tamang, 2002). The present study seeks to discover cross-cultural differences and similarities in emotion expression among Indian and United States college students. A total of 268 participants (United States: n=160 and India: n=108) completed a self-report measure depicting hypothetical vignettes and a series of questions assessing likely emotions elicited, expressiveness, rationale for expression and control, and method of expression. Results showed variation in the emotions reported in response to some of the vignettes, with Indian participants reporting more other-focused emotions. US participants more commonly reported direct communication of the emotion, while Indian participants more frequently reported direct or discreet communication of the situation that caused the emotion.
Advisors/Committee Members: Raval, Vaishali.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: emotion expression, emotion, culture
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3.
DeBord, Elizabeth N.
Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Manual for Educators.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► The first four sections of this manual will provide educators with in-depth…
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▼ The first four sections of this manual will provide educators with in-depth knowledge regarding childhood bipolar disorder. The first section is a general introduction of the disorder and provides information on diagnosis and treatment plans for children who have the disorder. The second section describes the emotional states that children with bipolar disorder may experience during different mood episodes. These emotional states often manifest with many interrelated symptoms. The third section discusses the effects that childhood bipolar disorder has on the social competence of the child. The fourth section describes how academic success can be hindered by childhood bipolar disorder. The fifth and final section gives educators, ranging from teacher to counselor to coach, real-world application techniques to take what they have learned in the previous chapters and provide better environments for their students who have been diagnosed with childhood bipolar disorder.
Advisors/Committee Members: McMahon-Klosterman, Kathy.
Subjects: Educational Leadership; Educational Psychology; Mental Health; Psychology
Keywords: childhood bipolar disorder; bipolar disorder; education; mental illness in classroom; pediatric bipolar disorder
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4.
Desai, Miraj Upendra.
Everyday Prejudice in a Post-9/11 World: Rationalizing Ridicule.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2005, Miami University Honors Theses
► The tragic events of September 11, 2001 seemed to have a profound…
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▼ The tragic events of September 11, 2001 seemed to have a profound effect on the American story, or what it means to be living in America. Ramifications of this story, however, proved damaging to those who were seen as “not fitting in.” As a result, many in the Middle-Eastern and South Asian communities experienced harmful backlash. This thesis critically examines this “new American narrative” in the context of those still left marginalized as a result of discrimination after 9/11. Taking insights from hermeneutics and counter-narrative, it presents the stories of four individuals deeply affected by discrimination in the post-9/11 environment. Their stories are intended to help elucidate the lived experience of those dealing with similar circumstances, and the ways they try to make sense of their identity and community. Overall, this thesis should bring to the fore the issue of how we view democracy and pluralism in a post-9/11 world.
Advisors/Committee Members: Knudson, Roger M.
Keywords: Narratives; Discrimination; Nationalism; Ethnic Identity
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5.
DeVore, Bethany Rebekah.
Two Short Stories About Anxiety Disorder and Their Psychological Analyses.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2005, Miami University Honors Theses
► One of the difficulties facing people with Anxiety disorders is the lack…
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▼ One of the difficulties facing people with Anxiety disorders is the lack of understanding from society about what they go through. This thesis is an attempt to bring Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Social Anxiety/Phobia out of textbooks and theories through short stories, with the goal of allowing readers to understand and experience the disorders at a personal level. The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV and other research into each disorder are incorporated through the characters’ personalities, thought patterns and reactions to their worlds, as well as the situations that brought about the development of the disorders. Each story is followed by a psychological analysis that provides a brief explanation of the disorder in clinical terms and demonstrates its presence in the story through specific examples.
Advisors/Committee Members: Biran, Mia.
Subjects: Psychology, Clinical
Keywords: short stories; post-traumatic stress disorder; social phobia; anxiety disorders
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6.
Doolittle, James J.
An Attributional Analysis of Standardized Testing and Outcome Expectancy: The Results Are In.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2007, Miami University Honors Theses
► The current study examines a crucial aspect of standardized testing—the presentation of…
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▼ The current study examines a crucial aspect of standardized testing—the presentation of results to students. Participants of this study were college-aged and recruited from a Midwestern mid-sized university. They were asked to complete 41 math and verbal SAT questions, which were later scored and presented to the students in a criterion- or norm-referenced manner. The effects these two types of feedback have on the participants’ attributions (to effort, ability, luck, and task difficulty) and their future expectancy were examined. The study found that the method of reporting does not affect what the participants attributed their success or failure outcome to, or their future expectancy. The limitations of this study and suggestions for future directions are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ward, Rose Marie.
Keywords: Attribution; Standardized Tests; Expectations; Feedback
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7.
Fortin, Chelsea.
Women's Attitudes and Knowledge of Infertility Treatments.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► The field of infertility medicine has witnessed a surge of scientific developments…
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▼ The field of infertility medicine has witnessed a surge of scientific developments and an equally dramatic increase in media coverage in the past decade. However, research on public attitudes and knowledge of infertility treatments has remained minimal. This study examined social structural predictors of women’s attitudes and knowledge of these treatments via an online survey. The survey was administered to a sample of 287 women, all of whom were in their twenties, thirties, or forties. Many of the social structural factors examined yielded significant differences in attitude and knowledge scores. As frequency of attending religious services increased, attitudes towards infertility treatments became successively less favorable. In regards to knowledge, women tended to be less knowledgeable of these treatments as household income decreased. Age was not significantly related to either attitudes or knowledge, although women in their thirties were generally the most supportive. A significant positive association was also found between attitudes and knowledge of infertility treatments. Because of the range of socioeconomic and ethical issues raised by the field of infertility medicine, the study of public attitudes and knowledge of these treatments has important implications for a variety sectors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stasser, Garold.
Subjects: Health Care; Psychology
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8.
Helbing, Rachel.
Women and Steel Bands in Trinidad.
Degree: BS, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2004, Miami University Honors Theses
► Steel bands were developed in Trinidad during the 1940s and 1950s. Since…
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▼ Steel bands were developed in Trinidad during the 1940s and 1950s. Since then, they have become popular both in Trinidad and around the world. At the time of their development, steel bands were exclusively male. Since the 1970s, women have increased their participation in this musical idiom. This paper examines two possible reasons for women’s historically limited participation in steel bands. First, early steel bands’ association with violence and outcasts of society may have discouraged women from participating because of fear of personal injury or social stigma. Second, Trinidad’s patriarchal culture has prevented women from participating in steel bands. This has occurred in several ways. First, women have been discouraged through the perpetuation of the idea that women belong in the home. Second, women have been discouraged by violence and harassment. Third, women have been discouraged by discrimination they have faced in the workplace. As the violent image of women in steel bands has decreased, women have increased their participation. Also, as women have achieved increasing rights and status in Trinidad, they have also increased their involvement in steel bands. The paper also outlines the current status of women’s involvement in steel bands in Trinidad.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tanner, Christopher.
Subjects: Music
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9.
Hileman, Camilla Marie.
A New Cognitive Perspective: The Revised Componential Model of Autism.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2005, Miami University Honors Theses
► This thesis will discuss previous hypotheses for the cognition of autism and…
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▼ This thesis will discuss previous hypotheses for the cognition of autism and present a new model to more fully explain the cognition of autism. The Theory of Mind Hypothesis, the Executive Dysfunction Hypothesis, and the Weak Central Coherence Hypothesis will be noted as valuable but incomplete explanations of autism. These hypotheses all highlight the existence of a specific deficit in autism, but these deficits cannot singularly explain the cognition of autism. The Componential Model of Theory of Mind will be discussed as a more comprehensive explanation of autism. The Revised Componential Model will be introduced as a new model that generalizes the Componential Model of Theory of Mind beyond the social realm. This model will emphasize lower-level cognitive components, namely perception and processing. Furthermore, the model will show that lower-level cognitive components have a significant influence on higher-level cognitive components. Future directions for research will be discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Shore, Cecilia M.
Keywords: autism, cognition, sensation, perception, processing, human development
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10.
Hobbs, Meghan Elaine.
E-Bullies: The Detrimental Effects of Cyberbullying on Students' Life Satisfaction.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2009, Miami University Honors Theses
► Recently psychologists have begun studying a new phenomenon known as cyberbullying. However,…
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▼ Recently psychologists have begun studying a new phenomenon known as cyberbullying. However, as yet there is still very little research into the effects of cyberbullying for the students involved. The current study examined the correlation between cyberbullying and students’ life satisfaction. It was hypothesized that cyberbullying would be negatively correlated with students’ life satisfaction for the victims of cyberbullying, the cyberbullies, and the cyberbully-victims. Additionally, it was hypothesized that involvement in cyberbullying, as a victim, bully or bully-victim, would be more negatively correlated with life satisfaction than would involvement in traditional bullying, as a victim, bully, or bully-victim. Survey data was gathered from 398 elementary school students from southwestern Ohio. Students’ experiences with bullying were assessed using questions from the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, while questions from the Brief Multi-dimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale were used to assess six domains of students’ life satisfaction. The results of the study indicated that being a cyberbully was significantly negatively correlated with global life satisfaction. Also, being a traditional bully was significantly negatively correlated with satisfaction with family life. Furthermore, cyberbullies and cyberbully-victims were found to have lower satisfaction with family life and school experience than were cybervictims or students who were not involved in cyberbullying. There were no other significant correlations found. The results from this study, along with previous cyberbullying research, suggest that cyberbullying is not as prevalent among elementary school students, as it is among middle school and high school students. Further research into effects of cyberbullying among middle school and high school students is necessary to ascertain if it would negatively affect life satisfaction for those students.
Advisors/Committee Members: Flaspohler, Paul.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: Cyberbullying, Bullying, Life Satisfaction
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11.
Jackson, Ellen F.
Parent Child Boundary Dissolution Across Cultures: A Comparison of College Student Perceptions in India and the United States.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► In Western cultures, appropriate parent-child boundaries are considered crucial to healthy child…
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▼ In Western cultures, appropriate parent-child boundaries are considered crucial to healthy child development. Parent-child boundary dissolution, the loss of psychological distinctiveness between parents and their children or confusion of interpersonal roles (Kerig, 2005) has been implicated in negative child mental health outcomes in Western cultures (Barber 1996). However, it is reasonable to suspect that cultures vary in individuals’ subjective experience of parent-child boundary dissolution. The purpose of this study was to use mixed-methods to compare the subjective experience of parent beliefs and behaviors typically associated with parent-child boundary dissolution in college students in India (n=110) and those in the United States (n=250). Results indicate that parent beliefs and behaviors associated with enmeshment and role reversal were experienced more frequently and perceived more positively in Indian emerging adults as compared to those in the US. Results are discussed in the context of cultural differences in parenting goals and parent-child relationships.
Advisors/Committee Members: Raval, Vaishali.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: parent-child relations; boundary dissolution; psychological control; cross-cultural differences; mixed methods
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12.
Johnson, Jessica Brooke.
Prevalence of Disordered Eating at a Midwest University; How Accurate are the National Statistics?.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2005, Miami University Honors Theses
► Colleges and universities are noticing striking increases of restrictive eating, preoccupation with…
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▼ Colleges and universities are noticing striking increases of restrictive eating, preoccupation with weight, extreme methods of weight-control, and occasional binge eating habits in their students (Klemchuk, Hutchinson, and Frank, 1990). No past research has specifically focused on the university participating in this experiment, so the goals of this study were to determine what percentage of Miami students show symptoms of disordered eating, placing them at risk for an eating disorder; determine the impact that perceived university values have on disordered eating behaviors; and determine which factors are associated with eating disorders. Participants completed the EDI-2 (Garner, 1991), BULIT-R (Thelen, Farmer, Wonderlich, and Smith, 1991), demographic survey, and one question examining participants’ perceptions of peers’ values. Results indicate Miami students show significantly lower rates of disordered eating than the national average. Further results indicate appearance and academics were significantly correlated to EDI-2 subscales; there are significant differences in BULIT-R and EDI-2 scores between males and females, but no significant differences between year in school. These results will lend insight into the myth that Miami has a higher prevalence of eating disorder tendencies than the national estimated average of 20% among college students.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ward, Rose Marie.
Subjects: Psychology, General
Keywords: Eating Disorder; Disordered Eating; Diet; Anorexia; Bulimia
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13.
Keaney, Colleen.
The Transition Experience from High School to College: A Look at Single-Sex Versus Coeducational High School Female Graduates at the Collegiate Level.
Degree: BS, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2004, Miami University Honors Theses
► This study examined the impact of the transition to a coeducational (coed)…
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▼ This study examined the impact of the transition to a coeducational (coed) college on female single-sex vs. coed high school graduates on academic achievement, social behavior, and psychological well-being, as well as their gender-related beliefs in college. Previous research has documented that women from single-sex schools benefit from their education academically both during and after high school, and have less gender-stereotypical beliefs than their coed peers. Other research has shown that coed women benefit psychologically over single-sex women because of their high school environment. This study found that single-sex women perform better academically in college than coed women, but experience larger decreases in comfort in their transition to college. However, no significant differences were found in psychological well-being or gender-stereotypical beliefs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Diekman, Amanda.
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14.
Keel, Jessica Michelle.
Body Modifications as Related to College Students' Reported Risky Behaviors and Self-Image.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2004, Miami University Honors Theses
► Engaging in the practice of body modification via tattooing and body piercing,…
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▼ Engaging in the practice of body modification via tattooing and body piercing, a practice often considered “body mutilation” by psychological research, is increasing in popularity in America today (Stirn, 2003). Prior studies identify a positive correlation among American juveniles possessing body modifications and their participation in adverse activities; such behaviors include alcohol use, cigarette smoking, marijuana use, prescription drug abuse, cocaine use, unprotected sexual practices, and illegal motor vehicle operation (Brooks, Woods, Knight, and Shrier, 2003; Burger and Finkel, 2002). The present study assesses the relationship between involvement in the aforementioned detrimental behaviors and the practices of tattooing and piercing in a college population. Self-image of both modified and non-modified students is also evaluated. A sample of 351 undergraduate students from a mid-sized university voluntarily participated by completing an anonymous survey. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and group mean comparisons, revealing an existing relationship between body modification practices, self-image, and participation in risky behaviors. The nonsignificant results of this study suggest more testing is in order to see if there any real basis for the social stigma placed upon those who express their individuality in indelible ink and surgical steel exists.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ward, Rose Marie.
Subjects: Psychology, General
Keywords: Body Modification; Tattoo; Body Piercing; Self-Esteem; Self-Image; Drug Use; Alcohol; Marijuana; Prescription Drug Abuse; Cocaine; Sexual Activity
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15.
Kelley, Erika L.
Women's Conceptualization of Their Unwanted Sexual Experiences: A Focus on Labeling, Time since Assault, Psychological Functioning and Risky Sexual Behavior.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2009, Miami University Honors Theses
► Many women will experience rape. How a woman conceptualizes her rape experience…
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▼ Many women will experience rape. How a woman conceptualizes her rape experience may predict her psychological and sexual functioning post-rape. The time since assault may also impact labeling and post-assault functioning. The current study examined psychological functioning, sexual behavior and risky behavior among a sample of 721 college-age women from a large Midwestern university. Additional analyses focused on a sub-sample of 146 rape victims to examine the link between labeling and psychological distress, risky sexual behavior, and risky substance use. Labeling was assessed as a continuous variable, and was analyzed for each of the following label types: rape, sexual assault, and nonconsensual. Results suggested that characteristics of the assault, disclosure and social reactions, and attribution and blame predicted extent of labeling type. Labeling was associated with higher psychological distress, riskier sexual behavior and substance use. Meanwhile, more recent assaults were associated with higher risky sexual behavior, and decreased labeling. Implications for future research are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Messman-Moore, Terri.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: Sexual Assault, Labeling, Time, Risky Sexual Behavior
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16.
Kendra, Matthew S.
How Do Biological and Psychosocial Perspectives of Mental Illness Affect Stigma?.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2007, Miami University Honors Theses
► The stigma of mental illness may be better understood by examining the…
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▼ The stigma of mental illness may be better understood by examining the factors in the stigmatization process. The effect of a biological or psychosocial perspective of mental illness on perceptions of responsibility, identification, and stigma was examined. Participants were 18–26 year-old college students; 44 men and 84 women. Participants read either schizophrenia or depression vignettes paired with either a biological or psychosocial perspective, and completed questionnaires consisting of a wide range of stigma-related variables. Perspective failed to influence stigma, but a psychosocial perspective was related to an increase in perceived responsibility; both a decrease in perceived responsibility and an increase in identification was correlated with a decrease in stigma. Targeting responsibility and group identification may prove useful for organizations and professionals interested in reducing the stigma of mental illness.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dowd, Timothy G.
Keywords: Stigma, Mental Illness, Identification, Responsibility/Blame, Biological/Psychosocial Perspective
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17.
Kleimeyer, Katherine Jean.
Social Norms, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Disorder Symptoms.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► This study examined the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms…
(more)
▼ This study examined the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms and the moderating effect socials norms play in this relationship. Specifically, perceptions of peer thinness ideals, peer acceptability of eating disorder behaviors, the prevalence of eating disorders, and peers' body dissatisfaction were examined in a non-clinical sample of college men and women. Body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms did not have a relationship in the male sample. For females, norms of peer thinness and peer acceptability moderated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders with an additive effect. This study has implications for prevention and intervention efforts.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ward, Rose Marie.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: eating disorders, body dissatisfaction, social norms
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18.
Ludwin, Brian.
Change, not charity: A developmental model for promoting active citizens at Miami University.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2007, Miami University Honors Theses
► We began the project as a means of recapturing the original intent…
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▼ We began the project as a means of recapturing the original intent of the Social Action Center (SAC) as a mechanism of moving service-learning programs past charity and into change through a progression of specific identities. Ross Meyer was the principal architect of SAC, and proposed a vision of a university office that was a centralized place where diverse groups of people could meet to deliberate pathways for solving the community, university, and students’ problems. Meyer’s work focused principally on a top-down approach in engaging students. Our model maintains his original goal, but tries to base it in the development of individual actors in a set of interconnected programs with strong community ties—contextualizing the whole process in the framework of citizenship. Utilizing our research into developmental pathways and the development of democratic citizenship within the university as a theoretical background, we have developed a model that hopes to generate agents of change who are effective citizens. The process of nurturing agents of change involves three identities: individualistic volunteerism, informed volunteer, and change agent. Distinct from these identities, effective citizenship describes a body of people asserting their right to self-government. In conclusion, we hope to have developed a plausible pathway to effective citizenship that uses the university as a means to foster civil society.
Advisors/Committee Members: Knight Abowitz, Kathleen.
Subjects: Political Science, General
Keywords: service-learning; student development; citizenship
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19.
Masso, Nicholas J.
The Coordination Table: Augmented Furniture to Read Rapport in Dyadic Interaction.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► In the field of augmented furniture, many pieces of furniture use technology…
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▼ In the field of augmented furniture, many pieces of furniture use technology to comment on human interaction. One piece, Nikolovska’ Conversation Table, uses microphone and LEDs to comment on dominance in conversation. This paper develops this notion further by incorporating psychological research to create a furniture set that can read subtleties in dyadic interaction. This Coordination Table is a table and two chairs that use sensors to read the posture of each person. A connected laptop analyzes this data in realtime to calculate how similar the usersʼ posture is. According to psychological research, people with similar posture, especially over time, tend to have higher rapport. The Coordination Table uses this finding to estimate the rapport currently experienced by the dyad, based on its data. This paper outlines the software and technology used to construct a prototype Coordination Table. The table was also informally tested to prove that it could detect differences in posture due to higher or lower rapport. Although it has not been evaluated to work exactly as expected, it was shown to detect differences between users engaging in different activities. The author also discusses potential applications for the Coordination Table technology, including its usefulness for psychological research, its potential utility in performance art, and its potential feasibility as a commercial product.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tonski, Jacob.
Subjects: Architecture; Communication; Computer Science; Psychology; Social Psychology
Keywords: rapport; psychology; augmented furniture; interaction design; physical computing; furniture; nikolovska; posture; research; electronics; dyads; dyadic interaction; conversation; interpersonal communication
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20.
McGuire, Daniel.
The Story of Trait Theory: Why Leadership Should Never Forget.
Degree: BS, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2004, Miami University Honors Theses
► The following paper is a journey of trait theory as it applies…
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▼ The following paper is a journey of trait theory as it applies to the research topic of leadership. The first half is comprised of early research from Ralph Stogdill who conducted a comprehensive analysis of the leadership literature in the year 1947, and then again in 1970. The 1947 analysis covered the years 1904-1947 while the 1970 study tackled the years 1948-1970. This was a very significant time period for trait theory where many interesting and revolutionary discoveries took place. The second half of the paper focuses on contemporary articles and publications where trait theory has been employed in the study of leadership. Diverse examples from these contemporary sources include the civilian world, the college environment and the military. While Stephen R. Covey isolates eight essential characteristics that create effective leaders, the collective work, Common Fire, lists six main attributes required for today’s leader, and Ken Parry outlines for readers what he feels are the nine characteristics of a “new leader.” In terms of military analyses, Frances J. Yammarino and Bernard M. Bass perform an interesting study titled Long-Term Forecasting of Transformational Leadership and Its Effects Among Naval Officers, and Herbert Barber compares the personality characteristics of senior military officers to a general population of male college students. Finally, a study of the top five leadership traits as chosen by a sample of Air Force ROTC cadets is compiled by myself. Through the discussion of these works on leadership, many interesting parallels to the 1947 and 1970 studies can be seen, as well as noticeable differences.
Advisors/Committee Members: Langdon, Emily.
Subjects: Psychology, Personality
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21.
Morris, Nicole K.
Perception, Cognition, and Action in the Execution of a Motor Skill.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► Perception, cognition, and action are the three components required to execute a…
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▼ Perception, cognition, and action are the three components required to execute a motor action. However, research combining all three facets of action is scarce. The current research aims to combine all three components of perception, cognition, and action and study each component within individuals. It was predicted that perception, cognition, and action are related, but are primarily separate entities and function as such. This was expected to be manifested in inconsistencies of skill between perception, cognition, and action within each individual participant. The current study used billiards to gauge the three components of action. Specifically, a bank shot in billiards was used to frame the study. It was found that perceptual cognitive error was significantly greater than motoric error when shooting a shot in billiards.
Advisors/Committee Members: Johnson, Joseph.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: motor skill; billiards; cognitive load; cognition; action
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22.
Okamoto, Jill M.
How Much Influence Does a Parent Have? The Relationship Between Perceived Parenting Style, Substance Use, and Academic Achievement Behaviors Among College Students.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2005, Miami University Honors Theses
► Baumrind (1968, 1971, 1991) has identified three primary types of parenting styles:…
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▼ Baumrind (1968, 1971, 1991) has identified three primary types of parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. Studies have shown that the authoritative parenting style is often linked to low substance use behaviors and high academic achievement among adolescents compared to the authoritarian and permissive styles (Adalbjarnardottir and Hafsteinsson, 2001; Dornbusch, Ritter, Leiderman, Roberts, and Fraleigh, 1987; Gonzalez, Greenwood, and WenHsu, 2001; Radziszewska, Richardson, Dent, and Flay; 1996). The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether or not this same relationship exists at the college student level. The relationship between student substance use and academic achievement and perceived parenting style was examined for the mother, father, and parents as one unit. The findings of this study indicate that there is no difference between the substance use and academic achievement behaviors reported between students with authoritarian, authoritative, or permissive parents. Further research is needed in this area to assess whether or not perceived parenting style actually does influence college student behaviors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ward, Rose Marie.
Subjects: Psychology, General
Keywords: parenting styles, substance use, academic achievement, college students
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23.
Parkhurst, Julie.
Attitudes, Identity, and Self-Esteem: Implications for Lesbian, Bisexual, and Questioning Women.
Degree: BS, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2004, Miami University Honors Theses
► The relations among implicit and explicit measures of sexual orientation attitudes, identity,…
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▼ The relations among implicit and explicit measures of sexual orientation attitudes, identity, and self-esteem were explored, as well as how these measures related to sexual- orientation related behaviors. On an explicit level, this study found that self-esteem increased as participants reported more outness, more positive attitudes toward their own sexual orientations, and less time trying to pass as straight. This study also found differential predictive validity of implicit and explicit measures for predicting sexual-orientation related behaviors in lesbians, bisexual, queer, and questioning women. As people reported a larger amount of time being out of the closet, they revealed more positive attitudes toward homosexuality (as assessed by implicit and explicit measures), greater homosexual identity (as assessed by implicit and explicit measures), and greater self-esteem (as assessed by the explicit measure). Implications for understanding the use of implicit and explicit measures in general and for research on sexual orientation attitudes and related behaviors in particular are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: McConnell, Allen R.
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24.
Philips-Roth, Emily Anne.
Coping and Enhancement Motives in Female College Drinkers: Patterns of Alcohol Use, Problems, and Risky Behavior.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► This 10-week prospective study was conducted to further the understanding of the…
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▼ This 10-week prospective study was conducted to further the understanding of the relationship between coping and enhancement motives and patterns of alcohol consumption, negative consequences/problems, and risky behavior in college women. Participants were 424 college women from a midsized Midwestern university, who completed weekly surveys about their alcohol use, problems associated with alcohol use, general risky behaviors, risky sexual behaviors, and alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. Participants were divided into four groups based upon high internal drinking motives (high-combined, high-coping, high-enhancement, and non-internally motivated). The high-combined group and high-enhancement groups generally had the highest alcohol consumption and drug use, and risky sexual practices with strangers. The high-coping group had the most alcohol-related problems after accounting for alcohol use, risky sex with a regular partner, and was at the greatest risk for alcohol-facilitated sexual assault both retrospectively and prospectively. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Messman-Moore, Terri.
Subjects: Clinical Psychology; Psychology
Keywords: college women; drinking motives; alcohol-related problems; risky sex
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25.
Royer, Meghan N.
Effect of Repetition on False Memory for Same- and Cross-Race Faces.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► The study will investigate the use of frequency estimation strategy on accurately…
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▼ The study will investigate the use of frequency estimation strategy on accurately identifying same-race and cross-race faces. Previous research shows that people have difficulty when recognizing cross-race faces compared to same-race faces. When encoding information such as faces, people use multiple strategies: familiarity and recollection. Previous research has shown that as presentation frequency increases, participants are able to switch from a familiarity-based strategy to a recollection-based strategy. This change increases the accuracy of frequency estimates for previously seen faces and for related, yet previously unseen, faces (false memories). The current study looks at the dependant variable of false memory to study when participants switch strategies from familiarity-based to recollection-based. True target faces were seen during the study phase of the experiment, and participants were later tested on how many times each face had been seen. The test phase also included faces that were never seen before which featured half of the characteristics of the study phase to act as false targets. However, an error on the part of the experimenter prevented analyses from being conclusive. Overall, there were no significant differences in recognition or frequency estimation accuracy for true or false targets as a function of race.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wessels, Peter.
Subjects: Cognitive Psychology; Psychology; Social Psychology
Keywords: cross race effect; false memory
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26.
Saltzman, Ashley.
ESL Programs That Work for America’s Growing Hispanic Population: A Review of Current Research.
Degree: BS, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2003, Miami University Honors Theses
► English as a Second Language (ESL) has been an important topic throughout…
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▼ English as a Second Language (ESL) has been an important topic throughout the history of this country. This paper examines history, laws, population demands, and current research regarding ESL education. A local ESL program is described, evaluated, and utilized as a real-world example to compare with the “ideal” program that is identified. Implications of numerous studies are outlined and ESL teacher qualifications and testing/evaluation practices are considered. Finally, important recommendations are made for current and future ESL programs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fox-Barber, Denise.
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27.
Scheer, Allison.
Understanding the Impact of Sexual Victimization and Public Self-Consciousness on Eating Disorders.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2003, Miami University Honors Theses
► This study examined public self-consciousness, or the tendency to focus on the…
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▼ This study examined public self-consciousness, or the tendency to focus on the observable aspects of oneself, as a mediating factor between sexual abuse and eating disorders. Further, given that few studies have assessed the effects of both child and adult sexual victimization on eating disorders, sexual abuse in childhood and adulthood were examined. A sample of 301 college women completed self-report questionnaires. As predicted, high levels of public self-consciousness (PSC) were related to characteristics and behaviors indicative of eating disorders. However, contrary to prediction, women who reported adult rape reported higher PSC levels than women without histories of rape, but women who reported childhood sexual abuse (CSA) did not report higher levels of PSC than women who had not experienced CSA. When rape survivors and CSA survivors were compared on PSC, no differences emerged. No relationship was found between CSA and eating disorder symptoms, although adult rape experiences predicted eating disorder symptoms. In addition, multiple sexual abuse experiences (e.g. repeated adult victimization and child-to-adult revictimization) appeared to have a cumulative impact on eating disorder symptoms. Future research should examine the cumulative effects of sexual abuse further, particularly the effects of repeated adult victimization. It appears that the initial trauma may cause psychological distress which puts women at increased risk for both revictimization and eating disorders. The results of this study emphasize the importance of both child and adult sexual abuse experiences and public self-consciousness among individuals with eating disorders.
Advisors/Committee Members: Messman-Moore, Terri L.
Subjects: Psychology, General
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28.
Sebastion, Katherine.
A Qualitative Study of Mothering as a Survivor of Childhood Sexual Abuse:.
Degree: BS, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2004, Miami University Honors Theses
► Childhood sexual abuse has not only short-term consequences but may also give…
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▼ Childhood sexual abuse has not only short-term consequences but may also give rise to effects that extend into adulthood, influencing all aspects of an individual’s life. An aspect of life that is most critically affected is parenting. In this study, the role of mothering as a survivor is explored using qualitative techniques of content analysis and grounded theory, and a theory of the process of mothering as a survivor of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is developed, utilizing data from questionnaires and phone interviews with CSA survivor mothers. The theory formed, entitled, “Making the Journey on an Unpredictable Sea,” is indicative of the experiences and challenges of CSA survivor mothers. A deeper understanding of the process of mothering as a CSA survivor may aid therapists in their work with mothers who have been victims of childhood sexual abuse.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wright, Margaret O.
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29.
Sisson, Wade B.
Development and Implementation of an Interdisciplinary Psychophysiology Curriculum.
Degree: BA, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2011, Miami University Honors Theses
► The Center for Psychophysiology at Miami University has recently been tasked with…
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▼ The Center for Psychophysiology at Miami University has recently been tasked with the creation of a curriculum that explores the methodology of human electroencephalography. This Honors thesis outlines and develops the first course in a topic sequence in psychophysiology. In addition to the actual course proposal, various class materials are presented; these include a syllabus, activity descriptions, and assessments. The hope is that these materials will aid students in developing the skills required to administer an electroencephalography procedure to a participant while also providing a conceptual framework upon which other courses may build. The author also provides a rational and explanation of his approach towards the creation of this curriculum.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thomas, Robin.
Subjects: Education; Educational Tests and Measurements; Psychology
Keywords: Psychophysiology; curriculum; pedgogy
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30.
Szczepanik, Edward.
Six Steps to Effective Leadership.
Degree: BS, College of Arts and Sciences - Psychology, 2003, Miami University Honors Theses
► Leaders are all around us. We find them in corporations, sports teams,…
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▼ Leaders are all around us. We find them in corporations, sports teams, schools and the armed forces. Leadership styles in any organization are as varied as the personalities of the individual members. There is no agreed upon style for effective leadership, but there are some tried and true methods we can employ. This paper is written for young leaders and provides a conceptual groundwork for effective leadership. You will not find all the answers here, but you will find the first step on the road to your own leadership style. The five main principles I present in this paper (Know Your People, Care About the Mission, Lead by Example, Be Selfish and Be Prepared-the sixth principle is discussed at the conclusion of chapter 5) are based on my experience as the Cadet Wing Commander of the 640th Cadet Wing, Air Force ROTC. In the fall of 2002 I was responsible for training 125 cadets to become officers in the United States Air Force. There were several general principles and many specific tactics I employed throughout the semester. I believe there was a certain formula to my leadership during those fifteen weeks I was in command. I began by getting to know my people and listened to their concerns. In turn I showed them enthusiasm for our training mission and helped the cadets find value in everyday tasks and duties. I worked alongside my subordinates to show them I was only superior to them in rank and authority, not in personal value. I chose the best cadets/people as my top advisors and reaped the benefits of our balanced personalities. I prepared diligently for public appearances and as a result effectively delivered my thoughts and expectations to the cadet wing. These principles worked for me and will provide a solid base for any young leader. Use this manuscript as a springboard to more effective leadership, and remember even the slightest bounce will propel you to a higher place.
Advisors/Committee Members: Richards, Jon.
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