Department: Psychology/Developmental ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
11 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 11.
1.
Davis, Guyla D.
From Worker to Retiree: a Validation Study of a Psychological Retirement Planning Measure.
Degree: PhD, Psychology/Developmental, 2007, Bowling Green State University
► In order to determine whether psychological retirement planning is a viable construct,…
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▼ In order to determine whether psychological retirement planning is a viable construct, a measure was developed and the psychometric properties of the measure were assessed. Using the approach that retirement is a role and work provides meaning that is potentially lost with retirement, a 23-item instrument was developed. Data collected from 369 full time workers were used to validate the psychological retirement planning measurement. Exploratory factor analysis was used to condense items into four cohesive factors (i.e., developing a structure, anticipation of loss, spousal/partner relationships, and identity) and confirmatory factor analysis was used to fit the factor structure to the data. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the scale to the data and alpha coefficient estimates of reliability for the newly developed scale were found to be good (overall scale á = 0.92, subscale á ranged from 0.79 to 0.91). In addition, convergent, divergent, and criterion-related validity was assessed in order to validate inferences about psychological planning from the scale. The new Psychological Retirement Planning measure was positively correlated with existing measures of psychological retirement planning measures, indicating evidence of convergent validity. The Psychological Retirement Planning measure was significantly related to measures of financial retirement planning, to a lesser degree than the relationship with psychological planning, providing evidence of divergent validity. In terms of criterion-related validity, psychological retirement planning did contribute to the explained variance of attitudes toward retirement, but results are mixed depending upon how attitudes are measured. While the construct still needs some further development and more supporting evidence is required, the foundation has been set to further explore this new construct. In the future, different criterion variables will be chosen to provide further validation and research needs to be conducted on different populations, such as lower SES samples as well as target individuals who are specifically low or high on worker identity salience.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chen, Yiwei.
Subjects: Psychology, Developmental
Keywords: Retirement planning, aging, work, roles
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2.
Dudte, Kari A.
Electronic Bullying: The Case of Anonymity.
Degree: MA, Psychology/Developmental, 2011, Bowling Green State University
► Electronic bullying, commonly referred to as “cyberbullying,” is a type of bullying…
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▼ Electronic bullying, commonly referred to as “cyberbullying,” is a type of bullying that uses electronic devices such as cell phones and the internet to harass, intimidate, and bully others. Electronic bullying has become a more prevalent issue and public health problem in our society. Electronic bullying expands upon traditional bullying territory and provides more routes and access for bullies to aggress upon their victims – often anonymously. This study aimed at finding how familiarity with a bully’s identity related to consequences of bullying found in previous research such as anxiety, fear, depression, and feelings of control (the focus variables). It also aimed at exploring children’s beliefs about prevention techniques to stop electronic bullying. Participants were one-hundred and thirty-eight 5th through 9th graders in Ohio. Anxiety, depression, and fear were predicted by bullying experience. Those who had been electronically bullied rated themselves higher on these variables. A significant relationship was not found between familiarity and the focus variables. Prevention techniques were explored with participants who had been bullied indicating what actions they used to stop electronic bullying in the past, which of those they believed were successful, and which techniques they would consider using in the future. Implications, sex and grade differences, and future directions are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tisak, Marie.
Subjects: Developmental Psychology; Psychology
Keywords: electronic bullying; cyberbullying; internet victimization; adolescence; familiarity; bullying prevention
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3.
Galliger, Courtney C.
NAUGHTY OR NICE: SOCIAL INTERACTION ON THE SCHOOL BUS.
Degree: MA, Psychology/Developmental, 2006, Bowling Green State University
► Past research has found that different contexts create unique experiences that contribute…
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▼ Past research has found that different contexts create unique experiences that contribute to a child's development. A context that remains unexplored, however, is the bus ride to and from school. The current study explored the school bus as a unique context for social interaction. More specifically, the purpose of this study was to understand any gender differences, developmental differences, and differences in being an actor versus a recipient in the rate and types of prosocial and aggressive behaviors that occur on the bus ride to and from school. One hundred and fifty-seven elementary school students (78 males and 79 females) in grades 3, 4, and 5 completed a questionnaire concerning the rate and types of prosocial and aggressive behaviors that occur on the school bus. Overall, the results indicated that students were prosocial more often on the school bus than they were aggressive. Regarding the rate of prosocial and aggressive behaviors, the results showed several signficant effects with respect to participant gender, peer gender, being an actor versus a recipient, and age. Regarding the types of social behaviors, five types of prosocial behavior were identified and five types of aggressive behavior were identified. Although the types of social behaviors were consistent with past research, differences found in the current study were distinctive. For example, participants mentioned non-traditionally studied prosocial behaviors (e.g., companionship and benevolence) more often than traditionally studied behaviors (e.g., sharing and helping). In addition, participants mentioned physical aggression more often among their female peers than among their male peers. It is concluded that the present results have important implications for the school bus context and for future research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tisak, Marie S.
Subjects: Psychology, Developmental
Keywords: school bus; social interactions; prosocial behavior; aggressive behavior; children's social interactions
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4.
Galliger, Courtney Carroll.
To Be Or Not To Be…Motivated: A Comparison Of Students' Goal Orientation Within Direct Instruction And Constructivist Schools.
Degree: PhD, Psychology/Developmental, 2009, Bowling Green State University
► The goal of this study was to compare students' achievement goal orientation…
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▼ The goal of this study was to compare students' achievement goal orientation within schools that take a more direct instruction approach to education (e.g., schools that are not affiliated with any educational organization) and schools that take a more constructivist approach to education (e.g., Montessori schools). Participants included 209elementary school students. The results revealed that although Non-affiliated students were more performance oriented than Montessori students, Non-affiliated students and Montessori students had an equal level of mastery orientation. Additionally, the results indicated that both Montessori and Non-affiliated student were more mastery oriented than performance oriented. Lastly, it was found that students' mastery orientation was related to adaptive outcomes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Musher-Eizenman, Dara.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: Montessori; Constructivism; Direct Instruction; Student Goal Orientation; Achievement Goal Orientation; Student Motivation; Academic Motivation
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5.
Kiefner, Allison Elizabeth.
Media Exposure and Body Image in 6-9 Year Old Girls: The Role of Perceived Realism and Internalization of Media.
Degree: MA, Psychology/Developmental, 2011, Bowling Green State University
► Previous research has established that adult-focused media contributes to poor body image…
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▼ Previous research has established that adult-focused media contributes to poor body image attitudes in adult and teenage women. The body image attitudes of children are also negatively affected by adult-focused media. Although child-focused media contains similar thin-female idealized messages and themes, the impact of this type of media on the body image attitudes of young girls has not been well studied. This study examined the relationship between 6-9 year old girls’ exposure to child-focused media and their body image attitudes. Internalization of the thin ideal and perceived realism of media were also examined as individual difference variables and their relationship to body image attitudes is reported. No media exposure or preference variables directly impacted participants’ body image attitudes, possibly because reports of media were unreliable. Thin ideal internalization and perceived realism of child-focused media were significantly correlated. Internalization was also related to a preference for a thinner body. Results from this study highlight the need for improved measures of media exposure and the importance of understanding how young girls internalize the thin ideal portrayed in the media.
Advisors/Committee Members: Musher-Eizenman, Dara R.
Subjects: Developmental Psychology; Psychology
Keywords: Body Image; Perceived Realism; Internalization; Media
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6.
Laurene, Kimberly R.
Risky Living: A Comparison of Criminal Risk-Taking and Risk Perception in Adolescent and Young Adult Non Offenders and Offenders.
Degree: PhD, Psychology/Developmental, 2009, Bowling Green State University
► The main purpose of this study was to assess similarities and differences…
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▼ The main purpose of this study was to assess similarities and differences in criminal risk-taking and risk perception in adolescent and young adult nonoffenders and offenders. A total of 423 people (54 adolescent male nonoffenders, 69 adolescent female nonoffenders, 51 adolescent male offenders, 40 adolescent female offenders, 50 young adult male nonoffenders, 58 young adult female nonoffenders, 51 young adult male offenders, and 50 young adult female offenders) participated in this study. Participants completed six questionnaires. Two of the questionnaires assessed participants' risk-taking and four of the questionnaires assessed participants' risk perception. Significant age, gender, and offender status differences were found between participants in terms of criminal risk-taking and risk perception. When significant results were obtained, in general, young adults, males, and offenders engaged in more risk-taking and viewed engagement in criminal risk behaviors as less risky than adolescents, females, and nonoffenders, respectively. Depending on how risk perception was measured and on the criminal risk behaviors used, different results were obtained. This highlights the importance of assessing various types of risk perception and assessing criminal risk behaviors by crime domains. In addition it was also found that risk perception can be used to predict risk-taking. This study demonstrates the need to further explore this topic in order to ensure adolescents are treated fairly in the juvenile justice system and to provide the best possible intervention and treatment programs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tisak, Marie S.
Subjects: Developmental psychology
Keywords: Risk-Taking; Risk Perception; Juvenile Delinquency; Offenders
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7.
Ma, Xiaodong.
AGE DIFFERENCES IN CONJUNCTION FALLACIES AND INFORMATION PROCESSING STYLES.
Degree: MA, Psychology/Developmental, 2007, Bowling Green State University
► Probability reasoning plays an essential role in our everyday life. The current…
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▼ Probability reasoning plays an essential role in our everyday life. The current study examined if there were age differences in conjunction fallacies and in information- processing styles. Fifty-two younger and older adults attended study 1, and they completed a lottery problem first, then the Linda conjunction problem. No age differences were discovered regarding the conjunction error (CE) rates in the Linda problem. Furthermore, an age by gender interaction effect was found for both rational and experiential thinking styles. Fifty-two younger adults attended study 2, and they were randomly assigned to two groups with each group have 26 participants. Group 1 finished the lottery problem, and then the Linda problem. Group 2 completed the lottery problem, then the revised Linda problem, which provided base rates for the two events. Results showed that the CE rates of the Linda problem of group 2 were significantly reduced comparing with those of group 1.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chen, Yiwei.
Subjects: Psychology, Developmental
Keywords: Linda problem; CEs; lottery problem; younger adults
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8.
Ma, Xiaodong.
Age Differences in Processing Strategies of Emotionally Difficult Trade-off Decisions.
Degree: PhD, Psychology/Developmental, 2010, Bowling Green State University
► The present study explored age differences in emotionally difficult trade-off decisions and…
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▼ The present study explored age differences in emotionally difficult trade-off decisions and the underlying mechanism of the age-related effects. Forty younger adults and 40 older adults finished two decision tasks (i.e., purchasing a car vs. choosing a physician). They were randomly assigned to either the high trade-off difficulty condition or the low trade-off difficulty condition for both decision tasks. MouselabWEB software was used to trace participants' decision making process. Results showed that older adults were more likely to use attribute-based processing strategies compared with younger adults in the high trade-off difficulty condition for both tasks. On the other hand, younger adults were more likely to use alternative-based processing strategies compared with older adults in the high trade-off difficulty condition. In the car decision task, the retrospective negative emotion instead of cognitive ability mediated the age-related effects in processing strategies in the high trade-off difficulty condition.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chen, Yiwei.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: Aging; Processing Strategies; Trade-off Decisions
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9.
Oehlhof, Marissa Elena Wagner.
Self-Objectification among Overweight and Obese Women: An Application of Structural Equation Modeling.
Degree: PhD, Psychology/Developmental, 2011, Bowling Green State University
► Research on self-objectification has traditionally utilized samples of young, normal weight, female…
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▼ Research on self-objectification has traditionally utilized samples of young, normal weight, female college students which greatly limit the ability to generalize the results to other groups, particularly to overweight and obese individuals. Despite the incredibly high rates of overweight and obesity among adults in the United States and the obvious relevance of body objectification to the overweight and obese, they have been understudied to this date. Objectification theory posits that individuals can be concerned with their physical appearance regardless of body size. However, given their greater distance from the impossibly thin standard the culture has idealized as well as the considerable evidence for weight based objectification, internalized weight bias, and binge eating disorder, it is plausible that the particular mechanisms through which one experiences self-objectification may differ for those who are overweight and obese. This study tested two proposed measurement models of the relationship of body image in the psychosocial processes of weight based objectification. The relationships between weight-based objectifying experiences, internalized weight bias, self-objectification, body image, depression and disordered eating were analyzed using Objectification theory as a guiding framework. Structural equation modeling indicated a differing role for body image depending on weight status. Specifically, poor body image fit as an observed measure of Internalized Objectification for the Overweight Sample while occurring as a Psychosocial Outcome within the Normal Weight sample. Additional analyses of the structural models also indicate that for the Overweight sample, the relationship between Objectifying Experiences and Psychosocial Outcomes is fully mediated by the process of Internalized Objectification. In general, the preliminary results of this study provide support for the notion that self-objectification is likely a relevant construct in the lives of most women albeit consisting of group specific manifestations and requiring different methods of measurement.
Advisors/Committee Members: Carels, Robert A.
Subjects: Developmental Psychology
Keywords: self-objectification; body image; weight stigma; obesity; structural equation modeling
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10.
Pethtel, Olivia Lee.
Age and Cultural Differences in Cognitive and Affective Components of Subjective Well-Being.
Degree: MA, Psychology/Developmental, 2009, Bowling Green State University
► Previous research suggests that subjective well-being (SWB) is experienced differently according to…
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▼ Previous research suggests that subjective well-being (SWB) is experienced differently according to age and culture. The present study examined age and cultural differences in cognitive and affective components of SWB. Forty-two Chinese older adults, 47 Chinese young adults, 52 American older adults, and 47 American young adults completed surveys measuring self-life satisfaction, family's life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. It was found that older adults had lower negative affect than young adults in both China and U.S. It was also found that Americans had higher levels of self-life satisfaction, family's life satisfaction, and positive affect than Chinese across age groups. Additionally, family's life satisfaction was more related to self-life satisfaction for Chinese than for Americans. Findings are discussed in light of the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and the theories of culture and self-construal.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chen, Yiwei.
Subjects: Behaviorial sciences; Cultural anthropology; Developmental psychology; Gerontology; Psychology; Social psychology
Keywords: well-being; age differences; cross-cultural; life satisfaction; positive and negative affect
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11.
Pethtel, Olivia Lee.
Decision-Making Competence, Life Regrets, and Subjective Well-Being in Mature Adults.
Degree: PhD, Psychology/Developmental, 2012, Bowling Green State University
► Mature adults must be competent in making decisions every day and live…
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▼ Mature adults must be competent in making decisions every day and live with the consequences of those decisions. The present study examined the external validity of a measure of adult decision-making competence (Finucane and Gullion, 2010) with measures of real-life decision outcomes. In addition, the present study developed a measure of real-life decision outcomes as reflected by life regrets. The present study also examined how decision-making competence, dispositional factors, and life regrets differentially predicted life satisfaction and how decision-making competence and dispositional factors predicted life regrets. The external validity of the DMC measure was not supported by the results. Increasing age was related to lower DMC, but higher real life decision-making outcomes. The life regrets measure showed adequate internal consistency and convergent validity. Life regrets uniquely explained variance in life satisfaction on top of decision-making competence and dispositional factors. The results suggest that the DMC measure may only reflect the cognitive component of decision-making, but other factors are likely to be involved in real-life decision outcomes. Results also suggest that affective aspects of decision-making, as reflected by life regrets, are more predictive of actual decision outcomes and well-being than cognitive aspects, as measured by decision-making competence.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chen, Yiwei.
Subjects: Aging; Behavioral Sciences; Cognitive Psychology; Developmental Psychology; Gerontology; Personality Psychology; Psychology
Keywords: aging; decision making; well being; regret
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