Department: Speech Pathology and Audiology ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
66 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
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1.
Avery, Taniesha.
Exploring Issues Related To The Education Of African American Students: A Brief Intervention For Children Who Use Ebonics In Their Writing.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2005, Miami University
► This study explored issues related the education of African American students; particularly…
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▼ This study explored issues related the education of African American students; particularly the usage of Ebonics in writing. This study was designed to explore the effects of an instructional writing program called contrastive analysis (CA) on the Ebonics usage in the African American students. The study included an experimental group who received the CA instruction and a control group. Formal and informal writing assessments were obtained at pre and post test. Both sets of assessments were analyzed for Ebonics features. The results highlights change in Ebonics features from pre to post test including standard scores from pre to post. Limitations with the study are also presented as well as directions for future research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kahn, Alice.
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2.
Baker, Katherine Louise.
Cognitive Evoked Auditory Potentials and Neuropsychological Measures Following Concussion in College Athletes.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2008, Miami University
► Over 800 athletes suffer from concussion in the United States each day,…
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▼ Over 800 athletes suffer from concussion in the United States each day, resulting in over 300,000 concussions each year. Recent data has revealed that the incidence of mild traumatic brain injury is on the rise for many different sports, placing athletes at higher risk. Damage is caused by the shearing of axons, which results in swelling and loss of limited function. Electrophysiologic techniques, specifically event-related potentials are one of the most frequently used cognitive assessments. Event-related potentials are a non-invasive method to gather a baseline of cognitive processes and to evaluate cognitive deficits. The current study investigated the sensitivity of event-related potentials in the identification of cognitive deficits following concussion in college athletes. Neuropsychological and electrophysiological measures were collected from two groups of participants allocated by injury versus non-injury. Results from the study found important differences between non-concussed and concussed athletes using electrophysiological measures and neuropsychological test measures.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hutchinson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Cognitive therapy; Communication; Speech therapy; Sports medicine
Keywords: cognitive evoked auditory potentials; electrophysiology; neuropsychological measures; event-related potentials; ERP; P300 waveform; concussion; college athletes; mild traumatic brain injury; latency; amplitude; cognitive deficits; athletics
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3.
Banwasi, Rakshita A.
Views of American Versus Indian Speech Language Pathologists on Diagnosing and Treating Parkinson's Disease.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2004, Miami University
► The present study investigated the role of a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in…
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▼ The present study investigated the role of a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in diagnosing and treating patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Forty SLPs from the U.S. and forty from India were selected at random from the American Speech Language Hearing Association and Indian Speech Language Hearing Association directory respectively. Participants completed a 15-minute oral survey. An initial phone call was made to determine the date and time for conducting the survey and to obtain consent. The results suggested that the American SLPs are significantly more aware of the basic facts regarding diagnosing and treating patients with PD, including specific speech and language techniques. This difference is mainly due to the greater caseload for the American SLPs and the issue of referrals of patients with PD to the Indian SLPs . Prior experience in dealing with patients with PD led to greater SLPs knowledge of diagnosing and treating PD. Most of the American SLPs obtained their knowledge about PD through workshops and continued education units while majority of the Indian SLPs relied on the internet to obtain their information on PD. Only a few of them did obtain their information through classroom education, workshops, and other resources.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kahn, Alice.
Keywords: SLP; PD; SPEECH; PARKINSON; American SLPs
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4.
Bennington, Katherine Elizabeth.
Assessment of Football Activities Associated with Sports-Related Concussions.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2009, Miami University
► The growing number of injuries and fatalities in athletes due to traumatic…
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▼ The growing number of injuries and fatalities in athletes due to traumatic brain injuries has led to an increase in the need for additional research. The purpose of the study was to determine the football activities that yield the greatest number of concussions in order to gain knowledge about additional risk factors for sustaining a concussion. The study included 40 football players from Miami University who sustained a concussion from 1999 to 2008. The results revealed football players performing a running play have a greater risk for sustaining a concussion, and 75% of concussions occurred in the offensive position for running, passing, kick-off, and blocking plays. In addition, running plays consistently caused the highest number of concussions sustained over a ten-year period.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hutchinson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Sports medicine
Keywords: Football; Concussions; Sports
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5.
Brown, Diana Lynn.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Effects of Speech Output and Iconicity on Symbol Acquisition.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2006, Miami University
► The purpose of this study was to determine if the degree of…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to determine if the degree of iconicity of picture symbols and the presence and absence of speech output affects the acquisition and usage of symbols. This study consisted of a between subjects design with 48 children from the Southwest, Ohio area. The children were presented with iconic and opaque Blissymbols in both speech and no speech output condition. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the number of trials needed to acquire transparent and opaque symbols with speech and no speech output. Clinical implications, future research, and limitations are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hutchinson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Speech Pathology
Keywords: augmentative and alternative communication; graphic symbols; iconicity; speech output
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6.
Byrnes, Anne M.
The Effectiveness of a Hearing Conservation Program for Fourth Grade Students.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2003, Miami University
► Hearing conservation programs (HCP) used in industrial work settings reduce noise induced…
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▼ Hearing conservation programs (HCP) used in industrial work settings reduce noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) in adults. There is a growing movement to adapt HCPs for use with children as a means to prevent hearing loss in later life. The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of a HCP appropriate for use in fourth grade classrooms. It was hypothesized that this program could significantly improve knowledge of ear anatomy and how hearing loss occurs, as well as increase willingness to practice hearing protection strategies. Two 4th grade classrooms received the HCP. Outcome measures were compared with a control group. The results indicated a significant increase in overall knowledge from pre to post test results compared to the control group. The intervention also increased willingness to practice hearing conservation strategies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kelly, Laura J.
Keywords: Hearing Conservation Program; Children; Fourth Grade
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7.
Cannon, Nichole Lynn.
The Effects Of Floor Time on Communication Interaction Behaviors Between Typically Developing Preschoolers and Preschoolers with Autism.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2006, Miami University
► It is important for children with autism to form social relationships among…
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▼ It is important for children with autism to form social relationships among peers to prevent social isolation and to experience the benefits of developing social contacts. The current study trains preschool peers how to interact with their peers with autism through the use of floor time. Floor time is an educational model adopted by Stanley Greenspan.. The purpose of the study was to determine a.) Can typical preschoolers implement the steps of floor time with their peers with autism and b.) Do peers with autism demonstrate an increase in their communication interaction with their typical peers when the steps of floor time are implemented? The current study had four participants, two typical preschoolers and two preschoolers with autism. Results indicated that typical preschoolers can learn to implement the steps of floor time with their peers with autism. The study also showed children with autism exhibit increases in communication behaviors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hutchinson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Speech Communication
Keywords: autism; floow time; preschoolers; language
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8.
Christofaris, Lynne D.
Semantic and Phonological Relationships to Word Retrieval during Aging.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2008, Miami University
► Previous research has shown an age-related decline in word retrieval and has…
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▼ Previous research has shown an age-related decline in word retrieval and has explored the lexical system's role in word retrieval. This study examined how semantics, phonology, and age relate to word retrieval. Twenty healthy adults participating in the study completed a battery of verbal tests and a questionnaire investigating the impact of word retrieval deficits and strategy use. Data showed age related word retrieval deficits primarily in the length of time needed to complete tasks. Less frequent strategy use was reported by older adults. Semantic and phonological knowledge were not found to be impacted by the aging process or to be related to word retrieval abilities. Results support the theory that declines in executive functioning are partly responsible for word retrieval deficits. The study also suggested that confrontational naming tasks may not be sufficient measures of word retrieval.
Advisors/Committee Members: Constantinidou, Fofi.
Subjects: Speech therapy
Keywords: word retrieval; aging; semantic system; phonological access; executive functioning
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9.
Clayton, Gregory Scott.
FEATURE TRAINING AND PROPER NAME RECALL IN OLDER ADULTS.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2007, Miami University
► The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of…
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▼ The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of perceptual feature training with 25 older and 26 younger adults. A multitrial, cued-recall paradigm was implemented to train the use of 8 perceptual features: age, height, weight/body type, race/ethnic group, hair color, complexion/skin tone, facial expression, and detail. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) did not reveal significant differences between groups during untrained name-recall tasks. While the multitrial paradigm was effective in teaching the features to all subjects, older subjects required significantly more trials to learn the features. The application of features in name-recall tasks did not result in improved performance, probably due to overload in the executive systems. The relationship between neuropsychological assessment performance and naming as well as implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Constantinidou, Fofi.
Keywords: normal aging; proper name recall; feature training
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10.
Corcoran, Briana Christine.
Duration and distance of hyoid bone movement as observed by ultrasound: The influences of flavor and nectar-thick consistency.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2011, Miami University
► The purpose of this study was to establish parameters regarding the total…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to establish parameters regarding the total distance and duration of hyoid bone displacement during water and sour boluses of regular and nectar-thick consistencies among young and older adults. Distance and duration parameters for hyoid bone displacement in adults will assist in safe and accurate diagnoses of dysphagia. Thirty-two young adults and five older adults were assessed via an ultrasonic procedure. Following the capture of a swallow, hyoid bone measurements and durations were obtained through frame-by-frame analysis. Results indicated that aging did not significantly affect the distance of hyoid bone movement when participants were presented with water, nectar-thick water, cranberry juice, and nectar thick-cranberry juice. Further analysis indicated that mean hyoid bone movement for the water condition was longer than the mean movement of all other conditions. Any change observed in duration of hyoid bone displacement was determined to be insignificant across all conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scarborough, Donna.
Subjects: Speech Therapy
Keywords: Hyoid bone; ultrasound; aging; dysphagia; adults; swallowing; sour bolus; cold bolus; nectar-thick
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11.
Davis, Lindsey Brooke.
Efficacy of Audiologic and Otologic Outcome Measures to Predict Middle Ear Status.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2003, Miami University
► The purpose of this study was to investigate the most effective diagnostic…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to investigate the most effective diagnostic protocol for health care professionals to determine the middle ear status of the pediatric population. Children ages 0 to 6 years that were seeking medical attention from their primary physician were selected to participate. Data was collected to determine the specificity and sensitivity rates of the following otologic and audiologic measures: 1) pneumatic otoscopy, 2) conventional tympanometry, 3) multifrequency tympanometry, and 4) Ear Check, an acoustic reflectometry screener marketed to parents for at-home use. The diagnoses provided between the physician using pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry were both similar, agreeing in diagnosis 66.7% to 77.4% of the time. However, the diagnosis from the Ear Check did not correlate well with either pneumatic otoscopy or tympanometry. Therefore, the Ear Check has yet to prove itself as an accurate means for parents to diagnose ear infections. Due to the lack of subjects present with middle ear effusion, further comparisons between pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry could not be made.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hutchinson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Audiology
Keywords: otitis media with effusion; Ear Check; multifrequency tympanometry; tympanometry in children; pneumatic otoscopy
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12.
Deatherage, Patricia M.
Effects of Music on Extended High Frequency Hearing.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2003, Miami University
► The importance of hearing acuity for musicians cannot be overstated. Unfortunately, the…
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▼ The importance of hearing acuity for musicians cannot be overstated. Unfortunately, the levels of exposure during practice, rehearsal and performance are capable of damaging the hearing mechanism. The extended high frequency hearing of 66 subjects, aged 18-27 years was measured. Subjects were assigned to the musician group (n=33) or the nonmusician group (n=33). Comparisons between the extended high frequency thresholds (EHF), conventional pure tone thresholds and VO2 max measurements between musicians and nonmusicians were made. Though expected, due to the differing amounts of amounts of noise exposures between groups, no statistically significant differences were found. However, a slight trend in the EHF was noted with musicians thresholds improving as frequency increased. The results illustrated slightly better thresholds among the musicians than nonmusicians in the EHF, though not statistically significant.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hutchinson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Audiology
Keywords: extended high frequency audiometry; musicians and hearing loss; VO2 max; music induced hearing loss; noise induced hearing loss
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13.
DiSalvo, Maribeth.
Effects of Cardiovascular Health on Hearing Levels Among Musicians.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2003, Miami University
► This study was designed to determine if there was a significant relationship…
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▼ This study was designed to determine if there was a significant relationship among audiometric data, otoacoustic emissions, and cardiovascular fitness levels within a group of noise exposed individuals such as musicians versus a control group of non-musicians. Sixty-six volunteer participants were recruited from Miami University. Data was analyzed using Multivariate analyses to contrast and compare research variables as well as Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analyses to assess significance between and within groups. No difference in otoacoustic emissions, pure-tones or fitness level was found within and between the subject groups. One significant association was found within the group of musicians concerning the signal to noise ratios of the otoacoustic emissions. Significance was attributed to the absolute signal to noise ratio amplitudes between frequencies at 2000 and 4000 Hz within the musician subject group and the better results of the horn players in comparison to percussionists.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hutchinson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Audiology
Keywords: Cardiovascular Health; Music Induced Hearing Loss; Otoacoustic Emissions; Efferent Suppression; Stria Vascularis; Signal to Noise Ratio
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14.
Donahue, Erin Nicole.
Prevalence of Vocal Pathology in Incoming Conservatory Students and Reported Vocal Habits.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2012, Miami University
► The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of vocal…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of vocal pathology and reported vocal habits in the population of collegiate level vocal performers, specifically within the area of musical theater. Additionally, this study gathered information to develop a greater understanding of vocal health and practice patterns of collegiate musical theater performers. Results of a questionnaire and screening videostroboscopic examination were obtained from all incoming freshman musical theater students at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music. One hundred eighty-eight participants (female = 90) (male = 98) with an average age of 18.28 years (SD = 0.726) were included. Results indicated that a majority of the students presented with abnormal laryngeal findings. Specific results on prevalence of laryngeal pathology are presented. Results specifying vocal training and practice habits, vocal health and hygiene practices, and current vocal symptoms or contributing factors to potential voice problems are provided.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brehm, Susan.
Subjects: Performing Arts; Speech Therapy
Keywords: vocal pathology; singers; musical theater; vocal habits; vocal hygiene; vocal symptoms; videostroboscopic examination; laryngeal findings; vocal health screening
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15.
Fay, Emily E.
LITERACY PREDICTORS OF SPELLING ABILITIES FOR CHILDREN 6:0 THROUGH 7:5 YEARS.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2004, Miami University
► Emergent literacy is considered an important component in academic development because it…
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▼ Emergent literacy is considered an important component in academic development because it is a prerequisite to later reading and writing skills. The purpose of this investigation was to determine which of the following emergent literacy factors significantly predicted spelling abilities in first grade students: (a) correct number of speech sounds, (b) reading abilities, (c) phonological awareness skills, (d) parental (caregiver) education level, (e) socioeconomic status, (f) age, (g) teacher/classroom, and (h) enrollment in reading intervention. Eighty children from a school district in Southwestern Ohio participated in this investigation. Each participant was administered a variety of assessment measures. Results indicated that the PALS reading passage level and the PALS phonological awareness tasks (Letter Sounds and Sound-to-Letter) were collectively significant in predicting the spelling abilities of children 6:0 through 7:5 years
Advisors/Committee Members: Weinrich, Barbara.
Keywords: spelling ability; emergent literacy; reading ability; phonological awareness skills; first grade students; Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening (PALS)
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16.
Frazer, Amy Nicole.
Self-assessment of cognitive deficits and prediction of performance on ImPACT testing in college athletes following concussion.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2010, Miami University
► This study sought to examine how effectively concussed college athletes are able…
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▼ This study sought to examine how effectively concussed college athletes are able to predict the effects of their concussion on their neuropsychological testing performance. Performance prediction tasks are often used to assess an individual‟s level of self-awareness, an area of deficit that has commonly been noted following more severe forms of traumatic brain injury. Little research has been conducted on the effects of sports-related concussion on an athlete‟s self-awareness. Surveys were administered to athletes before and after neuropsychological testing to assess an athlete‟s awareness of any deficits since their concussion and whether the athlete expected their concussion to affect their testing performance. Results indicate that athlete report of symptoms is most likely not a good indicator of when an athlete can be safely returned to play following a concussion due to inconsistent report of symptoms and the possible presence of impaired self-awareness or denial.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hutchinson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Sports medicine
Keywords: self-awareness; concussion; athletes; performance prediction
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17.
Frey, Katherine Elizabeth.
The Emergence of Open Cup Drinking: Influences of Cup Design on Hand and Jaw Coordination.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2011, Miami University
► The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze open cup drinking…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze open cup drinking development and to identify observable drinking behaviors that allow a child to successfully drink from an open cup. Four subjects were observed three times over a three month period. Subjects drank from four types of cups, each with a unique design feature. Observable drinking behaviors were documented and force applied to the cup when drinking was measured. Study results indicate that universal behaviors exist across subjects. However, unique or individualized behavior patterns exist within the range of typical development. In addition, pressure results indicated that force applied either decreased or became more consistent as fine motor skills improved. Future research is needed to examine open cup drinking patterns and the impact of cup design on cup drinking skills among a larger subject population.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scarborough, Donna.
Subjects: Speech Therapy
Keywords: open cup drinking development; cup design; hand jaw coordination
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18.
Gaitonde, Suchita S.
RULE-BASED CATEGORY LEARNING: AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OPTION IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2003, Miami University
► Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) can cause changes in the physical, emotional, cognitive,…
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▼ Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) can cause changes in the physical, emotional, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning of the individual. Most of the cognitive rehabilitation programs treating patients with TBI focus on attention and memory retraining. Categorization is one of the most fundamental cognitive processes. Yet research in the area of TBI and categorization is limited. This study investigated one specific aspect, category learning in patients who sustained TBI. The performance of normal subjects was compared to the performance of the TBI subjects on three category-learning tasks. The results of the study indicated that subjects with TBI received more trials and made more errors during spontaneous categorization of stimuli across the 3 levels as compared to the normal subjects. Normal subjects delineated the rules spontaneously more frequently than TBI subjects who required cueing more frequently. In regards to the hierarchical structure of the rules, the number of trials received for spontaneous categorization of stimuli across the 3 levels increased as a function of the steps (1-5) for both the TBI and the normal subjects.
Advisors/Committee Members: Constantinidou, Fofi.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Speech Pathology
Keywords: Categorization; Traumatic Bain Ijury
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19.
Garrison, Courtney Rollins.
Repeatability of Aerodynamic Measurements of Voice.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2009, Miami University
► The purpose of this study was to compare baseline aerodynamic measurements of…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to compare baseline aerodynamic measurements of voice to measurements repeated after a 10-minute break and a one week break. Average airflow and estimated subglottal pressure measurements were gathered from females between 18 and 24 years of age with healthy voices. Each participant’s frequency and intensity was held constant during each testing session. Results indicated that aerodynamic measurements of average airflow and estimated subglottal pressure were repeatable, as there were no significant differences between mean measurements taken during each testing session. The results of this study provided support for the clinical use of average airflow and estimated subglottal pressure for voice assessments and treatment data.
Advisors/Committee Members: Weinrich, Barbara.
Subjects: Speech therapy
Keywords: aerodynamic measurements; voice; subglottal pressure; average airflow; repeatability
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20.
Grodek, Kristen Ashley.
The Effect of Sound Pressure Level Variation on Aerodynamic Measures.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2009, Miami University
► The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying intensity levels on average airflow and estimated subglottal pressure measurements and to examine the repeatability of these measurements over short-term (10 minute) and long-term (one week) time periods. Thirty females between the ages of 18 and 25 years with healthy voices were recruited from the Oxford, Ohio area to participate in this study. Aerodynamic measures of the voice were obtained using the Phonatory Aerodynamic System. The same protocol was followed for all three sessions, with average airflow and estimated subglottal pressure being examined during loud, comfortable, and soft phonatory levels. Results of the study indicated that mean average airflow and mean estimated subglottal pressure measures are consistent over short-term and long-term periods. The study also found that subject perceived changes of intensity variation had a significant effect on estimated subglottal pressure measures, but not on average airflow measures. The results of this study support the repeatability of aerodynamic measures, the reliability of their use, and information that contributes to clinical assessments of voice disorders.
Advisors/Committee Members: Baker Brehm, Susan.
Subjects: Speech therapy
Keywords: subglottal pressure; average airflow; effect of intensity variation on aerodynamic measures; repeatability of aerodynamic measures
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21.
Groh, Ellen Louise.
Severe, Chronic Auditory Comprehension Deficits: An Intensive Treatment and Cueing Protocol.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2012, Miami University
► Background: With current medical advances, severe, chronic auditory comprehension deficits secondary to…
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▼ Background: With current medical advances, severe, chronic auditory comprehension deficits secondary to aphasia may persist longer than ever before. The aim of this study was to determine an effective treatment protocol and cueing hierarchy for this population. Method: A single-subject research study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of intensive treatment on single word comprehension, as well as the use and benefit of repetition and lip-reading cues. Results: Five of six participants demonstrated increased comprehension percentage accuracy and effect size. Three participants exhibited maintenance of gains. Participants increased self-initiated requests for repetition that positively supported comprehension across treatment. Five of six participants did not consistently utilize lip-reading cues. Visual support did not improve comprehension percentage accuracy for the one participant who utilized lip-reading cues. Conclusions: Individuals with severe, chronic comprehension impairments can increase single word comprehension and benefit from repetition cues when provided intensive treatment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scarborough, Dr. Donna.
Subjects: Speech Therapy
Keywords: severe aphasia; chronic aphasia; treatment for auditory comprehension deficits; single-subject aphasia research; lip-reading, repetition cues; intensive aphasia treatment; severe auditory comprehension deficits
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22.
Hankins, Kerry Ann.
Altering the gag: Validating a secondary palm pressure point.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2012, Miami University
► The gag reflex is a protective motor response that regularly interferes with…
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▼ The gag reflex is a protective motor response that regularly interferes with dental procedures. Findings from a recent study suggest that applying pressure to the palm may be an effective and practical technique for clinical management of the gag reflex. The current study investigated the effect of multiple palm pressure points on the afferent limb of the gag reflex in addition to changes in concomitant autonomic responses. Results were analyzed utilizing multivariate modeling. The findings revealed a significant posterior movement of the gag reflex in 32/40 participants. Changes in autonomic responses (e.g. heart rate) were observed with the application of palm pressure. A follow-up study (N=10) was conducted to further explore the participants who did not respond to the initial treatment. All participants in the follow-up study demonstrated a significant reduction in gag reflex response.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scarborough, Donna.
Subjects: Dentistry
Keywords: gag reflex, dentistry, acupressure
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23.
Haren, Lacy Ann.
EFFECTS OF A SYSTEMATIC TRAINING PROGRAM ON CATEGORIZATION ABILITIES IN PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2006, Miami University
► This study investigated categorization abilities between subjects with traumatic brain injury (TBI)…
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▼ This study investigated categorization abilities between subjects with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in post acute rehabilitation who receive a systematic Categorization Program (CP) and a control group consisting of subjects with TBI who receive cognitive therapy but not the systematic Categorization Program. Another primary objective was to determine if rehabilitation was beneficial to patients with TBI as evidenced by improved functional outcome scores and improvement in neuropsychological performance. The relationship between categorization tasks and neuropsychological measures was also examined. Participants in the experimental group showed improvement in categorization abilities as evidenced by performance on CP Tests 1 and 2. CP training also facilitated subjects’ ability to generalize their categorization skills to novel tasks as evidenced by performance on the three different probe tasks. All subjects demonstrated improvement in functional outcome scores and improvements in certain neuropsychological measures. Results indicate that several of the neuropsychological assessments correlated with the categorization tasks.
Advisors/Committee Members: Constantinidou, Fofi.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Speech Pathology
Keywords: brain injury; categorization; cognitive rehabilitation
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24.
Hauck, Lauren Michelle.
AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF TWO TREATMENT PROTOCOLS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH VOICE DISORDERS.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2006, Miami University
► An individual is said to have a voice disorder when pitch, loudness,…
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▼ An individual is said to have a voice disorder when pitch, loudness, and quality of the voice differ from persons of comparable gender, age, cultural background, and geographic location. Few formal research studies have been conducted to examine the effects of voice therapy. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of two voice treatment protocols (Group A: Vocal Function Exercises, Vocal Hygiene; Group B: Vocal Function Exercises, Vocal Hygiene, Resonance Therapy) with eight college students diagnosed with voice disorders. Outcome variables included: (a) participant self-perception of voice handicap, (b) clinician perception of voice disorder, and (c) videostroboscopic, acoustic, and aerodynamic measurements. A secondary purpose was to determine the relationship between participants' personality type and compliance with voice treatment. Positive trends were noted for some videostroboscopic, perceptual, acoustic, and aerodynamic measures. A trend was found that participants with high extroversion scores had lower compliance with treatment protocol.
Advisors/Committee Members: Weinrich, Barbara.
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25.
Hipp, Jenny Christine.
EXAMINATION OF SPEECH AND RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS DURING MODERATE AND HIGH INTENSITY WORK.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2005, Miami University
► Speaking while performing physical work tasks is known to decrease ventilation, which…
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▼ Speaking while performing physical work tasks is known to decrease ventilation, which may in turn, impair speech fluency. The purpose of this study was to determine how speech fluency is affected during a simultaneous speech and work task performed at two work intensity levels. Twelve healthy participants performed steady-state work tasks at either 50% or 75% of VO2 max (maximal O2 uptake) for a total of six minutes after completing a rest-to-work transition period. Initially the participants did not speak, but when they returned for further testing, a similar task was completed with the addition of speaking. Results demonstrated significant differences in dyspnea ratings, number of words per phrase, and number of inappropriate pauses between the two intensity levels. The speaking condition influenced all variables except heart rate. The higher intensity task was more challenging for the participants and had the greatest impact on speech fluency.
Advisors/Committee Members: Baker, Susan E.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Speech Pathology
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26.
Jensen, Sharon Kelly.
Assessing the Effects of Communication Counseling for Caregivers of Individuals wwith Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2003, Miami University
► Caregiver intervention programs may be the only viable option for addressing the…
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▼ Caregiver intervention programs may be the only viable option for addressing the cognitive and communicative problems associated with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT). Because persons with DAT cannot benefit from traditional forms of cognitive-linguistic therapy due to memory deficits, caregiver intervention is needed to ensure positive interactions and continued quality of life. Nineteen professional and family caregivers participated in two sessions of group communication counseling aimed at decreasing caregiver hassles and reports of communication problems. It also focused on increasing caregiver communication knowledge. This research study provided support for the use of caregiver communication counseling as an effective means of increasing caregiver knowledge of communication problems associated with DAT and strategies for their management.
Advisors/Committee Members: Weinrich, Barbara D.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Speech Pathology
Keywords: Dementia, Communication, Caregiver Intervention
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27.
Laske, Kate.
Correlation of assessment measures in a rehabilitation program for individuals with traumatic brain injury.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2004, Miami University
► This study investigated the relationship between categorization tasks and neuropsychological measures in…
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▼ This study investigated the relationship between categorization tasks and neuropsychological measures in patients with traumatic brain injury enrolled in post acute rehabilitation. Subjects were administered all of the measures at the beginning of the study and at the end of the study twelve weeks later. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, an experimental group which received a systematic categorization training program and a control group. Results indicate that several of the neuropsychological tests and functional outcome measures correlated with the categorization tasks. The neuropsychological measures that correlated with most of the five categorization tasks included the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery Revised (WJ – III) Concept Formation subtest and Verbal Comprehension subtest, the California Verbal Learning Test – II (CVLT – II), the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Tests A and B, the Booklet Category Test and the Scales of Cognitive Ability for Traumatic Brain Injury (SCATBI) organization subtest. The results support the hypotheses stating that categorization abilities are highly related to other cognitive functions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Constantinidou, Fofi.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Speech Pathology
Keywords: traumatic brain injury; categorization
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28.
Luketic, Jamie Eileen.
THE EFFECT OF INSPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH TRAINING ON VENTILATION AND DYSPNEA DURING SIMULTANEOUS EXERCISE AND SPEECH.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2007, Miami University
► The demands placed on respiration during simultaneous exercise and speech creates the…
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▼ The demands placed on respiration during simultaneous exercise and speech creates the potential to increase dyspnea and the time for recovery. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) program on these two functionally limiting factors during simultaneous exercise and speech. Ten healthy adults were randomly assigned to an Experimental and Sham training program. MIP was used as an indirect measure of inspiratory muscle strength and measured at baseline and weekly during the training. All participants completed pre-and post-training simultaneous exercise and speech tasks at a moderate intensity. The results indicated a significant improvement in MIP across 4 weeks of training. Analysis pre-and post-training indicated no significant changes in dyspnea between the groups. A decrease was, however, observed in recovery time providing potential for functional gains for individuals who must complete exercise and speech simultaneously.
Advisors/Committee Members: Baker, Susan E.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Speech Pathology
Keywords: simultaneous exercise and speech; inspiratory muscle strength training; ventilation; dyspnea; recovery time
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29.
Lundeen, Kelly Anne.
An Intensive Treatment Protocol For Severe Chronic Auditory Comprehension Deficits In Aphasia: A Feasibility Study.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2011, Miami University
► Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability in the United States.…
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▼ Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability in the United States. As medical technology improves, more people are surviving stroke and living longer with stroke-related disabilities, including aphasia. Auditory comprehension deficits resulting from aphasia are associated with lower functional outcomes and higher treatment dropout rates. Previous research has indicated the effectiveness of treatment intensity which targets verbal expression abilities; however, the results of these studies cannot be transferred to auditory comprehension. The present study explored the feasibility of an intensive treatment protocol on single-word auditory comprehension abilities, the ability to self-detect breakdowns in auditory comprehension, and tolerance of an intensive treatment among three people with severe chronic aphasia resulting from a single, left hemisphere stroke. Results of the study reveal that an intensive protocol leads to increased single-word auditory comprehension in some people with severe chronic aphasia; however, not all people are candidates for this type of treatment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hutchinson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Speech Therapy
Keywords: Aphasia; Auditory Comprehension; Intensive Treatment; Self-Detection of Comprehension Breakdowns; Tolerance
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30.
Marchiondo, Kendrah T.
Perceived and Actual Personal Listening Device Volumes in College-Age Students: Is Education Enough?.
Degree: MA, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2012, Miami University
► The purpose was to determine if personal listening device (PLD) users accurately…
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▼ The purpose was to determine if personal listening device (PLD) users accurately report volume levels, if volume levels influence pure-tone thresholds, and if participants are aware of PLD potential for hearing damage. Hearing health history, listening habits, level of hearing safety education, pure-tone thresholds, and dB SPL measures of PLD output volumes were collected for 180 participants. A standard ANOVA compared pure-tone thresholds to academic year, PLD usage hours, and dB SPL measures. SPL measures were converted to dB A for NIOSH comparisons. Researchers found that 26 participants listened at harmful levels, increased usage time negatively influenced pure-tone thresholds (hours per week), subjects demonstrated awareness of PLD potential for hearing damage, and PLD users accurately reported volume levels, but did not demonstrate awareness regarding what volumes were harmful. Results imply current hearing health education methods should detail harmful volume levels, and NIOSH standards specific to music listening should be developed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hutchinson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Audiology
Keywords: noise induced hearing loss; personal listening device; health knowledge; music; NIOSH; safe listening
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