Department: Fenn College of Engineering ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
193 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
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1.
Abu-Zahra, Esam.
High Strength E-Glass/CNF Fibers Nanocomposite.
Degree: Doctor of Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, 2007, Cleveland State University
► Glass fibers are among the most versatile industrial materials known today, where…
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▼ Glass fibers are among the most versatile industrial materials known today, where 4 billion pounds of glass are used every year. They are readily produced from raw materials, which are available in virtually unlimited supply. To compensate for its low tensile strength, glass is usually mixed with other materials such as nanofibers and nanospheres, to form what is called “glass nanocomposites”. Nevertheless, glass composites still suffer from different weaknesses; such as: poor dispersion, poor alignment and orientation of reinforcing materials (due to their short lengths relative to the defect sizes in the composite matrices), in addition to the difficulties associated with handling randomly oriented nanofibers and nanotubes in an industrial setting. The aim of this work is to develop a novel method for utilizing carbon nanofibers to increase the strength of glass fibers by producing continuous hybrid glass fibers. The method makes use of the high aspect ratio of the CNFs along with the glass filament drawing process to imbed, disperse and align the CNFs in glass fibers. Short CNTs will bridge the small cracks in the glass fiber filaments, whereas, relatively long CNFs will take care of the larger defects. The novel hybrid glass fibers will have a wide range of applications; particularly in aerospace and automotive industries.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nayfeh, Taysir.
Subjects: Engineering, Industrial
Keywords: Glass Fibers, Nanotechnology, Hybrid Fibers, Nanotubes, Carbon Nanotubes
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2.
Adamic, Raymond Matthew.
CFD and Heat Transfer Models of Baking Bread in a Tunnel Oven.
Degree: Doctor of Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, 2012, Cleveland State University
► The importance of efficiency in food processing cannot be overemphasized. It is…
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▼ The importance of efficiency in food processing cannot be overemphasized. It is important for an organization to remain consumer- and business-oriented in an increasingly competitive global market. This means producing goods that are popular, of high quality and low cost for the consumer. This research involves studying existing methods of baking bread in a common type of industrial oven - the single level bread baking tunnel oven. Simulations of the oven operating conditions and the conditions of the food moving through the oven are performed and analyzed using COMSOL, an engineering modeling, design and simulation software. The simulation results are compared with results obtained using MATLAB (a high-level programming language), theoretical analyses and/or results from literature. The most important results from this research are the attainment of the temperature distribution and moisture content of the bread, and the temperature and velocity flow fields within the oven. More specifically, similar values for the temperature rise of a 0.1 m by 0.1 m by 1 m model dough/bread were attained for analytical results, MATLAB, COMSOL (using a volumetric heat source), and COMSOL (using heat fluxes from analytical calculation); these values are 41.1 K, 39.90 K, 41.45 K, and 41.46 K, respectively. Similarly, the temperature rise of the dough/bread from a 2-D COMSOL model (using appropriate inputs for this and all models in this research) is found to be 25.39 K, which has a percent difference of - 44.4 % from the MATLAB result of 39.90 K. The moisture loss of the bread via analytical (and MATLAB) calculation is found to be 0.0423 kg water lost per hour, which is within the literature values of 0.030 and 0.25488 kg water lost per hour. The velocity flow fields within the (open) oven for the dimensional free (natural) convection COMSOL simulation show a qualitatively correct rising of the air due to the buoyancy forces imposed by the heating elements. The flow fields within the (closed) oven for the nondimensional free convection COMSOL simulation show the qualitatively correct regions of cellular flow caused by the hot (heating element area) and cold regions of the domain.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ebiana, Asuquo.
Subjects: Mechanical Engineering
Keywords: computational fluid dynamics; industrial bread baking oven
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3.
Ajani, Gati.
Characterization of changes in hyaluronan following epidermal barrier injury in an organotypic model.
Degree: Doctor of Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, 2008, Cleveland State University
► The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis of skin, provides…
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▼ The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis of skin, provides a functional permeability barrier that is essential for our survival and must be rapidly repaired after injury. Of interest to us, a ubiquitous matrix molecule called hyaluronan (HA) has come to the forefront in wound healing research because it is induced after epidermal injury and may be crucial for barrier repair. This thesis examines the role of HA during recovery from the most fundamental form of skin injury, i.e. selective damage to the stratum corneum. The overall question is whether this form of stratum corneum injury can lead to changes in HA similar to that of a full thickness skin wound. To investigate this question, a bioengineered model of barrier injury in organotypic epidermal cultures was first characterized. Changes in HA, in terms of an increase in overall amount and molecular weight, and increased levels of the HA-metabolizing enzymes (HA Synthases 2 and 3) were then measured and defined. Finally, the signalling mechanisms responsible for induction of HA synthesis were explored, revealing that activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor is essential for the up-regulation of HA after barrier injury.
Advisors/Committee Members: Maytin, Edward.
Subjects: Biomedical research; Cellular biology; Molecular biology
Keywords: bioengineered model; barrier injury; hyaluronan; epidermis
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4.
Alanazi, Hamdan Noman.
Characterization of Elastin-Like Polypeptides Using Viscometry.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2011, Cleveland State University
► Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are a class of polypeptide polymers that are gaining…
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▼ Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are a class of polypeptide polymers that are gaining interest in various potential applications. These polymers are responsive to the changes in their environment by exhibiting conformational changes and aggregation. Monodisperse elastin-like polypeptides, (GVGVP)40, (GVGVP)40-foldon, and (GVGVP)60-foldon are made in bacterial expression system. An Ubbelohde capillary viscometer was set up to characterize the structural changes of these ELPs in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. For the ELP-foldon, the relative viscosity measurements were utilized to calculate the intrinsic viscosities using Kraemer and Huggins equations. The known molecular weights of the ELPs and the experimentally determined intrinsic viscosities facilitated the calculation of the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada constants. The value of the exponential a in the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation was 0.69 at 20°C and it decreased as the temperature increased until it reached 0.51 at 26°C. The observed changes in a indicate that the conformation of the polymer coils changes from expanded and hydrated coils to theta coils. Viscosity measurements were limited in this project by concentration, since low concentrations produced small specific viscosities with large errors. A second limitation on the viscosity measurements was the aggregation of the polymers. The polymers aggregated at their phase transition temperature, Tt, and they phase separated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Holland, Nolan.
Subjects: Chemical Engineering
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5.
Alexander, BXS.
ROTOR POSITION AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR AEROSPACE FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES AND OTHER VIBRATION BASED DEVICES.
Degree: Doctor of Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, 2008, Cleveland State University
► Flywheel energy storage has distinct advantages over conventional energy storagemethods such as…
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▼ Flywheel energy storage has distinct advantages over conventional energy storagemethods such as electrochemical batteries. Because the energy density of a flywheel rotor increases quadratically with its speed, the foremost goal in flywheel design is to achieve sustainable high speeds of the rotor. Many issues exist with the flywheel rotor operation at high and varying speeds. A prominent problem is synchronous rotor vibration, which can drastically limit the sustainable rotor speed. In a set of projects, the novel Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is applied to various problems of flywheel rotor operation. These applications include rotor levitation, steady state rotation at high speeds and accelerating operation. Several models such as the lumped mass model and distributed three-mass models have been analyzed. In each of these applications, the ADRC has been extended to cope with disturbance, noise, and control effort optimization; it also has been compared to various industry-standard controllers such as PID and PD/observer, and is proven to be superior. The control v performance of the PID controller and the PD/observer currently used at NASA Glenn has been improved by as much as an order of magnitude. Due to the universality of the second order system, the results obtained in the rotor vibration problem can be straightforwardly extended to other vibrational systems, particularly, the MEMS gyroscope. Potential uses of a new nonlinear controller, which inherits the ease of use of the traditional PID, are also discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lin, Paul.
Subjects: Engineering
Keywords: Active Disturbance Rejection Control, Vibration Control, Feedback Control
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6.
Ambrosia, Michael Gerald.
7D CARDIAC FLOW MRI – TECHNIQUES & AUTOMATION OF RECONSTRUCTION.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2012, Cleveland State University
► Advances in magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the blood flow in the…
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▼ Advances in magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the blood flow in the heart and major vessels stemming from the heart has recently allowed for advanced clinical applications for patients suffering from cardiac valve problems and aortic abnormalities. 7D cardiac flow quantification is relatively new, but has already shown potential in several clinical applications, including bicuspid valve and aortic coarctation characterization. In addition radiologists diagnosing valvular regurgitation may benefit from insight provided by the 7D cardiac flow quantification protocol. 7D cardiac flow quantification using magnetic resonance imaging will provide direction flow quantification in the anterior / posterior, head / foot, and left / right directions, in time, through the imaging volume. Providing MRI techniques that may lead to clinical applications to characterize the cardiac valves, the flow differentials during cardiac function, and the flow and pressure differentials of the aortic arch, as well as automation of the delayed reconstruction process for raw data, are the main focus of this study. The study was approached in four stages. First, using the Philips ExamCard environment, a scan protocol was developed. The scan protocol provided the anatomical views for the 7D flow quantification in the heart. Execution of the ExamCard provides two anatomical areas of focus, the aortic arch and the valve plane of the heart. Raw data was saved to the scanner’s database, for later reconstruction. A second stage of the project was completed to verify the ExamCard and manual reconstruction had been properly developed. To do so, four volunteer studies were completed. Each volunteer was scanned on the same Philips 1.5T Achieva scanner, using the 7D flow ExamCard developed in stage one, and raw data reconstructed using the manual delayed reconstruction procedure. Flow quantification in a 3D volume in 3 directions over time was verified. Results were verified using existing studies as a gold standard. Because manual delayed reconstruction is time consuming, and may lead to errors, automation of the delayed reconstruction is desired. A third stage of the project was aimed at automation of the delayed reconstruction process. The third stage of the project involved writing a batch file to automate the reconstruction of the raw data saved from the previously described scan protocol. The batch file is an executable script file that will automate the manual work of the Philips delayed reconstruction procedures. The batch file, when executed, will select, change reconstruction parameters for each of the 2 anatomical areas, in three different directions, for a total of 6 scan reconstructions, run the reconstruction, and name the scans appropriately. Using raw data of the four volunteer studies in stage 2, the batch file was tested. The focus then shifted to a fourth stage of the project. The focus was verifying the results of the automation versus the manual delayed reconstruction process. Using standard Philips Achieva analysis software, reports for all manual, automated, and “subtraction” data sets were generated. These reports were compared. In all cases, both the manual and automated data sets produced analysis exactly the same for the given parameters. The “subtraction” data set further proved the manual and automated data sets were the same by analysis where all measured parameters were zero, proving the hypothesis and demonstrating the automated batch file did indeed reconstruct the raw data equivalent to reconstruction produced using the standard manual delayed reconstruction package from Philips. Finally, the data sets from the automated reconstruction were used to plot velocity profiles across regions of interest and compare results between operators as well as patients. The project was completed at the Philips Healthcare facility located at 595 Miner Rd, Highland Heights, OH, in conjunction with the Cleveland Clinic Foundation of Cleveland, Ohio.
Advisors/Committee Members: Halliburton, Sandra.
Subjects: Biomedical Engineering; Biomedical Research; Engineering; Medical Imaging; Radiology
Keywords: 7D CARDIAC FLOW MRI – TECHNIQUES & AUTOMATION OF RECONSTRUCTION
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7.
Ari, Venkata Ramana.
Value Stream Mapping of Information Flow in Infrastructure Projects.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2010, Cleveland State University
► Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a tool for depicting the flow of…
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▼ Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a tool for depicting the flow of material in a manufacturing process. This study demonstrates that value stream mapping can also be applied to the movement and processing of information in a non-manufacturing environment. Here, the handling of, and changes to, water project construction plans within the Cleveland Division of Water (DOW) are tracked using value stream mapping. The map identifies opportunities for the Division of Water to streamline its processes and ensure that accurate information about project construction reaches its primary database in a timely fashion. Currently it takes about 19.1 weeks from the time a project is proposed to the time the construction may begin. The value stream map shows that 17 weeks of this time consists of non-value added activity such as backlogs and waiting. A second issue of concern to the DOW is receiving the changes made to the original project plans. It is common for crews to deviate from plan to accommodate unexpected conditions found at a construction site. These changes must be communicated back to the Division of Water. Using Lean tools both value-added and non-value added activities on the value stream map can be identified. The future state map shows how the process might be improved after changes are made to the process. The challenge lies in organizing the information in the VSM to remove or reduce the non-value added steps. With the recommendations made to the Division of Water, the time from project proposal to the construction may feasibly be reduced from 19.1 weeks to 12.1 weeks. Similarly the bottleneck in the flow of the updated project information is identified. It is recommended that the bottleneck be removed as its value is negligible. There are some distinct differences between the office processes and manufacturing processes. Unlike production systems, information flows can be loosely structured and use informal scheduling, making it difficult to identify and map their values streams. However, companies can apply value stream mapping tool to office processes in the same way they use it in manufacturing.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thomas, M. Brian.
Subjects: Engineering; Industrial engineering; Mechanical engineering
Keywords: VSM; lean in government agencies; VSM in government agencies
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8.
Aurora, Amit.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SCAFFOLDS FOR AUGMENTATION OF ROTATOR CUFF REPAIRS.
Degree: Doctor of Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, 2010, Cleveland State University
► Rotator cuff tears are a source of debilitating pain that commonly affects…
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▼ Rotator cuff tears are a source of debilitating pain that commonly affects more than 40% of our aging population. Despite advances in surgical treatment, the failure rate of rotator cuff repairs is as high as 20-90%. Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived scaffolds have recently been investigated as augmentation devices for rotator cuff repairs, but none has yet demonstrated both the appropriate biological and mechanical properties for mitigating re-tears and enhancing healing. This dissertation proposes to engineer the mechanical properties of allograft fascia lata in a manner that will allow its use as an augmentation device for rotator cuff repairs. This dissertation also aims to develop a simple quasi-linear spring-network model for rotator cuff repairs to elucidate the basic biomechanics of these repairs. The central hypothesis is that engineered fascia lata will have suture retention strength similar to that of human rotator cuff tendon (~250N), even after in vivo implantation. The specific aims are to engineer the mechanical properties of allograft fascia lata ECM and to subsequently evaluate the host response and concomitant mechanical properties of the engineered (reinforced) fascia in a rat model. Further, this dissertation will also develop and validate a spring-network model for simplified rotator cuff repairs. Studies presented in this dissertation demonstrate stitching as a technology to engineer the suture retention and stiffness of allograft (human derived) fascia lata ECM. Stitching fascia ECM with braided, resorbable, polymer fibers in a unique, controlled manner increased the suture retention load of reinforced fascia scaffolds by six fold over non-reinforced fascia. Additionally, the suture retention properties of reinforced fascia scaffolds were comparable to that of human rotator cuff tendon (~250N) at time zero and even after in vivo implantation for twelve weeks. Except for the increased presence of foreign body giant cells in areas concentrated around the polymer fibers, the host response of the reinforced fascia scaffolds were comparable to the non-reinforced fascia at the time points investigated. The spring-network model predicted that the scaffold component carries ~20-30% of the total load on the repair. Parametric sensitivity analysis predicted that greatest improvements in the force carrying capacity of the repair may be achieved by improving the properties of the tendon-to-bone repair. Parametric simulation studies suggested that in the clinical setting of a weak tendon-to-bone repair, scaffold augmentation could significantly off-load the repair and largely mitigate the poor construct properties. However, engineering a scaffold with supra-physiologic stiffness would not translate into stiffer or stronger repairs. The results of this dissertation show that reinforced fascia scaffolds may have and possibly maintain mechanical properties comparable to the suture retention properties of human rotator cuff tendon. This suggests that reinforced fascia scaffolds may be able to provide mechanical augmentation to rotator cuff repairs and also modulate tendon retraction in a manner that reduces the incidence of tendon re-tear. The spring-network model provides a starting point to develop more clinically relevant models for rotator cuff repairs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Derwin, Kathleen A.
Subjects: Biomechanics; Biomedical Engineering; Engineering
Keywords: scaffolds, rotator cuff, tendon, tissue engineering, model
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9.
Avanesian, David.
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVE DISTURBANCE REJECTION CONTROL FOR VIBRATING BEAM GYROSCOPE.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2007, Cleveland State University
► Obtaining the approximation of rotation rate form a Z-Axis MEMS gyroscope is…
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▼ Obtaining the approximation of rotation rate form a Z-Axis MEMS gyroscope is a challenging problem. Currently, most commercially available MEMS gyroscopes are operating in an open-loop for purposes of simplicity and cost reduction. However, MEMS gyroscopes are still fairly expensive and are not robust during operation. The purpose of this research was to develop a high-performance and low-cost MEMS gyroscope using analog Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) system. By designing and implementing analog ADRC both above requirements were satisfied. Analog ADRC provides the fastest response time possible (because the circuit is analog), eliminates both internal and external disturbances, and increases the bandwidth of the gyroscope beyond its natural frequency. On the other hand, the overall design is extremely economical, given that the system is built using pure active and passive analog components. This work, besides achieving high-performance and providing low-cost solution, furnishes two novel designs concepts. First, Active Disturbance Rejection Controller can now be build using pure analog circuit, which has never been done before. Second, it is the first time that the advanced controller has been successfully implemented in hardware to control an inertial rate sensor like gyroscope. This work provides a novel solution to applications that require high-performance and low-cost inertial sensors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dong, Lili.
Keywords: Electrical Engineering; Gyroscope
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10.
Ayyala Somayajula, Dilip.
Biocompatibility of osteoblast cells on titanium implants.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2008, Cleveland State University
► Adhesion and proliferation of UMR 106-01 osteoblast cells were studied on various…
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▼ Adhesion and proliferation of UMR 106-01 osteoblast cells were studied on various surface modified titanium materials such as polished, sandblasted, anodized and alkaline treated. Anodization of polished surface in Hydrofluoric acid developed nano-tubes, while NaOH treatment produced spongy microporous morphology. Test samples were coated with non-adhesive protein bovine serum albumin and compared with fibronectin coated specimens. The adhesion study lasted for 4 hrs, where osteoblast cells were cultured in serum free medium. Polished titanium, anodized titanium and NaOH titanium have shown similar percentages of cell adherence. The proliferation study lasted for 48 hrs, where cells were initially allowed to adhere to the surface in serum free medium for 4 hrs, followed by a medium change to 10% fatal bovine serum. The specific growth rate after 48 hrs in culture on the polished surface was found to be comparable to the tissue culture plastic, which exhibited a high growth rate. No significant difference was found in cell numbers between polished, anodized and NaOH-Ti, but each has varying cell orientation on the surface. Fluorescence images stained with alkaline phosphatase revealed that polished surface had cells flattened to the surface with short filapodia. Anodized surface had cells uniformly distributed across the surface where as NaOH-Ti displayed cells in colonies. Cells were found bonding to the surface of NaOH-Ti firmly using their filapodia as an anchoring agent. These results suggest that NaOH-Ti provides support in initial hours of implantation and bolsters cell proliferation. All together this process may help to better integrate titanium implant surfaces.
Advisors/Committee Members: Belovich, Joanne.
Subjects: Biomedical research; Chemical engineering; Dental care; Materials science
Keywords: UMR 106-01; osteoblast cells; titanium; polished titanium; polished and anodized titanium; polished and NaOH treated titanium
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11.
Bakaraju, Omkareshwar Rao.
Heat Transfer in Electroosmotic Flow of Power-Law Fluids in Micro-Channel.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2009, Cleveland State University
► The present study examines heat transfer in electro-osmotic flow of power-law fluids…
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▼ The present study examines heat transfer in electro-osmotic flow of power-law fluids in a micro-channel analytically. The boundary layer equations governing the flow of power-law fluids in a micro-channel have been solved. Heat transfer characteristics such as the temperature distribution and Nusselt number are presented for parametric values of electro-kinetic parameter κH (where 1/κ is the Debye length and H is semi-channel height of the micro-channel) and Brinkman number. Uniform surface heat flux boundary condition has been considered. The effects of the Brinkman number on the Nusselt number for specific values of the flow behavior index (n) are analytically determined. This analysis has been carried out for two different cases: Case I - κH < 1, 0 < κy < 1, Case II - κH > 1, (a) 0 ≤ κy < 1, and (b) κy >1 and the results are presented graphically.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gorla, Rama Subba Reddy.
Subjects: Fluid dynamics; Mechanical engineering
Keywords: Heat Transfer; Microchannel; Power-law Fluids
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12.
Bani Hani, Ahmad.
Wind Flow Induced Vibrations of Tapered Masts.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2009, Cleveland State University
► Structural dynamic analyses of elongated masts subjected to various wind speeds are…
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▼ Structural dynamic analyses of elongated masts subjected to various wind speeds are presented in this work. The masts are modeled as vertically supported cantilever beams,with one end fixed to the ground, and the other end free. The external excitation forces acting of the masts are the results of vortex shedding represented by a sinusoidal time dependent functions. The frequencies of these sinusoidal functions are dictated by the Strouhal numbers associated of the flow regimes crossing over the masts. To enhance the vibratory behavior of a typical mast, under the influence of flow induced vibrations,three different mass distributions along the length of the mast were considered. The different mass distributions were achieved by tapering the mast along its length,allocating more of the mass at its fixed end, and gradually decreasing it toward its free end. Three different tapering angles were considered for these studies. All results were compared with the results obtained for a straight circular cross-section cylindrical mast having the same overall length and mass. For a mast length of 25 meters and a total mass of 1782.74 kg, three tapered angles of 0.229, 0.458 , and 0.596 degrees, were considered. These analyses show that the first natural frequencies of the tapered masts increases from that of the straight mast. The first natural frequency of the straight mass was determined to be 0.2845 Hrz. The corresponding first natural frequencies for the masts with tapered angle of 0.229, 0.458, and 0.596 became 0.417, 0.5911, and 0.7435Hrz. respectively. In addition to the natural frequency analyses, dynamic responses analyses of these masts were determined under the influence of the harmonic excitations resulting from the vortex shedding cause by the wind flow. For the tapered angles chosen in these studies the maximum displacement of the free ends of these masts were determined. For a wind speed of 10 m/s the free-end displacements of the tapered masts were determined to be (500, 1000, 1300)* 10-6 meters for tapered angles of 0.229,0.458, 0.596 degrees respectively. The computational analyses performed in this work were accomplished by using SAP 2000 software.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rashidi, Majid.
Keywords: MASTS; TAPERED; straight mast; TAPERED MASTS; SAP2000; STRAIGHT AND TAPERED; vortex shedding
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13.
Bao, Renjun.
Time Relaxed Round Robin Tournament and the NBA Scheduling Problem.
Degree: Doctor of Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, 2009, Cleveland State University
► This dissertation study was inspired by the National Basketball Association regular reason…
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▼ This dissertation study was inspired by the National Basketball Association regular reason scheduling problem. NBA uses the time-relaxed round robin tournament format, which has drawn less research attention compared to the other scheduling formats. Besides NBA, the National Hockey League and many amateur leagues use the time-relaxed round robin tournament as well. This dissertation study is the first ever to examine the properties of general time-relaxed round robin tournaments. Single round, double round and multiple round time-relaxed round robin tournaments are defined. The integer programming and constraint programming models for those tournaments scheduling are developed and presented. Because of the complexity of this problem, several decomposition methods are presented as well. Traveling distance is an important factor in the tournament scheduling. Traveling tournament problem defined in the time constrained conditions has been well studied. This dissertation defines the novel problem of time-relaxed traveling tournament problem. Three algorithms has been developed and compared to address this problem. In addition, this dissertation study presents all major constraints for the NBA regular season scheduling. These constraints are grouped into three categories: structural, external and fairness. Both integer programming and constraint programming are used to model these constraints and the computation studies are presented.
Advisors/Committee Members: Keys, L. Ken.
Subjects: Engineering
Keywords: Time relaxed, Sports Scheduling, Round Robin Tournament, NBA, Basketball
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14.
Barreto, Mitya M.
Application of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography to the Evaluation of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque.
Degree: Doctor of Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, 2009, Cleveland State University
► Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is responsible for around 50% of cardiovascular deaths…
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▼ Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is responsible for around 50% of cardiovascular deaths in USA. Early detection and characterization of coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque could help prevent cardiac events. Computed tomography (CT) is an excellent modality for imaging calcifications and has higher spatial resolution than other common non-invasive modalities (e.g MRI), making it more suitable for coronary plaque detection. However, attenuation-based classification of non-calcified plaques as fibrous or lipid is difficult with conventional CT, which relies on a single x-ray energy. Dual-energy CT (DECT) may provide additional attenuation data for the identification and discrimination of plaque components. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of DECT imaging for coronary plaque characterization and further, to explore the limits of CT for non-invasive plaque analysis. DECT techniques were applied to plaque classification using a clinical CT system. Saline perfused coronary arteries from autopsies were scanned at 80 and 140 kVp, prior to and during injection of iodinated contrast. Plaque attenuation was measured from CT images and matched to histology. Measurements were compared to assess differences among plaque types. Although calcified and non-calcified plaques could be identified and differentiated with DECT, further characterization of non-calcified plaques was not possible. The results also demonstrated that calcified plaque and iodine could be discriminated. The limits of x-ray based non-calcified plaque discrimination were assessed using microCT, a pre-clinical x-ray based high spatial resolution modality. Phantoms and tissues of different composition were scanned using different tube voltages (i.e., different energies) and resulting attenuation values were compared. Better vessel wall visualization and increase in tissue contrast resolution was observed with decrease in x-ray energy. Feasibility of calcium quantification from contrast-enhanced scans by creating “virtual” non-contrast images was demonstrated. Calcium was quantified from and compared between VNC and “true” non-contrast images (120 kVp). Calcium volumes between the two were not significantly different. DECT has potential to quantify calcium from contrast-enhanced images but is still limited in its ability to discriminate non-calcified plaques. Better spectral separation and improved resolution in clinical CT systems may allow plaque discrimination.
Advisors/Committee Members: Halliburton, Sandra.
Subjects: Biomedical research; Engineering; Physics; Radiology
Keywords: Dual-Energy Computed Tomography, Cardiovascular Imaging, Coronary artery disease, Diagnostic Imaging
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15.
Bathula, Manohar.
A Sensor Network System for Monitoring Short-Term Construction Work Zones.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2008, Cleveland State University
► Safety hazards encountered near construction work zones are high, both in number…
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▼ Safety hazards encountered near construction work zones are high, both in number and in the kind. There is a need to monitor traffic in such construction zones in order to improve driver and vehicle safety. In the past traffic monitoring systems were built with high cost equipment such as inductive plates, video cameras etc. These solutions are too cost-prohibitive and invasive to be used in the large. Wireless sensor networks provide an opportunity space that can be used to address this problem. This thesis specifically targets temporary or short-term construction work zones. We present the design and implementation of a sensor network system targeted at monitoring the flow of traffic through these temporary construction work zones. As opposed to long-term work zones which are common on highways, short-term or temporary work zones remain active for a few hours or a few days at most. As such, instrumenting temporary work zones with monitoring equipment similar to those used in long-term work zones is not practical. Yet, these temporary work zones present an important problem in terms of crashes occurring in and around them. The design for this sensornet-based system for monitoring traffic is (a) inexpensive, (b) rapidly deployable, (c) requires minimal maintenance and (d) non-invasive. In this thesis we present our experiences in building this system, and testing this system in live work zones in the Greater Cleveland area.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sridhar, Nigamanth.
Subjects: Educational software; Electrical engineering
Keywords: Sensor network applications; tracking; transportation engineering; spatial multiplexing
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16.
Baykut, Levent.
Opportunities for Lean Enterprise in Public Regional Transportation.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2010, Cleveland State University
► This thesis demonstrates the application of Lean Enterprise principles in a unionized/government-subsidized…
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▼ This thesis demonstrates the application of Lean Enterprise principles in a unionized/government-subsidized environment. This study states that Lean cannot be fully implemented in such an environment. The work environment and organization's culture required a hybrid system to maximize the process efficiency. Lean production is a manufacturing philosophy that focuses on adding value for the customer. It is commonly accepted that Lean is applicable to almost any repetitive process in any kind of organization, including government agencies and unionized work environments. The objective of this thesis was to research the opportunities and applicability for Lean Enterprise in public transportation. During the implementation a hybrid production system, consisting of Lean and systems engineering tools, is realized and integrated instead of a pure Lean system. This thesis details the implementation of Lean in the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority's bus maintenance facility, and presents the results of the transformation. The possible future state is proposed by the aid of Arena simulation software and statistical analysis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thomas, M. Brian.
Subjects: Industrial engineering
Keywords: lean production system
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17.
Baykut, Mert.
Evaluation of Lean Systems in Rail Maintenance Operations.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2011, Cleveland State University
► The recognized strength of lean systems is its broad applicability to every…
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▼ The recognized strength of lean systems is its broad applicability to every process industry even though they include some complicated and time-intensive processes. However, this conception is based on the tools and philosophy of Lean systems and the nature of the industry. The required craftsmanship and repetitive processes in rail maintenance define the uniqueness of this research The objective of this thesis was to research the opportunities and applicability for lean systems in rail maintenance. During the research a unique system, consisting of Lean systems and systems engineering tools, is realized and tried to integrate instead of a pure Lean system. This thesis details the potential implementation of Lean systems in the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority’s rail maintenance facility, and presents the results of the potential transformation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Keys, Kenneth L.
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18.
Bazzo, Jeffrey D.
Analysis of Uncontrolled Concrete Bridge Parapet Cracking.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2012, Cleveland State University
► The Ohio Department of Transportation has recently identified the problem of wide-spread…
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▼ The Ohio Department of Transportation has recently identified the problem of wide-spread premature cracking of concrete bridge parapets throughout its District 12 region (Northeast Ohio). Many of the bridge decks that contain these prematurely cracked parapets are of relatively recent construction. In severe cases, replacement of the parapet may be required before replacement of the bridge deck itself. This incurs a sunk cost upon the bridge owner, as the parapets will again be replaced during the regularly scheduled replacement of the bridge deck. In a recent instance, the replacement of a cracked parapet (without replacing the deck) cost District 12 approximately $140,000. In addition, parapet walls are a crucial safety feature of roadway bridge construction, and severe deterioration of these barriers could introduce a significant safety hazard. Premature cracking of concrete bridge parapets is a potentially complex problem, with a number of possible causes. The objective of this study was to determine the reasons for uncontrolled concrete bridge parapet cracking, and to provide recommendations to ODOT to prevent such cracking in the future. Potential factors examined in this study included: properties of the concrete mixtures used, construction methods, joint details, composite structural action, and durability of the concrete and reinforcement. Identifying the cause of, and avoiding this problem in the future, has several benefits, including: a potential cost savings for the district, increasing the safety of these structures in future construction, and increasing the overall understanding of the durability of these structures.
Advisors/Committee Members: Delatte, Norbert.
Subjects: Civil Engineering
Keywords: concrete; bridge parapet; cracking; structures; construction
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19.
Bhamidipati, Prasanna Subbarao.
FEA ANALYSIS OF NOVEL DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARING.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2011, Cleveland State University
► This work presents a finite element stress analysis of a novel design…
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▼ This work presents a finite element stress analysis of a novel design of cylindrical roller. The focus of this study is to create a uniform contact-stress distribution along the length of the roller and to recommend a roller bearing design which is easier to fabricate. The new design relies on creating symmetric cylindrical cavities at both ends of a roller. The cavity is concentric with the main body of the roller. The new roller design reduces overall mass of the typical assembly with helps to improve bearing life and its overall performance. The FEA results published herein shows that new roller design eliminates a roller edge stresses which is conventionally achieved by the crowning of the roller ends. This work shows that the maximum contact stress of typical unmodified end is reduced from 1380 M pa to 1220 M pa for a typical end modified of 3 mm deep and 12.50 diameters (Table V). Also, the new roller design allows an overall mass reduction of the roller by 12% (Table V).
Advisors/Committee Members: Rashidi, Majid.
Subjects: Mechanical Engineering
Keywords: Double-ended hollow roller , cavity depth, FEA analysis of novel design
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20.
Bheemidi, Dheeraj Reddy.
A Wrapper-based Approach to Sustained Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2008, Cleveland State University
► Time synchronization is an important service for wireless sensor network applications. Nodes…
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▼ Time synchronization is an important service for wireless sensor network applications. Nodes in the network stay synchronized by exchanging periodic messages that carry local timestamps. Several algorithms have been proposed in the literature that are suited to different kinds of application scenarios. A common problem across these time synchronization algorithms is that the energy cost of message exchange is high. In fact, the cost of radio communication far outstrips the cost of performing local operations on the processor. If the message exchanges were stopped, nodes will fall out of sync, and may no longer be able to meet application requirements. This thesis presents a wrapper-based approach to sustained time synchronization for wireless sensor networks. As such, this solution Booster for Time Synchronization Protocol (BTSP) will act as a wrapper around a given time synchronization protocol, and will apply local corrector operations to extend the time duration between two message exchanges between nodes. The wrapper performs at least as good as the original protocol provided, reduces the number of message exchanges on average, and consequently the energy consumed, significantly. BTSP has been implemented for TinyOS and evaluated on XSM motes in conjunction with TPSN, a popular time synchronization protocol for sensor networks.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sridhar, Nigamanth.
Subjects: Computer science; Electrical engineering
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks; Time Synchronization; BTSP Wrapper; Energy saving; TinyOS; booster for time synchronization
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21.
Bi, Tianzhu.
Biological Treatment of Milk and Soybean Wastewater with Bioproducts.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2010, Cleveland State University
► Dairy industries discharge larger amounts of wastewater as compared to other food…
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▼ Dairy industries discharge larger amounts of wastewater as compared to other food industries. Wastewater contains high amount of total organic carbon materials and nutrients, such as fat, protein, and lactose. Biological treatment is widely used to treat this kind of wastewater due to the fluctuation of amount and content of dairy wastewater. This study investigated removal of total organic carbon (TOC) from two types of dairy wastewater-milk and soy milk wastewater. The bioproducts used in experiments were baker's yeast, beer's yeast, live liquid microorganism (LLMO), Enforcer Overnite Toilet Care Liquid, and Enforcer Overnite Toilet Care Granular. The parameters included in this study were shaking time, concentration of wastewater, types of wastewater and bioproducts. Overnite Toilet Care Granules and Baker's yeast were very effective to remove TOC from milk wastewater. But when Overnite Toilet Care Granules dissolved, more particles were produced and increased the amount of TOC. So Baker's yeast was more suitable to treat milk wastewater than the others. The best result is 57% of TOC removal and happed at 6 hours when concentration of TOC was 25 mg/l. G1 is the best bioproduct for TOC removal from soybean milk wastewater. 75.2% of TOC was removed by using G1. It was more than twice higher than TOC removal by using Baker's yeast and Overnite Liquid Drain Care. Although the removal rate of using beer's yeast is almost the same as using Baker's yeast, Beer's yeast did not show steady results. Beer's yeast and Liquid Drain Care did not yield good results for treating both milk and wastewater. Because Beer's yeast and Liquid Drain Care contained unknown components and low concentrations of bacteria.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hung, Yung-Tse.
Keywords: Milk Wastewater, Soy Milk wastewater, Baker's yeast, Beer's yeast, LLMO, Enforcer Overnite Toilet Care Liquid, and Enforcer Overnite Toilet Care Granular
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22.
Blanchard, Tina-Louise.
A Systems Engineering Reference Model for Fuel Cell Power Systems Development.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2011, Cleveland State University
► This research was done because today the Fuel Cell (FC) Industry is…
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▼ This research was done because today the Fuel Cell (FC) Industry is still in its infancy in spite over one-hundred years of development has transpired. Although hundreds of fuel cell developers, globally have been spawned, in the last ten to twenty years, only a very few are left struggling with their New Product Development (NPD). The entrepreneurs of this type of disruptive technology, as a whole, do not have a systems engineering ‘roadmap", or template, which could guide FC technology based power system development efforts to address a more environmentally friendly power generation. Hence their probability of achieving successful commercialization is generally, quite low. Three major problems plague the fuel cell industry preventing successful commercialization today. Because of the immaturity of FC technology and, the shortage of workers intimately knowledgeable in FC technology, and the lack of FC systems engineering, process developmental knowledge, the necessity for a commercialization process model becomes evident. This thesis presents a six-phase systems engineering developmental reference model for new product development of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Power System. For this work, a stationary SOFC Power System, the subject of this study, was defined and decomposed into a subsystems hierarchy using a Part Centric Top-Down, integrated approach to give those who are familiar with SOFC Technology a chance to learn systems engineering practices. In turn, the examination of the SOFC mock-up could gave those unfamiliar with SOFC Technology a chance to learn the basic, technical fundamentals of fuel cell development and operations. A detailed description of the first two early phases of the systems engineering approach to design and development provides the baseline system engineering process details to create a template reference model for the remaining four phases. The NPD reference template model's systems engineering process, philosophy and design tools are presented in great detail. Lastly, the thesis draws an overall picture of the major commercialization challenges and barriers (both technical and non-technical) that SOFC developers' encounter.
Advisors/Committee Members: Keys, L. Kenneth.
Subjects: Alternative Energy; Business Costs; Business Education; Engineering; Environmental Engineering
Keywords: Systems Engineering; Systems Development; Reference Model, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; Fuel Cells; Commercialization
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23.
Blaze, Gina.
STIRLING CONVERTOR CONTROL FOR A LUNAR CONCEPT ROVER.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2007, Cleveland State University
► NASA Glenn Research Center is developing various circuits for a lunar concept…
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▼ NASA Glenn Research Center is developing various circuits for a lunar concept rover powered by both a stirling convertor and lithium ion batteries. To begin, a survey of six analog, non-power factor correcting controllers was done for an Advanced Stirling Convertor (ASC) design; one was selected to control the stirling convertor. Next, a constant power circuit and lithium ion battery charger was designed, built and tested based on simulation in PSpice. The constant power circuit enables the stirling convertor to maintain a constant power when additional power is required from the batteries.
Advisors/Committee Members: Simon, Dan.
Keywords: stirling convertor; rover; control; battery charger; constant power; linear AC regulator
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24.
Bolourchi, Maziyar.
Development and Modeling of a High Temperature Polymeric Heater.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2007, Cleveland State University
► Polymers are generally known for their excellent insulative properties. The addition of…
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▼ Polymers are generally known for their excellent insulative properties. The addition of carbonaceous fillers such as carbon black and graphite within a polymer matrix can impart electrical and thermal properties making them good conductors. The resulting composites can be used in applications requiring and/or ranging from electromagnetic and radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) shielding, electrostatic discharge (ESD) and heaters/heating elements to which metals have been the materials of choice. The advantages of using such composites include cost reduction, part consolidation, chemical resistance, lighter weight, and ability to easily design into complex three dimensional shapes via injection molding. For this work, various conductive thermoplastic composites were investigated as a metal (Ni-chrome heating element) alternative and/or substitute for use as heating elements through mechanisms of Joule heating. First, composites and test specimen were prepared via melt extrusion and injection molding respectively. Thereafter, electrical thermal and mechanical properties were characterized using both ASTM and non ASTM techniques. Results were then modeled using statistical software to determine correlations between formulations to responses and whether these results are desired and or meaningful. Results from experiments indicated significant advantage in using semi-crystalline polymers as the base carrier due to the superior electrical properties at equivalent filler loading compared to amorphous based composites, a criterion in joule heating. It was also determined that heating rate and maximum/plateau temperature was mainly a function of specimen resistance (formulation parameter) and voltage setting. Finally, the model obtained for plateau temperature was found to be significant. This indicated it is possible to develop polymeric type heaters with operating temperatures above 100°C (current technology) and as high as 200°C. Moreover, these composites would have self regulating properties other than positive temperature coefficient (PTC) type mechanism seen in olefin based polymeric heaters.
Advisors/Committee Members: Holland, Nolan B.
Subjects: Engineering, Chemical
Keywords: Polymeric Heaters; Resistive Heating; Joule Heating
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25.
Bommisetty, Venkata Satya Naga Karthik.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SPUR GEAR SET.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2012, Cleveland State University
► A Finite Element procedure has been developed in this work to determine…
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▼ A Finite Element procedure has been developed in this work to determine the load distribution factor, Km, of the AGMA formula for a set of spur gear. At first, a spur gear with perfect involute is modeled using a 3-D CAD software. The model is them is assembled with shafts having 1, 2, and 3 degree misalignments. The generated 3-D models were in turn imported to ANSYS workbench to calculate the maximum bending and contact stresses using finite element method. The results generated were then compared with the maximum bending stress results obtained for parallel shafts to estimate the Load Distribution Factor Km. This study resulted in Km values of 1.03,1.11, and 1.14.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rashidi, Majid.
Subjects: Mechanical Engineering
Keywords: Spur Gear
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26.
Borotikar, Bhushan S.
Subject Specific Computational Models of the Knee to Predict Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.
Degree: Doctor of Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, 2009, Cleveland State University
► Knee joint is a complex joint involving multiple interactions between cartilage, bone,…
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▼ Knee joint is a complex joint involving multiple interactions between cartilage, bone, muscles, ligaments, tendons and neural control. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is one ligament in the knee joint that frequently gets injured during various sports or recreational activities. ACL injuries are common in college level and professional athletes especially in females and the injury rate is growing in epidemic proportions despite significant increase in the research focusing on neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs. Most ACL injuries lead to surgical reconstruction followed by a lengthy rehabilitation program impacting the health and performance of the athlete. Furthermore, the athlete is still at the risk of early onset of osteoarthritis. Regardless of the gender disparity in the ACL injury rates, a clear understanding of the underlying injury mechanisms is required in order to reduce the incidence of these injuries.Computational modeling is a resourceful and cost effective tool to investigate the biomechanics of the knee. The aim of this study was twofold. The first aim was to develop subject specific computational models of the knee joint and the second aim to gain an improved understanding of the ACL injury mechanisms using the subject specific models. We used a quasi-static, multi-body modeling approach and developed MRI based tibio-femoral computational knee joint models. Experimental joint laxity and combined loading data was obtained using five cadaveric knee specimens and a state-of-the-art robotic system. Ligament zero strain lengths and insertion points were optimized using joint laxity data. Combined loading and ACL strain data were used for model validations. ACL injury simulations were performed using factorial design approach comprising of multiple factors and levels to replicate a large and rich set of loading states. This thesis is an extensive work covering all the details of the ACL injury project explained above and highlighting the importance of 1) computational modeling in injury biomechanics, 2) incorporating subject specificity in the models, and 3) validating the models to establish credibility. Techniques used in this study can be employed in developing subject specific injury prevention strategies. These models can be further used to identify gender specific risk factors associated with the ACL injury.
Advisors/Committee Members: van den Bogert, Antonie J.
Subjects: Biomedical research
Keywords: knee joint model; ACL; biomechanics; large scale optimization; ACL injury; knee biomechanics
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27.
Bu, Sen.
Modification, Expression, and Purification of Hyperactive Antifreeze Proteins from Insect Tenebrio Molitor.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2011, Cleveland State University
► Antifreeze proteins (AFPs), also known as thermal hysteresis proteins, can protect organisms…
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▼ Antifreeze proteins (AFPs), also known as thermal hysteresis proteins, can protect organisms from damage caused by freezing by lowering the freezing point of fluids. AFPs can bind to small ice crystals, inhibit ice growth, and change the morphology of ice crystals. The difference between the freezing temperature and the melting temperature is termed thermal hysteresis (TH). There are different types of AFPs, such as fish AFPs (type I, II, III, and IV) and insect AFPs. These AFPs can also be classified by their thermal hysteresis activity: moderately active AFPs and hyperactive AFPs. Previous research groups successfully constructed AFP (type I, and type III) multimers, and the thermal hysteresis measurement showed that the size of multimers can affect TH activities. However, how the TH of insect AFPs will be affected by multimerization is still unknown, since they already have much higher thermal hysteresis activities than fish AFPs in nature. Making active multimers of insect AFPs can be harder than type I and type III fish AFPs because of their highly disulfide-bonded structure. The aim of this thesis is to construct trimers of Tenebio molitor (TmAFP) by adding a foldon domain. The foldon domain has been added separately to N-teminus and C-terminus of TmAFP. Cold finger purification was utilized for the protein purification process. The purified proteins were then run on protein gels, demonstrating that trimers of TmAFP were successfully made, for both the N-terminus and the C-terminus foldon domains; the TmAFPs were active, indicating proper folding.
Advisors/Committee Members: Holland, Nolan.
Subjects: Biomedical Engineering
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28.
Butler, Erick Benjamin.
Biological Treatment of Dietary Supplementary Wastewater.
Degree: MS, Fenn College of Engineering, 2009, Cleveland State University
► Dietary supplement wastewater contains higher order polysaccharides such as the complex sugars…
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▼ Dietary supplement wastewater contains higher order polysaccharides such as the complex sugars maltodextrin and low fat milk. These complex sugars contain a significant amount of organic carbon; therefore, presence of these sugars can pose threats to the environment if discharged without treatment. While many food processing plants are required to send their waste through wastewater treatment, legislation may require preliminary treatment of these wastes in order to satisfy the effluent discharge requirements. Because of the high organic carbon presence, it would be preferable to use biological treatment methods to reduce the organics present within the system. Microorganisms are capable of degrading organic compounds present for the purpose of metabolic processes. Therefore, a series of experiments were conducted between the months of May and October 2009 to determine the effectiveness of biological degradation of carbon within various substrates.Preliminary studies were completed between May and July using LLMO (live liquid microorganisms) and baker's yeast to determine the proper substrate capable of microorganism synthesis. All analysis of total organic carbon (TOC) were performed using a Shimadzu TOC Analyzer. Substrates that were used included Kool Aid, Hershey's Cocoa, Gatorade, flour, potato starch, Slim Fast, and Carnation's Breakfast Essentials; however, Hershey's Cocoa and Gatorade were the only substrates that were not used in measuring organic carbon removal. The calibration curves for those substrates did not have an R2 value above 0.89 and therefore were not used for further observations. From preliminary studies, it was determined that Carnation Breakfast Essentials and Slim Fast produced the highest percent removal of organic carbon. However, Slim Fast was not used due to the difficulties of storage. The primary experiment conducted between July and October involved a comparison between microorganisms and the total organic carbon removal from Carnation Breakfast Essentials. Microorganisms involved in the experiment included four species of LLMO, store bought baker's yeast, brewery's yeast from a local brewery, and two Enforcer products (Liquid Drain Care and Toilet Care) for septic systems. Results determined that LLMO recorded the highest % of total organic carbon removal followed by baker's yeast. Brewer's yeast and Enforcer septic system products were declared ineffective due to the surrounding high concentration of high molecular hydrocarbons-brewer's yeast were collected from fermenting beer, Enforcer Liquid Drain Care contains high molecular hydrocarbons, and Enforcer Overnight Toilet Care consists of sulfate compounds which inhibit reading of organic carbon presence in the samples.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hung, Yung-Tse.
Subjects: Environmental engineering
Keywords: Live-liquid Microorganisms, Carnation Breakfast Essentials, Beer Yeast, Total Organic Carbon, Enforcer, Baker Yeast, Dietary Supplement Wastewater, Bioaugmentation
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29.
Callihan, Patrick F.
A MAJOR STUDY OF AMERICAN (FORD) COMPARED WITH JAPANESE (HONDA) AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY – THEIR STRATEGIES AFFECTING SURVIABILTY.
Degree: Doctor of Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, 2010, Cleveland State University
► Understanding the role of technology, in the automotive industry, is necessary for…
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▼ Understanding the role of technology, in the automotive industry, is necessary for the development, implementation, service and disposal of such technology, from a complete integrated system life cycle approach, to assure long-term success. This dissertation provides a unique complete characterization of the system life (cycle) business major cost elements of the automotive industry; the subsystems, cost elements, interplay and interdependencies that affect the total real life cycle cost and value; the various stated product, organizational, and process initiatives intended to produce significant improvements in the American automobile industry, as compared to the Japanese. This dissertation adds a perspective, understanding, and new insights of the drivers of business/technology changes and challenges that are likely to occur over the next 5-10 years. Research was carried out by an extensive review of publications, technical journals, articles, government agency documents, industry publications, annual reports and company bulletins, data and announcements. Results were generated and compared with past industry leaders’ efforts.
Advisors/Committee Members: Keys, LLyod.
Subjects: Technology
Keywords: U.S. Automobile Industry: Key Characteristics and Future Direction
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30.
Can, Ozge.
NOVEL ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN CONSTRUCTS FOR IMPROVED ACTIVITY.
Degree: Doctor of Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, 2008, Cleveland State University
► Many organisms are exposed to subzero temperatures in nature and can survive…
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▼ Many organisms are exposed to subzero temperatures in nature and can survive these temperatures by the effect of antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which inhibit ice crystal growth and change the morphology of ice crystals. Although the effects of these proteins, such as recrystallization inhibition, ice growth inhibition, and crystal habit changes, are known, a conclusive description of the protein-ice crystal interaction including interaction energy, surface coverage, and lifetime of adsorbate has been elusive.In this study, different antifreeze protein constructs are designed and expressed such that they can be conjugated to polymers to increase the thermal hysteresis activity especially at low concentrations. Trimers of these proteins are also constructed using a foldon domain attached to their C-terminus. New constructs of type I and type III antifreeze proteins yield significantly higher thermal hysteresis activities than the native protein. Furthermore, we determine the binding equilibrium constant for a type III fish antifreeze protein and the relationship between thermal hysteresis and surface coverage for this protein. This is possible using experimental data from a two-domain antifreeze protein and its related single domain protein. The classical Langmuir isotherm is used to describe the equilibrium exchange of the single domain type III AFP molecules at the ice crystal surface, while a modification of the Langmuir isotherm is derived to describe the adsorption of the two-domain AFP. Because the protein adsorption is governed by different isotherm relationships, there are two independent data sets allowing the determination of the two unknowns of surface coverage and binding energy. The data yield a binding equilibrium constant of 1.9 mM-1 for the type III AFP-ice interaction. The analysis results in a relationship between surface coverage and thermal hysteresis, as well as kinetic equations of the adsorption of the proteins onto the ice surface.
Advisors/Committee Members: Holland, Nolan.
Keywords: AFPs; thermal hysteresis; PROTEIN; ANTIFREEZE; T1N; hysteresis; T1D
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