Department: Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology ![[clear]](close-x.png "Remove this limiter")
16 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 16.
1.
Fruth, Jenny.
COMPARING SKINFOLD EQUATIONS FOR FEMALE ATHLETES USING THE BOD POD AS THE CRITERION.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2007, Bowling Green State University
► The primary purpose of this investigation was to compare percent body fat…
(more)
▼ The primary purpose of this investigation was to compare percent body fat (%BF) determined using skinfold regression equations for female athletes to %BF measured using the BOD POD (Life Measurement, Inc., Concord, CA) as the criterion measure. Valid skinfold equations for female collegiate athletes allow individuals to accurately and easily determine players’ %BF in a field setting. The accurate determination of body fat in female athletes enables pre- and post-season assessments as well as allows for potential diagnoses of symptoms involved in the female athlete triad (Fornetti et al., 1999; Nattiv and Lynch, 1994; Warner et al., 2004). The BOD POD has been shown to be a valid source of measurement of body composition in female athletes when compared to underwater (hydrostatic) weighing (UWW) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Participants in this study were 75 female collegiate athletes at a Division III University between the ages of 18-24 years. Each participant was tested in the BOD POD and had four skinfold sites measured. Criterion-related concurrent validity and intraclass reliability were tested before testing began to ensure the investigator was valid and reliable at taking skinfold measurements. Three previously developed skinfold equations for females were used to calculate %BF: The first equation (SF-UWW) utilized UWW as the criterion, the second equation (SF-DEXA) was developed using DEXA as the criterion, while the third equation (SF-Gen) was a general skinfold equation that has been recommended for women ages 18-55 years using UWW as the criterion. A one–way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with repeated measures on the four body composition techniques. Tukey’s HSD post hoc analysis was used to compare the means for each technique. Cohen’s d was used to calculate effect size for mean differences. No significant differences were found between the BOD POD and any of the skinfold measurements. However, significant differences were found with SF-DEXA having a lower %BF than SF-UWW and SF-Gen. In conclusion, it was found that the three skinfold equations used in this study compared with the criterion measure, BOD POD.
Advisors/Committee Members: Morgan, Amy.
Keywords: female athletes, body composition, BOD POD, skinfolds
More Like This
2.
Henry, Amy E.
Black Female Athletes' Perceptions of Competitiveness.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2008, Bowling Green State University
► The term competitiveness is constantly used in the sporting environment to describe…
(more)
▼ The term competitiveness is constantly used in the sporting environment to describe something a person has or does not have. Often we hear athletes referred to as being competitive. Or we hear a person needs to be competitive to participate in sport. However, what does competitiveness mean? It is a very ambiguous term. Competitiveness can mean striving to win for some people and for others it could mean putting forth effort. The purpose of this study is to examine Black female athletes' perceptions of competitiveness. I also wanted to explore how their goal orientations and perfectionistic tendencies were related to their perceptions of competitiveness. I specifically wanted to research the competitive experiences of Black female athletes whose unique experiences tend to be omitted from sport psychology research. Through a qualitative research method of semi-structured interviews, 12 Black female Division I track and field athletes described their perceptions of competitiveness. The Task and Ego Sport Orientation Questionnaire was administered to determine their goal profile. The Sport Orientation Questionnaire also was administered to compare their competitiveness scores to their perceptions of competitiveness. Half of the athletes adopted a high task/low ego goal profile and the other half adopted a high task/high ego goal profile. In general, the athletes with a high task orientation described competitiveness based on self-referenced goals whereas athletes with high ego orientation used social comparison when describing their competitive goals. As a result multiple dimensions of competitiveness emerged including the influence of effort and various physical and mental states associated with being competitive. In terms of perfectionism, the athletes felt that recovering from a mistake and not allowing the mistake to affect performance was viewed as being competitive. Some of the Black female athletes talked about their encounter with racial stereotypes and some felt that it affected their competitiveness. Gaining understanding of how athletes perceive competitiveness can bridge the gap between coach and athlete interactions and enable coaches to more effectively motivate their athletes. Also, developing a more concise, collective definition of competitiveness will aid in developing a scale to measure competitiveness.
Advisors/Committee Members: Krane, Dr. Vikki.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: athletes; COMPETITIVENESS; Ego; sport; coach; Task
More Like This
3.
Henry, Charlene M.
The Physiological Responses of Obese and Non-obese Women to Arm Ergometry.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2010, Bowling Green State University
► Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological characteristics…
(more)
▼ Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological characteristics and responses of obese and non-obese women to arm ergometry. Some exercises (e.g. walking, cycling, etc.) may be too demanding for obese individuals. Therefore, arm ergometry may be a better exercise in the obese population because it utilizes a smaller muscle mass and is non-weight bearing. This is necessary so that exercise physiologists, physicians, and personal trainers can prescribe individualized exercise programs using the arm ergometer as physical activity in obese individuals who cannot tolerate the stress of other forms of exercise. Methods: Twenty, low risk females aged 18 to 22 years old participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements included were: height, weight, abdominal diameter, arm, waist and hip circumferences, skinfolds, and arm volume. The participants also completed a progressive, continuous, multistage arm ergometry exercise test using a modified Monark cycle ergometer to exhaustion. Oxygen consumption, ratings of perceived exertion, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, and heart rate were assessed every minute during the exercise test. Independent-samples t test were calculated. Results: Significant differences were found between the means for the obese and non-obese groups for body weight (kg) t = -5.47, p <.05, df=18, BMI (kg/m2) t = -6.09, p < .05, df =18, body fat % t = -8.25, p <.05, df=18, waist circumference (cm) t = -6.27, p <.05, df=18, hip circumference (cm) t = -5.75, p <.05, df=18, waist to hip ratio t = -2.66, p <.05, df=18, abdominal diameter (cm) t = -6.02, p <.05, df=18, and HRmax (b.min-1) t = -2.15, p <.05, df=18, arm circumference t = -2.9, p<.05, df =18, arm volume t = -3.62, p<.05, df = 18, and upper arm fat mass t = -4.92, p < .05, df = 18 . For VO2 (ml.kg.min-1), a significant interaction was found between Group x Time F = 7.51, p < .0001, df = 5. Differences between the obese and non-obese groups were found at minutes 8, 9, and 10. Conclusion: In this study, the obese participants had more fat mass and arm fat area compared to the non-obese participants. However, this extra fat mass was not associated with more arm muscle area in the obese Group. Furthermore, there were no differences in oxygen consumption between the Groups. The arm ergometer is a non-weight bearing exercise, but is very intense especially for individuals who do not train their upper body. The extra fat weight on the arms of the obese individuals did not significantly affect the exercise responses measured. Therefore, it is recommended that the arm ergometer be prescribed for obese individuals who cannot handle the stresses associated with walking or cycling.
Advisors/Committee Members: Darby, Lynn.
Subjects: Anatomy and physiology; Health; Physical education
Keywords: OBESE; ERGOMETRY; VO2; ARM ERGOMETRY; ARM; exercises
More Like This
4.
Holcomb, Brett C.
A Model for Health? An Examination of the Exercise and Nutritional Attitudes and Behaviors of Personal Trainers and Their Influences on the Individuals They Lead.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2010, Bowling Green State University
► Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the exercise and…
(more)
▼ Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the exercise and eating behaviors of personal trainers and how these variables may be related to the exercise and eating behaviors of their clients. Method: Female personal trainers (n = 17) and female clients (n = 39) were analyzed on dependent variables concerning exercise dependence, eating disordered behaviors, and affect. Specifically, independent-samples t test were conducted comparing personal trainers and clients, high and low exercise dependent personal trainers, clients from high and low exercise dependent personal trainers, and high and low exercise dependent exercisers on the dependent variables. Results: Significant differences for symptoms of exercise dependence were found between personal trainers and clients. Personal trainers scored significantly higher on the EDS-R subscales of Tolerance (p = .003), Reduction in Other Activities (p = .001) and also on the EDS-R total score (p = .008). Differences between personal trainers and clients approached significance for the EAT-26 subscale of Bulimia and Food Preoccupation (p = .060). Significant differences were also found for eating disordered behaviors among the low and high exercise dependent personal trainers. Low exercise dependent personal trainers reported significantly lower scores on the EAT-26 subscale of Dieting (p = .009) and also on the EAT-26 total score (p = .013). Contrary to expectations, no significant differences were found between the clients from low and high exercise dependent personal trainers on exercise dependence, eating disordered behaviors, or affect. Also, no significant differences were found between low and high exercise dependent exercisers on eating disordered behavior or affect. Conclusions: Personal trainers reported higher exercise dependent symptomatology and lower eating disordered behaviors than clients. No differences in affect were found between the two groups. While group differences regarding exercise and eating behaviors between personal trainers and clients were evident, both groups reported scores that were at a low risk for exercise dependence and eating disordered behavior.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tobar, David.
Subjects: Physical education
Keywords: Exercise Dependence; Eating Disorders; Personal Trainers; Social Learning Theory
More Like This
5.
Lucas, Cathryn B.
Troubling Sport or Troubled by Sport: Experiences of Transgender Athletes.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2009, Bowling Green State University
► Sport has long been considered a space in which traditional gender norms…
(more)
▼ Sport has long been considered a space in which traditional gender norms are reinforced. The gender binary in sport (the belief in only 2 categories of sex and gender: male/masculine and female/feminine) is strictly policed in today's sporting climate by sexist, homophobic and transphobic language and behavior (Messner, 2002; Semerjian and Cohen, 2006). While a few openly transgender athletes have gained attention and challenged the traditional notions of gender in sport, little literature has examined the personal and cultural impact of their participation. A queer-feminist framework, forwarded by Sykes (1998), guided this critical examination of the experiences of transgender athletes. Three self-identified transgender athletes participated in 2 interviews: the first, unstructured, covered their sport experiences; the second, semi-structured, clarified and expanded upon issues raised in the first interview. All three participants competed in high school sports, two continued at the collegiate club level, and one continued in martial arts. The participants' experiences were presented in two narrative forms composed across the participants' interviews, but comprised entirely of their own words: (a) background profiles and (b) multiple, short narratives addressing various themes. A layered narrative approach (Caulley, 2008) was used to present and analyze the participants' experiences. The athletes' narratives, juxtaposed with theoretical discussion, challenged common definitions of “transgender athlete” and exposed a gender continuum in sport. Because their gender identities varied across the gender continuum, the participants' presence in sporting spaces challenged the common practice of segregation by gender. All three participants found safe spaces in which to participate, however seemingly supportive actions, such as a separate locker room designation, became problematic. Two participants experienced prejudiced behavior even within queer sport settings. The participants' diverse gender-identities troubled the sport physiology research rooted in the trans narrative promoted by the medical industry. The common discourse in sport, which tends to conflate transsexual with transgender and ignore non-transsexual people, was troubled by the participants' diverse gender identities. Transgender participation policies based in the sport physiology research, such as the IOC's Stockholm Consensus, were also challenged. Implications for both critical research and inclusive practice were forwarded.
Advisors/Committee Members: Krane, Vikki.
Subjects: Gender; Psychology
Keywords: transgender; sport; gender continuum; narrative analysis
More Like This
6.
Masters, Tyler J.
Subjective Well-Being, Sport Performance, Training Load and Life Experiences of College Athletes.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2009, Bowling Green State University
► Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationships among…
(more)
▼ Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationships among subjective well-being (SWB), training load, life experiences, and sport performance. Method: College athletes (N=66; ages 18-24) from four sports (ice hockey, baseball, softball, swimming) at a Midwestern Division I program were categorized into higher and lower subjective well-being groups based on POMS-B total mood disturbance scores and completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and College Student Athlete Experiences Survey throughout an academic semester. The surveys were completed bi-weekly for one semester (i.e., 8 times). A coach from each program will complete a Coach's Assessment of Player Performance for each athlete. Life experiences were analyzed using MANOVA and SWLS, performance and total energy expenditure (TEE) using ANOVA. Results: Group main effects were significant for all life experiences (p<.01) as well as satisfaction with life (p<.05). College athletes with higher SWB perceived their life experiences as being less negative and reported higher satisfaction with life than individuals with lower SWB. Significant main effects for time were found for three of the four life experiences (p<.05), player performance (p<.01), coach performance (p<.01), and total energy expenditure (p<.01). The lower SWB group showed greater fluctuations in life experiences across time but similar performance and TEE throughout the semester. Conclusion: College athletes with higher SWB perceived their life experiences as being less negative than individuals with lower SWB, but contrary to expectations the two groups did not differ in performance or total energy expenditure. This investigation has provided evidence for the need to monitor SWB and the influence of life experience to ensure the psychological health of college athletes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tobar, David.
Subjects: Mental health; Personal relationships; Psychology
Keywords: Subjective Well-Being; Performance; Training Load; Life Experiences; College Athlete; Academic Pressure; Time Pressure; Social Isolation; Relationship Issues
More Like This
7.
Mospan, Jessica Elizabeth.
The Comparison of Resting Metabolic Rate to Daily Physical Activity in Adults Aged 55-69 Years Old.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2009, Bowling Green State University
► The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the level…
(more)
▼ The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the level of physical activity was related to resting metabolic rate (RMR) in an older population. If a relationship existed, physical activity and RMR could be parameters to observe in older populations by health care professionals (physicians, exercise physiologists, etc.) to aid in weight loss, risk factors of diseases, etc. Since RMR comprises 60-80% of an individual's total metabolism, it is important to determine ways to increase or maintain RMR as an individual ages. Thirty healthy subjects aged 55-69 years old (average age = 60 years) were recruited for this study. RMR was measured two consecutive times using the BodyGem. Anthropometric parameters that were measured included body height and weight, body composition, waist and hip measurements, and abdominal diameter. After RMR and body composition measures were obtained and recorded, subjects were given an accelerometer to wear for two weeks. The accelerometer measured daily steps taken, intensity of physical activity (moderate to vigorous activity), and calories burned through physical activity. A correlation coefficient was used to compare physical activity and anthropometric variables to RMR. A multiple regression was also used to determine which variables were most predictive of RMR. RMR was significantly correlated with every variable except percent body fat, physical activity calories, and physical activity minutes. Daily steps were significantly negatively correlated with RMR, BMI, percent body fat, hip circumference, and abdominal diameter. Physical activity calories were significantly correlated with physical activity minutes while physical activity minutes were significantly correlated with age and percent body fat. The regression analysis provided the following variables to be used in a prediction equation for RMR: age, percent body fat, physical activity minutes, and physical activity calories. In conclusion, although RMR was not found to be significantly correlated with physical activity level and negatively correlated with the anthropometric measures, the relationships such as daily steps with BMI, percent body fat, hip circumference, and abdominal diameter were able to provide additional information that recording daily steps may aid in weight maintenance and decrease risk factors for various diseases (i.e., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc.).
Advisors/Committee Members: Morgan, Amy.
Subjects: Health
Keywords: RMR; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; FFM; BodyGem; Resistance Training; body fat; abdominal diameter
More Like This
8.
Nicole, Serene Marie.
THE INFLUENCE OF FITNESS AND EXERCISE STATUS ON MOOD CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH 10 AND 30 MINUTES OF CYCLING.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2006, Bowling Green State University
► Acute exercise is associated with psychological benefits, but personal characteristics and training…
(more)
▼ Acute exercise is associated with psychological benefits, but personal characteristics and training factors may influence this relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of fitness and exercise status on psychological changes associated with 10 and 30 minutes of cycling. A secondary purpose was to determine if enjoyment of cycling or exercise influences psychological changes associated with 10 and 30 minutes of cycling. The independent variables were fitness, exercise status, cycling enjoyment, exercise enjoyment, and duration. Participants included 26 non-exercisers (n = 18 men, n = 8 women) and 21 exercisers (n = 10 men, n = 11 women); mean age = 21.66 ± 1.03. More desirable scores for all measures of mood and affect (except fatigue) were reported following exercise. Low fit individuals, non-exercisers, and the low exercise enjoyment group reported an increase in fatigue immediately following exercise whereas exercisers reported lower fatigue following exercise. Exercisers reported an increase in vigor immediately following exercise whereas non-exercisers’ scores remained the same. The low cycling enjoyment group reported a decrease in total mood disturbance following the 10 minute duration, while individuals in the high cycling group reported little change in scores. Individuals in the low cycling enjoyment group reported a decrease in total mood disturbance immediately following the 30 minute duration, while individuals in the high cycling enjoyment group reported a decrease in total mood disturbance after the 30 minute duration that persisted 20 minutes post exercise. The high cycling enjoyment group reported similar enjoyment scores for both durations, and the low cycling enjoyment group reported higher enjoyment scores after the 30 minute compared to the 10 minute duration. It is concluded that 10 and 30 minutes of cycling improves mood, and personal characteristics (i.e., fitness level, exercise status) seem to moderate primarily somatic-related mood states. Exercise specific enjoyment may also moderate mood and enjoyment associated with exercise.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tobar, David A.
Keywords: Low High Total; exercisers; EXERCISE; posttest; enjoyment; enjoyment group; High Total
More Like This
9.
Price, Jessica A.
THE INFLUENCE OF INJURY RELATED PATIENT EDUCATION ON PAIN PERCEPTION AND MOOD STATES IN RECREATIONAL ATHLETES.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2006, Bowling Green State University
► The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of injury-related…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of injury-related patient education on the pain perception and mood states of recreational athletes. Participants were recruited from a sports medicine clinic and included recreational athletes over the age of 18 who suffered a musculoskeletal injury. A repeated measures design was used to examine participants pain perception and mood state at two separate occasions during the physician consultation. Both the control and experimental group participants completed the pain perception and mood state assessments prior to the physician consultation. The control group completed the second assessment after the physical exam but prior to the patient education. The experimental group completed the second assessment after both the physical exam and the patient education. MANOVA was used to determine the effects of patient education on pain perception and mood states. Results demonstrated a main effect for time among all participants (F(4,35) = 5.18, p = .002); however, patient education did not have a significant effect of pain perception and mood states between the control and experimental group (F(4,35) = 1.17, p = .340). Three possible explanations for these results include: (a) patient education does not have an effect on pain perception or mood state during the beginning phases of rehabilitation; (b) cognitive appraisal, which was not assessed in this study, plays a role in the effect of patient education on pain perception and mood state; or (c) simply meeting with a medical professional may have a more profound effect on the psychological aspects of injury than simply the informational content of patient education.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stodden, David F.
Keywords: Patient Education, Pain, Mood State
More Like This
10.
Secrest, Mallory L.
Narratives of Collegiate Female Athletes Who Sustained Multiple Injuries.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2010, Bowling Green State University
► In a “culture of risk,” injuries are an unintentional consequence of sport,…
(more)
▼ In a “culture of risk,” injuries are an unintentional consequence of sport, rarely talked about, and intentionally down played. Yet, athletes are constantly exposed to the potential for injury. Two models, Williams and Andersen’s (1998) stress and injury model and Wiese-Bjornstal et al.’s (1998) integrated model of response to sport injury and rehabilitative process, guide much of the research on the psychology of injury. This study built on the models, but focused on the psychological outcomes to multiple injuries rather than a single episode. The purpose was to explore athletes’ psychological response to multiple injuries. Four female, multiply injured collegiate athletes participated in two interviews: the first interview was unstructured and explored their sport injury experiences; the second interview was semi-structured and expanded upon issues raised in the first interview. Data were open and axial coded and a narrative approach and creative writing style were utilized in the presentation of the data. Composite monologues and individual narratives were constructed from athletes’ direct quotes and layered with theoretical and research discussion. The following themes are discussed in the narratives: responses to injuries and rehabilitations, interactions with sports medicine team, changing roles and team responsibilities while being multiply injured, coping strategies, social support, mental states associated with returning to sport participation, lessons learned as multiply injured athletes, advice based on the experience of being multiply injured, and injury status at the end of study. Many findings were consistent with the current literature on psychology of injury. Yet, the athletes’ narratives also revealed experiences unique to multiply injured athletes. Similar to the literature, the athletes experienced responses to their injuries like shock, anger, and frustration. The athletes also experienced distrust in their body as a result of their multiple injuries. Overtime, all four athletes did learn to cope with their injuries. Social support from their teammates, coaches, and athletic trainers in addition to adopting alternative roles helped them cope with their multiple injuries. Overall, the athletes’ narratives provide an in-depth understanding of their psychological responses to multiple injuries and have practical implications for sports medicine professionals, coaches, and multiply injured athletes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Krane, Vikki.
Subjects: Psychology; Sports medicine
Keywords: multiple injuries; psychological responses; narrative analysis
More Like This
11.
Snyder, Lauren N.
AN EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL FITNESS IN ASSISTED LIVING AND INDEPENDENT LIVING RESIDENTS.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2006, Bowling Green State University
► As our aging population continues to increase, more older adults will be…
(more)
▼ As our aging population continues to increase, more older adults will be in need of services provided by Continuing Care Retirement Communities. Although subjective activities of daily living assessments are common tools used when determining appropriate living arrangements for older adults who are in need of care, there is some controversy over whether these are adequate indicators of physical functioning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional fitness of individuals residing in independent living and assisted living facilities using a series of fitness tests. Participants took part in a functional fitness assessment as well as a subjective ADL assessment. Findings suggest residents in both assisted living and independent living are at an increased risk for loss of functional mobility in various components of functional fitness. This identification was not evident in the ADL assessment, which is commonly used when determining services and needs of residents in Continuing Care Retirement Communities.
Advisors/Committee Members: Morgan, Amy L.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Human Development
Keywords: Functional Fitness, older adults, ADL assessments
More Like This
12.
Sonnekalb, Sara.
Impact of Different Warm-up Conditions on Hamstrings Torque and Power.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2005, Bowling Green State University
► The purpose of this study was to determine how three different warm-up…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this study was to determine how three different warm-up conditions prior to exercise influence active range of motion (AROM) and peak and average isokinetic muscle torque at two speeds. Nineteen males completed three warm-up conditions: jogging only (JO), jogging + stretching (JS), and jogging + stretching + 15-minute rest period (JSR). Nine dependent variables were measured: concentric peak and average torque, eccentric peak and average torque, and AROM. A two-way MANOVA was used to analyze data. AROM data was also assessed using a repeated measures (2x3) ANOVA to detect significant changes over time. Muscular torque data was not significantly different among warm-up conditions (p>0.05). AROM increased after all warm-up conditions (p<0.05). Results demonstrated that a warm-up which includes a minimum of 5 minutes of jogging was sufficient to promote increases in AROM, and these effects lasted for at least 15 minutes after warm-up was completed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Morgan, Amy L.
Keywords: Hamstring; Flexibility; Active Range of Motion; Torque; Isokinetic; Static Stretch; Stretch; Warm-up
More Like This
13.
Tudor, Margaret L.
Examining Differences in Starters and Non-Starters and Scholarship Status on Perceived Competence, Life Satisfaction, Goal Orientation, Perceived Motivational Climate, And Motivation in Division I Softball Players.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2009, Bowling Green State University
► Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine goal orientation, perceived…
(more)
▼ Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine goal orientation, perceived motivational climate, perceived competence, and motivation in collegiate softball starters and non-starters and collegiate softball players with full, partial, and no scholarships. Method: Division I college softball player (N = 52; ages 18-22) at three Mid-American Conference programs were categorized by player role (starter vs. non-starter) and scholarship status (full, partial, or none). Players completed surveys to assess perceived competence, satisfaction with life (Satisfaction with Life Scale), goal orientation (Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire), perceived motivational climate (Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2), and motivation (Sport Motivation Scale). The surveys were completed towards the end of the softball season (April, 2009). Perceived competence and life satisfaction were analyzed using independent t-tests and ANOVA. Goal orientation, perceived motivational climate, and motivation were analyzed using one-way MANOVAs. Results: Significant findings for player role and perceived motivational climate, as well as scholarship status and perceived motivational climate were found (p<.05). Although there was no significance between motivation and player role, follow-up univariate tests found significance in amotivation for starters and non-starters (p<.05). Conclusion: College softball players differed in perceived motivational climate according to player role (starter vs. non-starter) and scholarship status (full, partial, or none). Contrary to expectations, perceived competence, satisfaction with life, and motivation did not differ in starters or non-starters or in full, partial, or no scholarship holders. This investigation has provided evidence for the need to further explore relationships including starters and non-starters and differences in scholarship status.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tobar, David.
Keywords: sport psychology; softball; sport; motivation; goal orientation; motivational climate; perceived competence
More Like This
14.
Yan, Zi.
Psychological Factors Related to Reasons for Exercise: A Comparative Study Between Chinese and American College Students.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2008, Bowling Green State University
► Exercise has been shown to be associated with health and it is…
(more)
▼ Exercise has been shown to be associated with health and it is related to decreased morbidity and mortality in the general population (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, USDHHS, 1996). Despite the multiple health benefits of exercise, relatively few people exercise. The present study examined factors that may influence exercise participation. Chinese undergraduate students from Beijing Normal University (n = 213) and American undergraduate students from Bowling Green State University (n = 213) were recruited to participate in the present study. This study examined how reasons for exercise were related to exercise stages of change among Chinese and American college students. Also examined were how reasons for exercise were related to exercise enjoyment and self-efficacy. In addition, cultural and gender differences were examined. The main results were as follows: (1) Women in different stages of change exercised for different reasons, with women in higher stages primarily exercise more for non-body related reasons than women in lower stages of change. (2) American college students exercised more for Weight Control, Fitness, and Physical Attractiveness, while Chinese college students exercised more for Health and Enjoyment. (3) Students who primarily exercised for Mood enjoyed exercise more than people who exercised for other reasons, and people who exercised for body-related reasons, such as Weight Control and Body Tone, enjoyed exercise the least. (4) Women exercising primarily for Mood had higher self-efficacy than women exercising for other reasons. In conclusion, certain reasons for exercise are related to stages of change, exercise enjoyment, and exercise self-efficacy.
Advisors/Committee Members: Berger, Bonnie.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: exercise; reasons for exercise; stages of change; enjoyment; self-efficacy; Chinese; college students
More Like This
15.
Zachrich, Timothy P.
Max VO2 and Ventilatory Threshold in University Level Hockey Players.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2008, Bowling Green State University
► The sport of ice hockey is a unique blend of anaerobic power…
(more)
▼ The sport of ice hockey is a unique blend of anaerobic power and aerobic capacity. These athletes perform short bouts (90 sec) of powerful skating, shooting, and body hits. While these are anaerobic bouts of exercise, the effect of repeated on-ice shifts results in a cumulative endurance exercise. The purpose of this study was to analyze the body's physiological responses, such as maximal oxygen consumption and ventilatory threshold, of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level hockey players. Twenty-four male hockey players (n=14 forwards, n=8 defensemen, n=2 goalies; age=20.9 ± 1.18 yrs.) were measured for VO2max and ventilatory threshold (Tvent) on a treadmill, utilizing a progressive, graded exercise test protocol. The measures were collected using the Oxycon Mobile® gas analysis system. The subjects ran on the treadmill for 3-minute stages during which speed and grade increased, until exhaustion. VO2max was expressed in relative terms (ml/kg/min), and Tvent was recorded as a percent of VO2max (%VO2max). Heart rate (bpm) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also measured. VO2max for these subjects were significantly higher than the average for this demographic, 57.2 ± 5.04 ml/kg/min (range: 68.0-48.4 ml/kg/min). Tvent for these subjects was also significantly higher than average, untrained individuals, 80.7 ± 9.6% VO2max (range: 91.9%-54.0%). Also, VO2 at stage 4 (p=0.068, d=2.42) and Tvent (p=0.68, d=0.19) were not shown to be dependent on position.
Advisors/Committee Members: Morgan, Amy L.
Subjects: Health; Physical education; Science education; Sports medicine
Keywords: VO2max; Tvent
More Like This
16.
Zhang, Yu.
Mood and Exercise Enjoyment of College Students When Jogging at Preferred Exercise Intensities.
Degree: MEd, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies /Developmental Kinesiology, 2012, Bowling Green State University
► A single session of exercise was associated with improvement of mood states…
(more)
▼ A single session of exercise was associated with improvement of mood states (Berger, Darby, Owen, & Carels, 2010; Ekkekakis, Hall, VanLanduyt, & Petruzzello, 2000; Petruzzello, Snook, Gliottoni, Motl, 2009). In addition, many factors seem to influence mood changes after exercise, such as exercise intensity and exercise enjoyment. One purpose of this study was to examine mood changes when participants exercise at their preferred intensity levels. Two additional purposes were to investigate the relationship between mood changes and exercise enjoyment (state and trait exercise enjoyment). Two final purposes were to examine the characteristics of the preferred intensity and to investigate possible sex differences in college students. Undergraduate students (N = 55) from physical education general (PEG) classes at Bowling Green State University with a mean age of 20.6 ±1.4 years participated in this study. Participants completed 15 minutes of jogging at their preferred exercise intensity levels. Immediately before and after exercise session, all participants completed the Profile of Mood States Inventory. In additional, exercise enjoyment (both trait and state) have measured by the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale in the study. The major findings were as followings: (1) desirable mood changes occurred when participants exercised (jog/walk) at their preferred intensity levels for 15 minutes. (2) There was no support for the relationship between exercise enjoyment and mood changes in this study. (3) Female students chose a higher level of exercise intensity (80.8% of HRR) as their preferred intensity level than male students (75.5% of HRR), but no difference was found for RPE. (4) College students exercised at a hard or very hard exercise intensity level rather than a moderate exercise intensity level.
Advisors/Committee Members: Berger, Bonnie.
Subjects: Kinesiology
Keywords: mood; exercise enjoyment; preferred intensity
More Like This
