Department: College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
36 matches in the database.
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1.
Alfarhan, Abdulaziz Kh.
Dietary Intake Of Arab International Students In Northeast Ohio.
Degree: MS, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► This descriptive study was conducted to provide a description of dietary intake…
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▼ This descriptive study was conducted to provide a description of dietary intake of Arab international college students along with dietary changes associated with relocation in Northeast Ohio in addition to evaluating the overall differences in food intake based on gender and marital status. A self administrated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was completed by 95 Arab international college students. The respondents reported noticeable changes in their food preferences and consumption of both traditional and westernized foods. The results revealed shift toward westernized and local foods along with a general unbalanced consumption from food groups for the majority of participants. However, the results showed few differences based on gender and marital status. Traditional food consumption decreased less than or equal to (p 0.05) whereas westernized food consumption increased, less than or equal to (p 0.05). Overall, the results suggested newly arriving Arab international college students might benefit from nutrition education relative to westernized food intake.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gordon, Karen.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of relocating to the U.S on the food consumption of Arab international students through investigating the dietary intake among male, female, single and married Arab international students.
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2.
Backus, Angela S.
The Relationship between Bullying Behaviors and Perceived School Connectedness among Middle School Students.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2010, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between bullying…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between bullying behaviors and perceived school connectedness among middle school students. In specific, the relationships between victimization, bullying others, perceived school connectedness, and demographics were investigated. This was a population study designed to examine bullying behaviors and perceived school connectedness among all 5th through 8th grade students enrolled in a northeastern Ohio school district. Among the total population of potential subjects (N = 1,197), 597 subjects participated in this study. These subjects completed a 56-item instrument about their involvement in bullying as a perpetrator and a victim. In addition, subjects provided responses about their sense of school connectedness. The instrument data were analyzed using several statistical procedures, including univariate analysis, multiple linear regression, and correlation analysis. Univariate analyses confirmed statistically significant differences between self-reported bullying behaviors and grade level. In addition, results indicated statistically significant differences between math scores and bullying others and victimization. Statistically significant mean differences also were confirmed between self-reported victimization and language arts scores. Regression analyses revealed that perceived school connectedness was a predictor of bullying others and victimization. Further, math scores was a moderate predictor of victimization. Correlation analysis confirmed a statistically significant relationship between bullying others and victimization. In summary, the findings support an emphasis on school connectedness-building among adolescents to reduce involvement in bullying. In addition, the results support continued investigation into the link between academic achievement and involvement in bullying as math scores were identified as a predictor of victimization and bullying others.
Advisors/Committee Members: Symons, Cynthia W.
Subjects: Education; Health education; Secondary education; Teacher education
Keywords: bullying; victimization; school connectedness; academic achievement
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3.
Blue, Nathan Charles.
Understanding the Perceptions of Professionalism in Athletic Training with the use of a Professionalism Questionnaire.
Degree: MA, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2012, Kent State University
► Background: Professionalism is the combination of clinical competence, legal/ethical understanding, knowledge and…
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▼ Background: Professionalism is the combination of clinical competence, legal/ethical understanding, knowledge and humanistic qualities. Previous literature from varying disciplines indicates a decline in the perception of professionalism of healthcare providers. Medicine has a long standing contract with patients and to society as whole. Professionalism is the binding concept in this contract. Athletic Trainers are allied healthcare providers that interact and collaborate with a large and varied population of athletes, patients and clients. Purpose: The purpose of this research was several-fold. First, this research aims to enhance, promote and further the discussion of professionalism in athletic training. This research aims to examine the overall perception of professionalism in athletic training and whether athletic training student��™s perceptions differ from certified athletic trainers. Methods: Permission was granted to adopt and modify The Penn State College of Medicine Professionalism Questionnaire (PSCOM-PQ) for studying professionalism perceptions in athletic training. Participants were recruited through distribution emails to program directors (PD) in 12 Mid-American Conference ATEPS. The sample population included students (pre professional and professional phase) as well as certified athletic trainers (graduate students and faculty/staff). Data Analysis: A 4x6 way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures on the ABIMs six a priori elements of professionalism was performed for aggregate rating and rank ordering scores. Post Hoc testing was accomplished with independent samples T-Tests by group (pre-professional phase, professional phase, graduate and faculty/staff). Results: Pre-professional students had the greatest significant between groups differences; when compared to professional phase students pre-professional students significantly differed in 4 of 6 a priori elements of professionalism. They included accountability (t=1.8, p=.03), altruism (t= 1.4, p= .04), excellence (t= 1.53, p= .011) and respect (t= 1.04, P= .04). Pre-professional students to graduate students significantly differed in the a priori element excellence (1.72, p= .04). There were no significant differences between any of the remaining groups. Pre-professional phase students significantly differed in honor/integrity (t=1.56, p=.03) compared to graduate students in the rank ordering analysis. Conclusion: Data from this study did not support the original hypothesis that athletic training students would differ in their perceptions of professionalism compared to certified athletic trainers
Advisors/Committee Members: Peer, Kimberly.
Subjects: Health Education; Higher Education; Rehabilitation
Keywords: Certified Athletic Trainer; Professionalism; Mid-American Conference
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4.
Brutvan, John J.
THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION AS MEASURED BY IMPACT PROTOCOL: AEROBIC VS. ANAEROBIC.
Degree: MA, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► The purpose of this investigation was to assess the influence of acute…
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▼ The purpose of this investigation was to assess the influence of acute bouts of aerobic versus resistance exercise on cognitive function of college-aged participants as measured by the ImPACT Protocol. Twenty college aged participants (11 females, age= 20.1±0.9; 9 males, age= 20.2± 1.6 yrs) from the Kent State University main campus completed two sessions of being ImPACT tested immediately before, immediately after, and 45 minutes after interventions consisting of either an aerobic exercise session, a resistance exercise session, or seated rest control. Findings indicated significant change in measures of reaction time, impulse control, and visual motor speed across all three groups of participants. No significant change was seen in measures of visual or verbal memory. The results cannot be seen as suggesting that exercise has no effect on cognitive function. Rather, they may suggest a learning effect previously unaccounted for in the ImPACT testing protocol.
Advisors/Committee Members: Peer, Kimberly.
Subjects: Health Sciences
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5.
Buchanan, Erica L.
Nutrition Knowledge of Parents and the Packed Lunches They Provide Their Preschoolers.
Degree: MS, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to measure if the level of…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to measure if the level of nutrition knowledge of preschool parents reflects the frequency of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and whole grain food items while also observing the amount of calories, fat, saturated fat and fiber provided in preschooler’s packed lunches. Participants included 27 parents of preschool children, age two to five years old, who completed a nutrition knowledge questionnaire with demographic questions and a three day food log reporting the items packed in their lunches. A percent score for the nutrition questionnaire, demographics, the frequency of the food groups, and nutritional information were recorded for each participant. Analyses were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. The results concluded that nutrition knowledge only had a significant effect on the amount of grains and meat/beans present in packed lunches. Parents with high nutrition knowledge consumed meals outside the home significantly more than parents with low nutrition knowledge. Overall, the lunches were found to not meet USDA’s MyPyramid or CACFP standards for preschoolers. The demographics concluded that mothers were the main lunch packer and grocery shopper and nutrition knowledge was mainly obtained from other parents and magazines. The results of this study provide future researchers and developers of nutrition intervention programs information on the effectiveness of nutrition knowledge in parents. This can help initiate healthy eating during the formative years and increase the chances of future healthy lifestyle choices.
Advisors/Committee Members: Caine-Bish, Natalie.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: Nutrition; Packed Lunches; Children; Preschool
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6.
Carnes, Andrew.
The effect of peer influence on running speed, enjoyment, and perceived exertion in intercollegiate distance runners.
Degree: MS, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to determine if, relative to an…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to determine if, relative to an alone condition, exercising with a training partner affects average running speed, perceived exertion, and liking of the exercise during a self paced 30-minute training run in highly trained collegiate distance runners. We predicted that the presence of another runner would increase average running speed and liking of the run. Fourteen healthy male competitive distance runners, age 18-24, completed two running sessions under two different conditions (alone, with a peer). Heart rate, perceived exertion, distance ran, and liking of the run were recorded in each trial. There were no significant effects (p ≥ .68) of social condition for any of the dependent variables . Contrary to our hypothesis, the presence of another runner did not have a significant effect on exercise intensity, perceived exertion, or liking during a 30-minute treadmill run in this group of individuals.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barkley, Jacob.
Subjects: Health Sciences
Keywords: peer influence; distance runners; running; liking
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7.
Cox, Violet O.
DO FEATURE IMPORTANCE AND FEATURE CENTRALITY DIFFERENTIALLY INFLUENCE SEMANTIC KNOWLEDGE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH APHASIA?.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2009, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of semantic…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of semantic featureknowledge in individuals with aphasia. Feature importance and feature centrality, two different ways of feature organization, provided the basis for this investigation. Three questions were examined: (a) Is the ability of individuals with aphasia to associate semantic features with their appropriate nouns differentially influenced by the level of importance? (b) Does this effect extend to a mid level of importance? (c) Is the ability of individuals with aphasia to associate semantic features with their appropriate nouns influenced more by the feature characteristics of importance or centrality? Twelve participants with aphasia, whose ages ranged from 46 to 85 years, were shown 24 nouns printed on 5 x 8 unlined stock cards randomly presented in groups of three, along with a fourth card with the printed word “UNRELATED.” The participants were presented with features printed on cards. These features represented high, mid, and low importance and centrality ratings as previously determined from a pilot study. Each participant was required to match the feature with the appropriate noun or to the word “unrelated” if the feature was judged unrelated. The results of this study showed that individuals with aphasia were able to place high importance features with the appropriate noun more accurately than they did mid and low importance features. However, mid and low importance were identified with similar degrees of accuracy. The centrality levels did not differentially influence nounfeature association. The findings of this study support the notion that individuals with aphasia are more sensitive to high versus mid and low feature importance and that the effect does not extend to a mid importance level. The study also demonstrated that the condition of centrality does not influence the ability of individuals with aphasia to associate nouns with the appropriate features. Clinical implications and study limitations are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pierce, Robert.
Subjects: Speech therapy
Keywords: Aphasia, feature importance, feature centrality, semantic knowledge, high importance, mid importance, low importance, high centrality, mid centrality, low centrality.
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8.
DiGiandomenico, MaryJo.
An Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Support, Selected Demographics, and Physical Activity Among Community College Students.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2010, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in physical…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in physical activity participation, awareness of exercise facilities, institutional physical education requirements, number of physical education classes taken, perceptions of current exercise habits, perceived current physical fitness level, perceived body weight, and selected demographic variables between students at two types of community colleges. In addition, this study analyzed the extent to which the social support of family and friends exerted an influence on physical activity participation between subjects at the two subject institutions. This study will make a valuable contribution to the body of literature because there is a lack of research published concerning the relationship of physical activity patterns among the community college population. The Social Support Theory served as the foundation for this study (House, 1981; Israel, 1982; Sallis, 1986). For the purposes of this study a stratified random sample was generated to depict a proportional representation of students enrolled in each curriculum at each institution (Wiersma & Jurs, 2005). Subjects in this study were from two Midwestern community colleges that provided responses about their physical activity participation. The time frame for the data collection process was conducted during the Spring semester 2009. The data collection protocol followed the Dillman Tailored Method (DTM; 2000). The instrument contained 46 items with 5 subscales. The response rates from community college (city) were 325 and community college (rural) was 311. Out of the nine hypotheses three statistically significant findings were revealed. First, hypotheses 1 revealed a statistically significant difference in physical activity participation between community college students at a city and rural campus. Second, hypotheses 2 revealed that the interaction (combined effect) of awareness of exercise facilities and the type of community college exerted a statistically significant influence on the physical activity participation among subjects. Third, hypotheses 9 revealed a statistically significant difference in physical activity participation and selected demographic variables (sex, parenting status, and employment status) between community college students at a city and rural campus. Future research is needed to determine what intervention and evidence-based practices are best to encourage college students to engage in physical activity participation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Symons, Cynthia W.
Subjects: Behaviorial sciences; Community colleges; Education; Families and family life; Health; Health education; Higher education; Physical education; Recreation; Sociology; Sports medicine; Urban planning; Womens studies
Keywords: physical activity; community college students; social support
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9.
Doe, Vicki Haywood.
Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Depressed Versus Nondepressed Individuals on Fitness, Depression, and Perceived Exertion.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2009, Kent State University
► Affect sensory feedback from increases in heart rate, blood pressure, workload (METs)…
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▼ Affect sensory feedback from increases in heart rate, blood pressure, workload (METs) and ventilation during volitional peak treadmill exercise stress test (GXT) peak are known to affect perceived exertion. These responses may differ between depressed (DEP) and non-depressed (NON) cardiac patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if exercise training would positively affect perceived exertion (RPE), functional capacity (FC), and depressive symptoms among cardiac patients enrolled in a phase-II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. The participants (DEP-N=10; BDI-13 or above and NON-N =8; BDI-6 or below) who took both an entry and exit treadmill exercise stress test and underwent 25 sessions of the CR exercise training program were assessed. Depressive symptoms were measured pre- and post-intervention using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and structured diagnostic interview. Multivariate analyses were conducted to compare the DEP and NON groups on measures of METs, RPE, and BDI obtained from GXT peak and BDI screenings. The results revealed that after CR exercise training program, the mean RPE scores (Borg scale) for both DEP and NON were significantly lower at the 50% intensity level of exercise stress test (p < 0.005). The mean maximum MET scores significantly improved for both DEP and NON groups (p < 0.005). The DEP group had significant reduction in mean BDI scores (p < 0.005). The results from this study suggest that after CR exercise training both depressed and non-depressed cardiac patients will have increased FC, lower RPE, and reduced depressive symptoms. There is an association of improved FC to lower RPE.
Advisors/Committee Members: Glickman, Ellen.
Subjects: Health
Keywords: depression; RPE; cardiac rehabilitation
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10.
Fickes, Emily Joyce.
Effects of Interval Active-Assisted Cycling on Balance in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2012, Kent State University
► PURPOSE: The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect…
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▼ PURPOSE: The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect of interval active-assisted cycling on balance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. We examined the effects of high rate interval active-assisted cycling on upper extremity motor function, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Berg balance scale and H-reflex of the soleus. METHODS: Twenty older individuals (50-79 years) with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were randomly assigned to two groups, a control group and an exercise group. On the first visit all subjects completed baseline assessments of cardiovascular fitness (YMCA Submaximal cycling test), motor function (upper extremity and UPDRS), balance(Berg Balance Scale and Biodex Balance System SD), H-reflex sensitivity and quality of life (PDQ). All the individuals repeated these tests(except the submaximal test) after four weeks. The exercise group than came into the laboratory three times a week for four weeks to complete high rate interval activeassisted cycling. The exercise program consisted of 5 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of interval active-assisted cycling and 5 minutes of cool down. Metabolic and perceptual data were collected at baseline and every two minutes during exercise. The control group only visited the lab for assessments. RESULTS: Data were analyzed using an analysis of variance with repeated measures. Interval active-assisted cycling improved UPDRS scores in the exercise group compared to the control group. It did not significantly improve balance or upper extremity tremor in the exercise group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A four week interval active-assisted cycling program does not improve balance or upper extremity tremor but does improve UPDRS scores in individuals with PD.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ridgel, Angela.
Subjects: Health Sciences
Keywords: Parkinson's disease; exercise; balance; cycling
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11.
Horvath, Stephanie Grace.
The Roles, Responsibilities, and Perceptions of Registered Dietitians in Sports Nutrition.
Degree: MS, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to examine the role and perceptions…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to examine the role and perceptions of registered dietitians who work in sports nutrition. A survey was electronically distributed to the American Dietetic Association Sports, Cardiovascular, and Wellness Nutrition dietetic practice group of 5,894 members. Additionally, a survey was distributed to all the student athletes and coaches of two division I institutions, Kent State University and Indiana University, to gauge the perceptions of registered dietitians in these sample populations. However, there was very low response rate with these surveys, and the data was excluded from the study. There were 650 dietitians who participated in this study. Statistical analysis consisted of means, standard deviations, and frequencies. The findings conclude that the registered dietitians who work in sports nutrition perceive their roles to be largely similar, but the frequency of performing tasks as a part of their role in sports nutrition was not as widely reported among the sample population.
Advisors/Committee Members: Caine-Bish, Natalie.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: Roles, Professional Practice, Sports Nutrition, Sport Dietetics
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12.
Iannello, Jenna Lynn.
DOES EDUCATION LEVEL EFFECT HOW KENT STATE UNIVERSITY FEMALE FACULTY AND STAFF PERCEIVE THE HEALTH ASPECTS OF WINE?.
Degree: MS, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2012, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to measure if education level of…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to measure if education level of female faculty and staff at a Midwest university impacted the perception of the health effects of red wine consumption. Secondly, to measure if the sample perceived health benefits or risks of other types of alcohol. Female faculty and staff members (n=503, ages 22-76 years) participated in an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on the perception of the health aspects of alcohol. Variables measured included the belief and reasons for consumption, drinking characteristics, and health belief of alcohol types. Independent t-tests were used to determine differences in perceptions of health benefits of red and white wine, beer, and liquor between faculty and staff. The data were compiled and analyzed using social sciences (SPSS) software (version 18.0.3). There was no significant difference in perception of the possible cardiovascular health benefits of red wine between faculty and staff. However, significant differences in perception were found between faculty and staff on health benefits and consequences of beer, liquor, and white wine (p ≤ 0.05). Both faculty and staff perceived that red wine may have positive health benefits for cardiovascular disease, but did not perceive any other benefits to red wine and had mixed perceptions of benefits and consequences of other alcohol types. This disconnect suggests a need for more public education of wines impact on health, as well as additional alcohol and health outcome research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Caine-Bish, Natalie.
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13.
Johns, Judith A.
The relationship between involvement in unstructured unsupervised leisure and substance use in a cohort of adolescent male skateboarders.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between skateboarding…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between skateboarding and substance use among a cohort of adolescent male skateboarders residing in two metropolitan regions in the Eastern United States. The tenets of the individual level routine activity theory (Osgood, Wilson, O’Malley, Bachman, & Johnston, 1996), provided the theoretical foundation for this study. The routine activity theory suggests activities that combine: (a) socializing with peers, (b) freedom from adult supervision, and (c) a lack of structure provide an environment uniquely conducive for problem behavior including substance use. Using a location-based intercept protocol, a purposive sample of 124 male skateboarders in grades 9–12 was recruited from 14 skate parks and street skating spots. Skateboarding involvement and substance use data were collected using a self-administered, 45-item instrument. Objective measures of skateboarding included time spent skating, primary skating location, and skating with peers. Subjective measures assessed leisure identity and enduring involvement with skateboarding. Current (within the previous 30 days) alcohol, tobacco (cigarette smoking), and marijuana use data were analyzed as dichotomous variables (has used/has not used) in chi square tests and Generalized Linear Modeling (SPSS). Findings revealed no statistically significant relationship between involvement in skateboarding and current alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among this sample of skateboarders. Spending more or less time skating was not found to significantly interact with the relationship between skateboarding involvement and substance use. These findings did not support the supposition that involvement in skateboarding was associated with substance use, as the theoretical and evidentiary literature suggests.
Advisors/Committee Members: Symons, Cynthia W.
Subjects: Criminology; Health Education; Recreation
Keywords: Adolescents; skateboarding; routine activity theory; alternative sports; substance use; alcohol; tobacco; marijuana; current use; intercept sampling
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14.
Juvancic-Heltzel, Judith A.
The Effect of Variety on the Reinforcing Value and Amount of Physical Activity in Children, Younger Adults and Older Adults.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2010, Kent State University
► It has been repeatedly demonstrated that increasing the variety of available food…
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▼ It has been repeatedly demonstrated that increasing the variety of available food and purchasing options reliably increases eating and consumer spending behavior respectively. However, the potential pro-behavioral effect of increasing the variety of exercise equipment options on the amount of exercise individuals perform is very limited. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the amount, enjoyment (liking), and relative reinforcing value (RRV) of resistance training exercise versus a sedentary alternative during a high variety (HV) resistance exercise equipment condition versus a low variety (LV) equipment condition. During each condition, children (8–12 years), young adults (18–26 years), and older adults (> 60 years) had free choice access to both resistance exercise equipment and sedentary activities for a total of 20 minutes. The amount of time allocated to resistance exercise, the total number of repetitions performed, and session liking were measured during each condition. After completing each 20-minute free-choice session, the RRV of exercise versus sedentary activity was assessed by asking participants to perform work, in an operant button pressing computer software task, to earn additional access to either resistance exercise or sedentary activities. Participants then completed the time earned (maximum of 11 total minutes) for each activity. The amount of work performed and time earned for exercise and sedentary activity during each condition (HV, LV) served as the measures of RRV. Participants significantly (p ≤ 0.05 for all) increased: the amount of time allocated for exercise (14.3 ± 6.3 min vs. 12.1 ± 6.5 min) repetitions performed (126.4 ± 71.7 vs. 88.0 ± 48.8) and liking (8.1 ± 1.5 cm vs. 7.1± 2.1 cm) during the HV condition relative to the LV condition. RRV of resistance exercise versus a sedentary alternative was not significantly (p > .09) different from the HV to the LV condition in males but was significantly greater in the HV condition in females (p < .05). Increasing the variety of resistance training equipment increased the amount and enjoyment of resistance training exercise performed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barkley, Jacob E.
Subjects: Behaviorial sciences; Physical education; Sports medicine
Keywords: variety; exercise; behavioral economics
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15.
Kean, David Jeffrey.
THE EFFECTS OF COLD AND LOWER BODY NEGATVIE PRESSURE ON CARDIOVASCULAR AND THERMOREGULATORY HOMEOSTASIS.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2012, Kent State University
► Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) sequesters blood from the thorax into dependent…
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▼ Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) sequesters blood from the thorax into dependent regions of the pelvis and legs, effectively decreasing central blood volume. Cold exposure will alter central blood volume in response to variations in core and skin temperature. This may lead to improved tolerance of LBNP. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of cold exposure and lower body negative pressure on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory variables. Eleven males (20.3 ± 2.7) underwent two 20-minute exposures to LBNP (AMB and COLD). During one trial the subjects were exposed to cold air (10°C) the other they were exposed to ambient temperature (23°C). The trials consisted of a 100-minute pre-LBNP period followed by a 20-minute exposure to LBNP and then a 15-minute recovery period. Cardiovascular variables were recorded every 30 minutes using bioimpedance. Rectal temperature and skin temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes and thermal sensation was assessed every 15 minutes using the Gagge and Modified Gagge scales. A repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated a significant condition x time interaction for rectal temperature (Tre) (p = 0.002), mean skin temperature (p < 0.05), thermal sensation (p = 0.002), modified thermal sensation (p < 0.05) and tissue insulation (p < 0.05). There was also a significant condition x time interaction for mean arterial pressure (p = 0.014), and cerebral oxygenation (p = 0.034). From these data, it may be suggested that cold alters the physiological response to LBNP.
Advisors/Committee Members: Glickman, Ellen.
Subjects: Health Sciences
Keywords: environmental physiology, thermoregulation, cardiovascular
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16.
KIM, CHUL-HO.
THE EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA AND EXERCISE ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► KIM, CHUL-HO,August 2011 School of Health Sciences THE EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA AND…
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▼ KIM, CHUL-HO,August 2011 School of Health Sciences THE EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA AND EXERCISE ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE (98 PP.) Co-Directors of Dissertation: Ellen L. Glickman, Ph.D. Angela L. Ridgel, Ph.D. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current investigation was to determine the effects of hypoxia (12.5% O2) and low intensity exercise (50% of hypoxic VO2max) on physiological and cognitive performance in a middle-aged group. METHODS: Eight physically active (35.9 ± 5.7 ml·kg-1·min-1), middle-aged (40.5 ± 2 yr) males volunteered to participate in the present investigation. Prior to experimental testing, participants underwent a graded exercise test (Excalibur 1300Wcycle ergometer) to estimateVO2max in hypoxia. Following pre-experimental testing participants underwent three 5h trials [hypoxia (H), hypoxia with exercise (H+E) and normoxia with exercise (N+E)] consisting of 2h baseline, 1h cycling, 2h recovery. All testing was conducted in a simulated hypoxia chamber (Colorado Altitude Training, Louisville, CO), and oxygen was maintained at 12.5%. Minute Ventilation (VE), Oxygen Consumption (VO2), Heart Rate (HR), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) and Cerebral Oxygenation (rSO2) were measured prior to entering the chamber and every 30 min. In addition, Mood State (POMS), Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) and Trail Making Tests (TMT) were measured prior to entering the chamber and measured at five different time points (at 30min and every hr). RESULTS: VE and HR significantly increased during hypoxia and hypoxic exercise (p<0.05). SaO2 and rSO2 decreased significantly during hypoxia (p<0.05), and decreased further during hypoxic exercise (p<0.05). Cognitive function declined during hypoxia (P<0.05), but hypoxic exercise did not alter cognitive function (p>0.05). Moreover, mood state was not changed significantly during pre- and post-exercise during hypoxia (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that normobaric hypoxia induces physiological changes, and in turn results in cognitive dysfunction. Low intensity exercise during normobaric hypoxia leads to further physiological changes, but does not impact cognitive performance.
Advisors/Committee Members: Glickman, Ellen.
Subjects: Physiology
Keywords: Hypoxia, Exercise, Cognitive Function
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17.
Kitchen, Elizabeth A.
An Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Dietary Intake in Firefighters.
Degree: MS, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to determine if on-duty dietary intake…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to determine if on-duty dietary intake of firefighters was different from off-duty dietary intake and to provide descriptive data of firefighters’ dietary habits related to cardiovascular disease. Fifty-eight full-time firefighters were recruited. Comparative data were based on two 24 hour dietary recalls, one on-duty, one off-duty. Nutrients analyzed include carbohydrates, proteins, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, fiber and total kilocalories. Descriptive data was collected by means of a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Statistical procedures included a paired sample t-test for nutrient analysis with a p-value < 0.05. Means, standard deviations and frequencies were reported for descriptive data. Dietary nutrients comparing on-duty and off-duty intakes displayed no statically significant difference for micro or macronutrients. Lunch and dinner were consumed more frequently on-duty compared to off- duty (p = 0.001, p = 0.006). Overall, it was determined that firefighters on-duty and off-duty dietary intakes do not vary. However, nutrient analysis determined an overconsumption in nutrients (i.e.: total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium) directly correlated to increasing CVD risk.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gordon, Karen.
Subjects: Nutrition; Public Health
Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease; Firefighter; Diet; Nutrition
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18.
Malloy-McFall, Joan Y.
Multi-Component Exercise Program in a Life-Care Community: For Adults 80 Years of Age and Older.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2010, Kent State University
► It is well established that health benefits can be derived from exercise…
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▼ It is well established that health benefits can be derived from exercise training programs even for the oldest-old (age: 85+ yrs) populations. Much of the research on older adults has been conducted on younger groups and extrapolated to these oldest-old populations. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a 6-month multi-component structured exercise program of low-to-moderate intensity for 120 minutes/week plus habitual physical activities implemented in a life-care community of adults 80 years of age and older with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) could maintain or improve cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, balance/agility, and body composition. Additionally, the purpose was to determine whether changes in these physical performance measures were associated with changes in cognitive functioning. A clinical group of 30 participants (age: 83.6±3.6; males: n = 12; females: n = 18) with very mild cognitive impairment completed the 6-month exercise program and pre- and post-intervention Senior Fitness Test. Paired-sample t-tests revealed significant increases in cardiovascular endurance (t(26) = -2.79, p = .01) and upper-body strength (t(29) = -2.01, p = .05); main effects for gender using ANOVAs demonstrated significant improvements for females in upper- (F(1,28) = 6.15, p = .01) and lower-body flexibility (F(1,28) = 12.59, p = .001); and no changes in lower-body strength and body composition. A significantly negative correlation (r = -.424; n = 25; p = .02) was found between changes in cardiovascular endurance and cognitive functioning. Further analysis revealed this significantly negative correlation was evidenced for individuals with, but not for those without, 2 cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Although midlife CVD risk factors have previously been associated with declines in cognitive functioning, the effect of these risk factors is unclear in this study population. The results from this investigation suggest that adults in their ninth decade of life with very mild cognitive impairment can maintain or improve physical performance measures with a structured multi-component exercise program of low-to-moderate intensity. However, despite these improvements cognitive functioning continued to decline. These findings encourage further research of the relationship between physical performance measures and cognitive performance in this population.
Advisors/Committee Members: Glickman, Ellen.
Subjects: Aging; Health Sciences
Keywords: exercise for elderly; MCI, senior fitness test
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19.
McDade, Mary Lynne.
A COMPARISON OF PERCEPTIONS OF ATHLETIC DIRECTORS AND STUDENT-ATHLETES ON THE COLLEGIATE LEVEL REGARDING EATING DISORDERS.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2012, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in perceptions…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in perceptions about institutional policies, procedures, and educational programming in regard to eating disorders between athletic directors and student-athletes participating in selected sports at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II (DII) designated institutions. This study will make a valuable contribution to the body of literature since there is no published research addressing this concern from the perspective of athletic directors. For the purpose of this study, a population study was conducted with athletic directors. Also, a random sample of six NCAA DII institutions was generated to obtain access to student-athletes as subjects that were representative of athletes participating on sports teams at DII colleges and universities. The time frame for the data collection process was conducted between the fall and winter of 2010-2011. The data collection protocol followed the Dillman Tailored Method (DTM; 2000). A four-page, 24-item instrument was developed and administered to athletic directors. In addition, a four page, 23-item instrument was developed and administered to student-athletes. Out of 10 hypotheses, eight statistically significant findings were revealed. The findings revealed a statistically significant difference between eating disorder formal education, educational opportunities, knowledge, and respondent status: student-athlete or athletic director. In addition, the results revealed a statistically significant difference between athletic department eating disorder rules and regulations, referral process, prevention, support, influential individuals, and respondent status. Future research is needed to determine what intervention and evidence-based practices are best to help address these statistically significant differences and respondent status.
Advisors/Committee Members: Symons, Cynthia.
Subjects: Education; Health; Health Education; Health Sciences; Medicine; Mental Health; Nutrition; Sports Medicine
Keywords: Division II (DII); athletic director (AD); student-athlete; eating disorders
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20.
Mincher, Jeanine L.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT FOOD SERVICE DIRECTOR ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FOOD-RELATED POLICIES AND PRACTICES.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2010, Kent State University
► Since former Surgeon General David Satcher first identified childhood obesity as a…
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▼ Since former Surgeon General David Satcher first identified childhood obesity as a threat to the nation’s health in 2001, health professionals have investigated potential solutions. Venues in which to address this problem have also been explored. The school setting was identified by the Institute of Medicine as a viable location in which to address the increasing child obesity epidemic. School professionals and personnel who are in contact with children for a large percentage of daily time were identified as potential change-agents. In addition, the School Wellness Policy Mandate of 2004 identified key players in the task of promoting wellness within the school setting. School personnel, namely school foodservice managers, were identified as primary players in the fight against this mounting health problem. Interestingly, there is great variability in the professional preparation of school food service district managers/directors. Many professional organizations at this same time have been calling for professional preparation standards for the school food professional due to their important position and potential ability to influence the health of children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of demographic characteristics and perceived self-efficacy on the development and implementation of v food-related policies and practices in schools among district public school food service directors in the state of Ohio (N = 601). Results indicate that certification of the district school food service director is associated most often with comprehensive policy and practice. Consistent with the literature, lack of funds was identified as the most common barrier to implementing comprehensive food policy and practice. It was also discovered that regardless of professional preparation, all subjects felt equally capable in their role. Higher levels of self-efficacy, however, were not associated with higher reporting of either food-related policy or practice. Recommendations are to explore the nature of self-efficacy and professional performance in this population and to promote certification as a way to enhance comprehensive school health practices.
Advisors/Committee Members: Symons, Cynthia.
Subjects: Nutrition
Keywords: nutrition, school, health
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21.
Muchicko, Megan M.
Peer Victimization and Physical Activity Attitudes and Behaviors in Transgender and Cisgender Individuals.
Degree: MS, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2012, Kent State University
► Transgender individuals are more likely to be the targets of peer victimization…
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▼ Transgender individuals are more likely to be the targets of peer victimization than their cisgender counterparts. Emerging research has demonstrated a potential negative link between peer victimization and physical activity behavior. The purpose was to examine self-reported peer victimization, physical activity behavior and attitudes regarding physical activity in transgender and cisgender adults. Eighty (33 Transgender and 47 Cisgender) adults completed validated questionnaires assessing; peer victimization, physical activity behavior, social support for physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity. The peer victimization questionnaire asked participants about their peer interactions as children and contained the following sub-scales: Overt Victimization Subscale (OVS), Relational Subscale (RS) and Pro-social Receipt Subscale (PRS). Each of these subscales was summed individually. Transgender individuals had a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater BMI, OVS and RS and lower PRS, social support for physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity than cisgender adults. There was a trend (p ≡ 0.06) towards a difference in physical activity between groups. Self efficacy (r ≡ 0.52), social support (r ≡ 0.49), PRS (r ≡ 0.34), OVS (r ≡= -0.3) and BMI (r = -0.25) were significantly (p ≤ 0.03) correlated to physical activity. RS (r ≡ -0.18) was not (p ≡ 0.1) correlated to physical activity. Transgender individuals were less physically active, received less social support, had lower self-efficacy, were more victimized and had a greater average BMI than cisgender individuals. Transgender individuals appear to be an excellent model for studying the effects of negative social interaction on physical activity behavior.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barkley, Jacob.
Subjects: Health; Health Sciences; Sports Medicine
Keywords: Transgender, Cisgender, Peer Victimization, Physical Activity, Social Support, Self-Efficacy and Self-Attributes
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22.
Muller, Matthew David.
The influence of interval vs. continuous exercise on thermoregulation, torso hemodynamics, and finger dexterity in the cold (5°C).
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2009, Kent State University
► PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how interval (INT)…
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▼ PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how interval (INT) and continuous (CONT) exercise alter body temperatures and manual dexterity in the cold. Since athletes, construction workers, and military personnel perform fine motor tasks with bare hands in a cold environment, we sought to determine if one mode of exercise was more efficient at restoring manual performance after a period of immobility. METHOD: Fourteen apparently healthy, fit, young men underwent two three-hour trials in 5 ± 1 °C air, separated by one week. All trials included a 90-minute period of acute cold exposure (ACE), 30 minutes of exercise (INT or CONT) and a 60-minute recovery period (REC). Participants donned approximately 1 clo but the hands remained bare for the duration of testing so that a steep decline in dexterity performance occurred prior to the initiation of exercise. INT and CONT were isoenergetic, reflecting 50 ± 1% of each individual's VO2 max. Core and skin temperatures were monitored continuously and dexterity testing was conducted at ten time points throughout each 3-hour trial. In addition, oxygen consumption and torso hemodynamics were assessed via indirect calorimetry and impedance cardiography, respectively. RESULTS: As expected, finger temperature declined rapidly during ACE and caused a 32% reduction in dexterity performance, relative to thermoneutral conditions. Both modes of exercise increased finger temperature and manual performance, relative to ACE. However, CONT was significantly more effective than INT at increasing finger temperature, which resulted in significantly better dexterity scores during REC. Core temperature was not different between trials, which was expected. However, a significant increase in stroke index was found following CONT. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that a greater volume of warm blood in the torso facilitates finger rewarming (and thus dexterity performance) in the cold. The cascade of events from exercise mode to finger dexterity performance seems to be mediated in large part by the cardiovascular system.
Advisors/Committee Members: Glickman, Ellen.
Subjects: Biomedical research; Physical education
Keywords: cold; exercise; dexterity; temperature; blood flow; homeostasis
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23.
Paranjape, Aditi.
Intentions, Attitudes and Perceived Behavior Control Towards Healthy Nutrition Behaviors of Individuals Participating in a Group Counseling Program Versus Those Receiving Individual Counseling.
Degree: MS, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine if a difference…
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▼ Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine if a difference exists between Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs of intentions, attitudes and perceived behavior control (PBC) of community members who receive healthy lifestyle instructions via the format of individual vs. group counseling interventions. Methods: Sixteen subjects were recruited for each counseling category. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire. Statistical procedures included repeated measure analysis of variance and student t-test. Results: Both individual and group counseling format subjects had significantly higher TPB construct scores post-intervention. Group education subjects had significantly greater intentions as compared to the individual counseling category. However, there was no significant difference between the categories for PBC and all three subgroups of attitude. Conclusion: Overall improvements in behavioral constructs were observed following the participation in existing clinical and non-clinical setting group and individual interventions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gordon, Karen.
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24.
Patrick-Melin, Amy J.
Effect of 7 Days Aerobic Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity, Oxidative Stress, TLR2/TLR4 Cell Surface Expression and Cytokine Secretion in Sedentary Obese Adults.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► PATRICK-MELIN, AMY J., PH.D., August, 2011 Exercise Physiology EFFECT OF 7 DAYS…
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▼ PATRICK-MELIN, AMY J., PH.D., August, 2011 Exercise Physiology EFFECT OF 7 DAYS AEROBIC EXERCISE ON INSULIN SENSITIVITY, OXIDATIVE STRESS, TLR2/TLR4 CELL SURFACE EXPRESSION AND CYTOKINE SECRETION IN SEDENTARY OBESE ADULTS (218 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Michael I. Kalinski, Ph.D. Aerobic exercise training (AEX) has been well documented to improve glucose tolerance and insulin action in patients who are obese (Goodpaster & Kelley, 2003), insulin resistant (Rodgers, M.A., 1988) and in patients with T2DM (Bruce, 2004; Kirwan et al., 1990; Kirwan, Solomon, Wojta, Staten, Holloszy, 2009; Kirwan, Kohrt et al., 2002; Kirwan, et al., 1990) in the absence of weight loss. Mononuclear cells (MNC) are immune mediators of inflammation that are known to be elevated in diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance. Toll like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2, TLR4) are predominantly found on the plasma membrane of MNCs and play a key role in the innate immune response. However, it is not known whether improvements in glucose tolerance resulting from short term AEX is due to reductions in proinflammatory mediators. Thirteen sedentary obese (34.38 ± 1.13 kg/m2) adults, age 58.71 ± 3.21 yr, underwent Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGTT's), before and after 7 days of supervised AEX at 70% VO2 max. Insulin sensitivity was assessed via the OGTT, TLR2/TLR4 cell surface expression by flow cytometry, ROS production by chemiluminescense, and MNC derived cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6) secretion by ELISA. Seven days of AEX resulted in improvements in Matsuda insulin sensitivity (p= 0.04) in the absence of weight loss and increased VO2max, (p = 0.004). Metabolic improvements were also noted in CHOOX and FatOX ( p = 0.02, 0.03), Gluc120 and Ins120 responses (p = 0.002, 0.007) and tAUC for Gluc120 and Ins120 (p = 0.04, 0.01). ROS (p= 0.05) and IL-6 production at Gluc120 (p= 0.05) were also significantly reduced. No changes were observed in either CD14 or CD14 CD16 TLR2 or TLR4 response for any time points. Seven days of aerobic exercise training is sufficient to produce changes in insulin sensitivity in obese adults and these changes are associated with reductions in ROS and improvements in insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. However, because there were no changes in innate response, it is likely that a longer training duration greater than seven days may be required to reduce chronic inflammation in obese sedentary humans.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kalinski, Michael I.
Subjects: Health Care; Health Sciences; Physiology
Keywords: Exercise, Toll like Receptors, ROS, obesity, TNF-alpha, IL-6, inflammation
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25.
Peacock, Corey A.
Executive function and physical performance on flight control devices during exposure to normobaric hypoxia.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2012, Kent State University
► Hypoxia is a physiological state defined as a reduction in the distribution…
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▼ Hypoxia is a physiological state defined as a reduction in the distribution of oxygen to the tissues of the body. It has been labeled as a major factor in aviation safety worldwide because of its potential disorientation. Hypoxic symptoms have been found at altitudes ranging up to 12,500 ft.; however, federal regulations allow pilots to operate aircrafts at this altitude without the use of supplemental oxygen. Purpose: To determine the effects of 12,500 ft. on physiology, cognition, and performance in pilots during a flight simulation. Methods: Ten healthy male pilots engaged in three visits including a pre-screening visit and two experimental trials. Each of the trials consisted of a 60 minute baseline period, followed by a 60 minute flight simulation period. The first visit included all baseline anthropometric variables and a graded maximum exercise test using a leg cycle ergometer. The two experimental visits included a 0 ft. normoxic trial (NORM) and a 12,500 ft. hypoxic trial (HYP). Physiological data including heart rate (HR), oxygen utilization (VO2), oxygenation, and blood flow was collected. Also cognitive data including running memory (MEMORY) was collected. Finally, pilot performance data including operational errors (OE), command errors (CE) and total errors (TE) were recorded. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) time by condition interaction for HR, oxygenation, blood flow, and MEMORY. A paired samples t-test demonstrated a non-significant (p > 0.05) difference for OE, CE, and TE between trials. Conclusion: Pilots exhibited physiological and cognitive impairments; however, pilot performance was not affected by HYP.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ridgel, Angela.
Subjects: Physiology
Keywords: hypoxia, performance, flight
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26.
Radhakrishnan, Sreedivya.
Perception of synthetic vowels by monolingual and bilingual Malayalam speakers.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2009, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of vowels by speakers of English and Malayalam, native language of the state of Kerala, India. Three groups of subjects participated in the study, native speakers of English (L1E), native speakers of Malayalam (L1M) and native speakers of Malayalam who learnt English as a second language (L2M). There were three groups of subjects with ten subjects in each group. The first experiment examined how the perceptual vowel space is organized by the three subject groups. There were differences in the perceptual vowel space for English vowels for L1E and L2M groups. While the L1E group organized the perceptual space in to separate regions for the vowels of English, the L2M group was found to use fewer vowel categories to organize the vowel space. There were some differences in the native vowel space for L1M group and L2M group as well. This suggests that long-term use of a second language does change some aspects of the native vowel space for native speakers. The second experiment examined the smallest difference in frequency that was discriminated by the three groups. Three vowels, /i/, /æ/ and the ambiguous vowel between /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ were studied here. A same/different task was used in this experiment. The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant difference between L1E and L1M for vowel /æ/ and /ɪ/-/ɛ/. There were no significant differences for the other two vowel categories. The vowel /æ/ is absent in Malayalam and hence it is seen that the speakers of this language are less sensitive to formant frequency changes in this region of vowel space compared to native English speakers. The third experiment examined the discrimination and identification of vowel duration. There were no significant differences between the three subject groups in the discrimination of vowel duration. However the identification of vowel duration seemed to be different across the three groups. The L1E group seems to respond differently to changes in vowel duration than the L1M group. These findings have implications for cross-language research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hawks, John.
Subjects: Audiology
Keywords: Speech perception; Vowels; Malayalam; Second Language
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27.
Robinson, Tanya Danita.
Hypertension Beliefs and Behaviors of African Americans in Seleceted Cleveland Public Housing.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2012, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between hypertension (HTN)…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between hypertension (HTN) management behaviors and beliefs about HTN among a sample of African American adults who self-report having a diagnosis of HTN, by applying the constructs of the Health Belief Model. One hundred and sixty nine African American adult residents from four public housing apartment buildings in inner-city Cleveland, Ohio, completed a 46-item questionnaire. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD criterion revealed that HTN management behaviors among participants <50 years old were significantly less than that of participants aged 51 to 70 (p = 0.01), and participants older than 70 years of age (p = 0.01). HTN management behaviors of those who were diagnosed less than one year ago were also significantly less than that of participants who were diagnosed with HTN more than five years ago (p = 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the best combination of variables accounting for the most variability in self-reported HTN management behaviors was perceived barriers, age, and self-efficacy. Findings suggest that perceived barriers, self-efficacy, time with HTN diagnosis, and age are critical factors to consider when developing intervention strategies aimed at improving HTN control rates among African Americans. Public health efforts should focus on developing and disseminating intervention strategies that reduce real and perceived barriers and increase self-efficacy for adhering to HTN management behaviors. Continued explanatory and intervention research among community-dwelling hypertensive African Americans is needed to ensure that future efforts to improve HTN control rates among African Americans are met with success.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kerr, Dianne.
Subjects: Health Education
Keywords: Hypertension, African Americans, Health Belief Model
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28.
Ryan, Edward J.
CAFFEINE TIMING AND CYCLING PERFORMANCE.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2011, Kent State University
► PURPOSE: The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect…
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▼ PURPOSE: The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect of caffeine administration timing on cycling performance. We examined the effects of caffeine administered in chewing gum on metabolic, perceptual, and plasma β-endorphin responses during and after cycling exercise. METHODS: Eight male cyclists participated in five separate laboratory sessions. During the first visit, subjects underwent a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen consumption. During the next four visits, three pieces of chewing gum were administered at three time points (120 min pre-cycling, 60 min pre-cycling, and 5 min pre-cycling). Subjects were instructed to chew the gum for five min and then expectorate the gum. In three of the four visits, at one of the time points mentioned previously, 300 mg of caffeine (chewing gum) was administered. During the fourth visit, placebo gum was administered at all three time points. The experimental trials are defined as follows: Trial A (-120), Trial B (-60), Trial C (-5), and Trial D (Placebo). The order in which participants completed the experimental trials was randomized. Following baseline measurements, time allotted for gum administration, and a standard warm-up, participants cycled at 75% of maximal oxygen consumption for 15 min then completed a cycle time trial. Metabolic and perceptual data were collected at baseline and every three min during steady state cycling. Blood samples were obtained via venipuncture at baseline, 10 min pre-cycling, following steady state cycling, and at the end of the cycle time trial. RESULTS: Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Cycling performance was improved in Trial C (-5), but not in Trial A (-120) or Trial B (-60), relative to Trial D (Placebo). Caffeine did not impact metabolic, perceptual, or plasma β-endorphin responses to exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine administered in chewing gum enhanced cycling performance when administered immediately prior, but not when administered one or two hr prior to cycling.
Advisors/Committee Members: Glickman, Ellen.
Subjects: Physiology
Keywords: caffeine; performance; cycling; ergogenic aid
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29.
Sample, Kate Ellen.
Registered Dietitians' Knowledge of Pressure Ulcers and the Role of Nutrition in Wound Care.
Degree: MS, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2012, Kent State University
► The purpose of this study was to measure the general knowledge and…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to measure the general knowledge and the nutrition knowledge of pressure ulcer care of RDs in practice with regards to education, years of experience, age, different work settings, recency of exposure to educational material, and interest level towards working with older adults. Participants that were included in the study were 760 Ohio licensed RDs. The survey included demographics and 40 multiple-choice questions. Multiple-choice questions were divided into two parts: nutrition and treatment. Independent sample t-tests, ANOVAs, and Pearson��™s correlations were used to compare the scores of the nutrition and the treatment section with the data collected. Significance was set a priori at pU+2264 ISOtech – >.05. Results of this study showed that there were no differences in pressure ulcer test scores with regards to the level of education; however, significance was found in years of experience, age, different work settings, recency of exposure to educational material, and interest level towards working with older adults. Study findings suggest that continuous exposure of updated pressure ulcer educational material throughout the RDs��™ career, particularly RDs who work in hospitals or long-term care facilitates, is important for maintaining or increasing knowledge of pressure ulcers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ha, Eun-Jeong.
Subjects: Aging
Keywords: pressure ulcers; knowledge; registered dietitian; wound care; nutrition
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30.
Sanders, Gabriel J.
A friend versus a group of friends effect on physical activity behavior in 6-10 year old children.
Degree: PhD, College and Graduate School of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences, 2012, Kent State University
► Children today are not participating in adequate amounts of physical activity. While…
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▼ Children today are not participating in adequate amounts of physical activity. While research has identified several positive factors that contribute to increases in physical activity, only a few experimental studies have been conducted and only assessed the effect of a single peer or friend. Children are often physically active with more than one peer or friend and it is possible the presence of more than a single friend can further increase physical activity behavior in children. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to assess the amount, intensity and motivation of children's physical activity in a controlled setting under three separate social conditions; alone, with a single friend and with a group (four) of friends. Children (n= 12 boys, n= 12 girls) between the ages of 6-10 years old participated in each social condition for 30 minutes in which they could choose from a variety of physical and/or sedentary activities. Children's physical activity was measure via accelerometry while the amount of time each child allocated to sedentary activities was recorded using a stop watch. Upon completion of each 30-minute session children were given the option to participate in a 10-minute bonus period. During a 40-minute activity session, children's accelerometer counts were significantly greater (p < .05) during the friend (136,983 ± 8,636) and group (131,356 ± 6,493) conditions, relative to the alone (99,835 ± 9,225) condition. Girls allocated significantly (p < .03) more time to sedentary activities when alone (12.7 ± 3.9) compared to the friend (3.6 ± 1.5) and group (3.9 ± 0.8) conditions. Boys, relative to girls, allocated less (p < .006) time to sedentary activities when alone (0.6 ± 0.6) and did not significantly (p ≥ .08) alter their time during the friend and group conditions. A significantly greater (p < .001) proportion of children chose to participate in the 10-minute bonus period during the friend (92%) and group (100%) conditions than the alone condition (33%). Playing with one or more friends, relative to playing alone, is more motivating and can increases physical activity and reduce the amount of time 6-10 year old children allocate to sedentary activities.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barkley, Jacob.
Subjects: Behavioral Sciences; Health Sciences
Keywords: physical activity; friends; peers; peer influence; children
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